Film Lecture Exam 2
What is cinema?
a motion picture recording of movement at a minimum, 24 still images flying past your retinas every second.
What are moving pictures?
a movie/film
Blaxploitation is
a response to Hollywood's passive response to Civil Rights Movement counter-narrative to the passive, assimilationist message of Hollywood in the 60s and 70s
What is the building block of editing?
a shot
Axis of action:
an imaginary line bisecting a scene corresponding to the 180-degree rule in continuity editing that passes from side to side through the main actors, defining the spatial relations of the scene. The camera is not supposed to cross the axis at a cut and reverse the spatial relations. Ensures constant screen space and constant screen direction. on one side only
Over the past century, Black Cinema has consistently offered ________.
an important counternarrative to white hegemony.
anti-hero
an unsympathetic hero pursuing an immoral goal, and somehow we end up rooting for them anyway. Think of basically every heist movie. Or every vigilante action movie. Or any Tarantino movie for that matter.
the 180 degree rule defines an imaginary line that runs through the characters in a scene is called _____
axis of action
The organization, distribution, balance, and general relationship of actors and objects within the space of each shot is called ________.
composition
________ is the arrangement of people, objects and setting within the frame of an image
composition
Whatever aspect ratio a filmmaker chooses will affect the choices they make regarding ___________
composition.
CGI refers to ________
computer Generated Imagery
What are zoom lenses?
allow you to adjust the focal length by sliding the glass elements closer to or further away from the sensor, thus greatly magnifying the image or widening the angle of view without swapping out the lens itself
What are prime lenses?
almost always used, have a fixed focal length. What you see is what you get. prime lenses force the cinematographer to be more deliberate and intentional about the angle of view and magnification of a particular shot.
Continuity editing
also called invisible editing coherence and rhythm goal of continuity editing is to create a continuous flow of images and sound, a linear, logical progression, shot to shot and scene to scene, constantly orienting the viewer in space and time and carrying them through the narrative. All without ever making any of that obvious or obtrusive.
what is aperture?
amount of light that passes through the lens "a fancy word for hole"
________ is a lighting technique often associated with horror and film noir.
Low-key
_______________ type of lighting refers to a lighting design where the key light remains subtle and even subordinate to other lighting sources.
Low-key lighting
technological film approach
focuses on the logistics of the film and how the film was made. special effects used, the editing, and the overall pacing.
__________ are a special breed of technician, part sound recordist and part performance artist. Their job is to fill in the missing sounds in a given scene.
foley artist
Depth of field refers to the distances in front of the camera and its lens in which the subjects are________.
in apparent sharp focus
Kuleshov Effect
This phenomenon - how we derive more meaning from the juxtaposition of two shots than from any single shot in isolation
Why is sound overlapped?
To link and provide unity between disparate shots.
artificial light
light generated from any number of different technologies, LED, incandescent, fluorescent, etc. focusable spotlights and floodlights
Why would filmmakers use the extremes of near silence or shocking loudness in a scene?
To signal something important.
Blonde Bombshell
portrayed most famously and consistently by Marilyn Monroe. women, mostly blonde, often portrayed as naïve innocents (and sometimes willfully unintelligent) who were either blissfully happy housewives or desperately wanted to be. unifying theme: a woman's place was in the home, preferably with a wealthy, successful husband. reflects a kind of nostalgia for the gender dynamics of pre-war America presented that image as an ideal for women to internalize and ultimately pursue. bound up in a much larger hegemonic process
low angle
power and superiority
Dissolve
transition in which a shot gradually superimposes over another shot.
in early Hollywood, Black Cinema produced by African American filmmakers for African American audiences was known as
race films
what are the 3 primary additive colors
red, green, and blue
phi phenomenon
the illusion of movement created by presenting visual stimuli in rapid succession the art and science
who is the camera operator?
the person actually handling the camera; is often the cinematographer
______ is the type of shot that tracks along with a subject in motion (and may or may not be on actual tracks).
tracking shot
non diegetic sound comes from
outside the film's world
Who has the most control over sculpting an actor's performance?
The editor.
Racial Purity
"whiteness" being normative
Traditional sound effects are created and recorded ______
"wild"; Foley sounds are recorded in sync with the picture.
women in contemporary cinema
#MeToo and Hollywood rise of female directors
The ______ campaign called on the Motion Picture Academy to redress their racial disparity after all 20 acting nominations went to white actors in 2015
#OscarsSoWhite
non-naturalistic performance style
- Performances seem exaggerated or even overacted(not life-like) - Employ strange or outlandish constumes, makeup, and hair - Aim for effects beyond the normal range of human experience -Intend to distance or estrange audiences from characters - Frequently found in horror, fantasy, and action films
Inventor(s) credited with the birth of cinema
- Thomas Edison- Woodville Latham- The Lumiere Brothers
improvisational acting
-Extemporizing or playing through a moment -Often involves collaboration between actors and directors in creating stories, characters, and dialogue -often involve actors and directors creating stories and dialogue that may be incorporated into the script - An extension of Stanislavski's emphasis on naturalistic performance inward-looking, internal
What was Edison's first "movie studio," a small hut covered in black tar paper called?
Black Maria
recipe for a good stort
1 protagonist 1 goal a whole bunch of obstacles A protagonist pursuing a goal confronted by obstacles
The emergence of blockbusters such as Jaws changed the film business by:
1. Encouraging studios to spend big in hopes of big returns from the box office2. Put more emphasis on concept, as opposed to talent3. Giving relatively young or unknown directors a shot(its all of the above)
5 stereotypes of African Americans in Classical Hollywood Cinema
1. Ineffectual and lazy 2. Black men colluding with white hegemony 3. Black women colluding with white hegemony 4. Mixed race and cursed 5. Hyper-masculine and dangerous
Bechdel Test:
1. It has to have at least two [named] women in it 2. Who talk to each other 3. About something besides a man
Which of the following constitutes a cinematic ellipsis?
A cut between a shot of a woman contemplating diving off the high-dive board and a shot of her emerging from the water.
What is a jump cut?
A cut creating a disorienting ellipsis between two shots caused by the absence of a portion of film that would have provided continuity.
What is a match-on-action cut?
A cut that shows us the continuation of a character's or object's motion through space.
Discontinuity editing
A style of editing—that joins shots A and B to produce an effect or meaning not even hinted at by either shot alone.
What is a dissolve?
A transitional device in which a shot gradually superimposes over another shot.
sound stage
A windowless, interior, soundproofed, professional shooting environment that is usually several stories high and can cover an acre or more of floor space.
The "New