Federal Government 2305 E3 Study Material

Latinos currently make up approximately ________ percent of the U.S. population. a.) 10 b.) 17 c.) 6 d.) 3

b.) 17

Facebook has more than ________ users worldwide. a.) 3.5 billion b.) 2.2 billion c.) 500 million d.) 100 million

b.) 2.2 billion ?

________ is the core political value MOST highly prioritized by American conservatives. a.) Justice b.) Equality c.) Liberty d.) Family

b.) Equality

The press release was created? a.) During the administration of James Monroe in the 1810s. b.) In the early 20th Century by a public relations firm working for a railroad. c.) By Franklin Roosevelt in 1933. d.) By Abraham Lincoln during the Civil War.

b.) In the early 20th Century by a public relations firm working for a railroad.

A political action committee (PAC) can contribute ________ to any candidate for federal office, provided it contributes to at least five different federal candidates each year. a.) $5,000 b.) $50,000 c.) $500 d.) $500,000

a.) $5,000

Lobbying is a.) An attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature. b.) An attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting direct pressure on members of Congress or a state legislature. c.) An attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through advertisements and media coverage, on members of Congress or a state legislature. d.) The act of working on a re-election campaign.

a.) An attempt by an individual or group to influence the passage of legislation by exerting indirect pressure, through phone calls or emails, on members of Congress or a state legislature.

Retail politics" refers to a.) Campaigns in which candidates meet citizens face-to-face to discuss politics. b.) Attempts made by political machines in the nineteenth century to buy votes from citizens through cash payments. c.) Debates about how extensively government should regulate the manufacture and sale of consumer goods. d.) Government-run auctions to sell public property.

a.) Campaigns in which candidates meet citizens face-to-face to discuss politics.

The 1995 Lobbying Disclosure Act a.) Expanded the definition of the organization and individuals that must register to lobby. b.) Was struck down by the Supreme Court as a violation of the constitutional right to privacy. c.) Eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress. d.) Narrowed the definition of the organization and individuals that must register to lobby.

a.) Expanded the definition of the organization and individuals that must register to lobby.

Interest groups use litigation as a strategy of influence by a.) Filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group. b.) Working with 527 committees, directly lobbying judges, and engaging in institutional advertising.' c.) Directly lobbying judges, using direct-mail solicitations, and making campaign contributions to members of Congress. d.) Engaging in institutional advertising, activating issue networks, and directly lobbying judges.

a.) Filing amicus curiae briefs, financing lawsuits, and bringing a suit on behalf of the group.

The greatest challenge for journalism organizations today is a.) Generating enough revenue to finance traditional investigative journalism. b.) Obtaining access to high-level political leaders. c.) Protecting themselves from libel and slander lawsuits. d.) Fact-checking the stories written by their journalists and columnists.

a.) Generating enough revenue to finance traditional investigative journalism.

The Communications Decency Act a.) Made it illegal to broadcast explicit sexual and excretory references between 6 A.M. and 10 P.M. on the radio and on television. b.) Required that individuals be given the opportunity to respond to personal attacks broadcast on radio and television. c.) Imposed a tax on all websites containing obscene material. d.) Made it illegal to make "indecent" sexual material on the internet accessible to those under age 18.

a.) Made it illegal to broadcast explicit sexual and excretory references between 6 A.M. and 10 P.M. on the radio and on television.

What is "niche journalism"? a.) News reporting targeted for a demographic of readers based on content or ideological presentation. b.) Journalism that is uncritical of government officials and the status quo. c.) Journalism that is highly critical of government officials and the status quo. d.) Any political reporting that can only be found online.

a.) News reporting targeted for a demographic of readers based on content or ideological presentation.

The media's reporting of the Watergate affair led to a.) President Richard Nixon's resignation. b.) President Richard Nixon's defeat in the 1972 election. c.) President Richard Nixon's reelection. d.) a fundamental change in the nation's libel laws.

a.) President Richard Nixon's resignation.

Priming refers to the a.) Process of preparing the public to bring specific criteria to mind when evaluating a politician or issue. b.) Fact that many important news stories go uncovered by the mainstream media. c.) Tendency that people have to seek out news sources that confirm their prior beliefs about politics. d. Bias that news organizations show toward covering dramatic and entertaining stories.

a.) Process of preparing the public to bring specific criteria to mind when evaluating a politician or issue.

The practice of push polling involves a.) The procedure of asking loaded questions in order to subtly shape the respondent's opinion. b.) The system of repeatedly calling people in the sampling frame until they respond to the survey. c.) Polling services attempting to sell their polling data to major news media organizations at higher prices during election seasons. d.) The effect of polls having to push politicians into adopting policy proposals they would not otherwise adopt.

a.) The procedure of asking loaded questions in order to subtly shape the respondent's opinion.

Successful interest groups quickly become a.) bureaucratized. b.) corrupted. c.) rich. d.) outdated.

a.) bureaucratized.

In Red Lion Broadcasting Company v. FCC (1969), the Supreme Court upheld the a.) fairness doctrine. b.) right of rebuttal. c.) framing doctrine. d.) equal time rule.

a.) fairness doctrine.

Alexis de Tocqueville argued that the proliferation of interest groups promoted a.) governmental responsiveness. b.) tyranny of the majority. c.) undemocratic elitism. d.) economic equality.

a.) governmental responsiveness.

Edward Snowden is MOST known for a.) leaking the material that revealed widespread global surveillance programs by the U.S. government and major telecommunication companies. b.) leaking the Pentagon Papers to the press. c.) creating and maintaining the WikiLeaks site. d.) leaking information about the Iraq War to the press while serving as Vice President Dick Cheney's chief of staff.

a.) leaking the material that revealed widespread global surveillance programs by the U.S. government and major telecommunication companies.

Another name for lobbying is a.) petitioning. b.) mobilizing. c.) litigating. d.) stalking.

a.) petitioning.

In the Pentagon Papers case, the Supreme Court ruled that a.) President Nixon would be impeached. b.) The government could not block the release of the papers. c.) President Nixon did not commit an impeachable offense. d.) The government could block the release of any documents that were illegally leaked to the press.

b.) The government could not block the release of the papers.

Most local newspapers get their national news from ______. a.) Local Reports. b.) Wire Services. c.) The Internet. d.) Government reports, press briefings, and announcements.

b.) Wire Services.

What did the framers identify as the greatest source of political conflict for the United States? a.) conflicts between central and local governments b.) differences between the rich and poor c.) racial inequalities d.) geographic differences

b.) differences between the rich and poor

James Madison called an interest group a a.) faction. b.) mob. c.) plutocracy. d.) social movement.

b.) mob.

"Filter bubbles" appear when a.) journalists choose to cover only those stories that are acceptable to advertisers. b.) search engines automatically screen out information that might challenge or broaden a person's worldview. c.) news aggregation sites include content from a wide variety of sources and give no preference to American media organizations. d.) people intentionally expose themselves to perspectives that challenge what they already believe to be true about the political world.

b.) search engines automatically screen out information that might challenge or broaden a person's worldview.

In the United States today, the government a.) Controls most media content through regulations and tightly controlled press briefings. b.) Heavily regulates print media but imposes no regulations on radio and television broadcasts. c) Owns, but does not control, the major sources of media. d.) Does not own but regulates the content and ownership of broadcast media.

c) Owns, but does not control, the major sources of media.

The "metered model" used by many newspaper websites? a.) Allows access only to users who have yearly subscriptions. b.) Requires that users click on at least one advertisement for each article they read. c. )Allows a certain number of free visits before requiring users to pay. d.) Charges users to pay for each and every article they read.

c. )Allows a certain number of free visits before requiring users to pay.

In 1996, Congress passed legislation that a.) Lifted all limits on the number of gifts lobbyists could give members of Congress. b.) Eliminated the requirement that lobbyists register with Congress. c.) Banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches. d.) Allowed businesses to deduct lobbying costs as a business expense.

c.) Banned the practice of lobbyists giving members of Congress an honorarium for giving speeches.

The fairness doctrine required that a.) All broadcasters provide candidates for the same political office with equal opportunities to communicate their messages to the public. b.) All regulated newspapers establish a section of the editorial page for letters from readers. c.) Broadcasters who aired controversial issues provide time for opposing viewpoints. d.) All network news reports be balanced and fair-minded or they would be labeled editorials.

c.) Broadcasters who aired controversial issues provide time for opposing viewpoints.

Netroots groups are less expensive to organize than traditional interest groups because they? a.) Do not provide any selective benefits to their member. b.) Spend much less time communicating with their member and much more time lobbying policy makers. c.) Have a streamlined staff structure with fewer staff who often work from virtual offices. d.) Are always run entirely by volunteers who take no salary.

c.) Have a streamlined staff structure with fewer staff who often work from virtual offices.

A criticism of interest group pluralism is- a.) That it gives too much influence to religious organizations and therefore threatens the separation of church and state. b.) That its ideals are too closely associated with Marxist-Leninist ideology and are therefore unacceptable to the majority of Americans. c.) Its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources. d.) Its inherent propensity for compromise, the character of which tends to be antidemocratic.

c.) Its class bias in favor of those with greater financial resources.

Anonymous is a(n)? a.) Interest group closely associated with the New Politics movement. b.) Super PAC that gives primarily to Republican candidates. c.) Loosely associated network of activists and hackers that specializes in online protests. d.) "Dark money" 501(c)(4) organizations.

c.) Loosely associated network of activists and hackers that specializes in online protests.

Liberalism and conservatism are examples of a.) public opinions. b.) political attitudes. c.) political ideologies. d.) political preferences.

c.) political ideologies.

The three steps of John Zaller's model of opinion formation are a.) listen, consider, and adapt. b.) receive, repeat, and react. c.) receive, accept, and sample. d.) listen, respond, and sample.

c.) receive, accept, and sample.

A political ideology is best defined as a.) The concrete interests that people try to defend through public policy. b.) The various attitudes that citizens possess toward political issues, events, and people. c.) The specific preferences individuals contemplate while discussing an issue. d.) A cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government.

d.) A cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about the government.

A grassroots lobbying campaign occurs when a.) A spontaneous show of political support for a particular position manifests itself. b.) An interest group buys advertisements in newspapers around the country in order to publicize an issue. c.) Interest groups organize to support a dark-horse presidential candidate. d.) An interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position.

d.) An interest group mobilizes its members and their families throughout the country to write their representatives in support of the group's position.

The MOST important selection bias in news is the a.) Ideology of the journalists. b.) Economic interests of the media's owners. c.) Approval of government regulators. d.) Audience appeal of a story.

d.) Audience appeal of a story.

"Affective intelligence" refers to the a.) Belief that one's feelings are right, even if well-accepted facts contradict these feelings. b.) Fact that people often determine their policy preferences and voting decisions through rational calculations of costs and benefits. c.) Skill that some political leaders and media communicators have to make their audiences feel empathy for others. d.) Fact that individuals will often quickly form opinions in response to current events by using their emotions as a guide.

d.) Fact that individuals will often quickly form opinions in response to current events by using their emotions as a guide.

________ generally support abortion rights and oppose state involvement with religious institutions. a.) Socialists b.) Conservatives c.) Internationalists d.) Liberals

d.) Liberals

Organized interest groups enhance American democracy by? a.) Fielding large numbers of electable candidates. b.) Financing large numbers of election campaigns. c.) Empowering less potent segments of society. d.) Representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation.

d.) Representing the interests of large numbers of people and encouraging political participation.

The concept of a marketplace of ideas refers to a.) The use of opinion pollsters who market a politician's speeches, ideas, and votes. b.) The explosion of information brought on by the internet and other advances in electronic communication. c.) Important changes in copyright and patent laws that have restricted Americans' access to free information. d.) The competition between varying opinions and ideas that are aired in public forums.

d.) The competition between varying opinions and ideas that are aired in public forums.

An iron triangle is made up of an alliance between a.) the media, a legislative committee, and the federal courts. b.) the federal courts, the state courts, and interest groups. c.) a legislative committee, an executive agency, and the federal courts. d.) a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

d.) a legislative committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.

The Vietnam War initiated the growth of ________ journalism. a.) corporate-driven b.) government-regulated c.) yellow d.) adversarial

d.) adversarial

The Lincoln-Douglas debates took place a.) in Madison Square Garden during the Republican Convention of 1860. b.) through a series of competing newspaper editorials. c.) on radio, making it the first political broadcast in the United States. d.) outside, in the cornfields and town squares of Illinois.

d.) outside, in the cornfields and town squares of Illinois.

Interest groups are concerned with the ________ of government, while political parties are concerned with the ________ of government. a.) legitimacy; power b.) membership; authority c.) values; goals d.) policies; personnel

d.) policies; personnel

In 1936, pollsters at the Literary Digest were guilty of ________ when they mistakenly predicted a presidential victory for Alf Landon over Franklin Roosevelt by polling people whose names came from the telephone book and automobile registration records. a.) push polling b.) probability sampling c.) random dialing d.) selection bias

d.) selection bias

The British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) is owned by a.) the government and is not allowed to report anything without first receiving government approval. b.) a private corporation and is allowed to report whatever it wants. c.) a private corporation, but it is not allowed to report anything without first receiving government approval. d.) the government, but it is allowed to report whatever it wants.

d.) the government, but it is allowed to report whatever it wants.

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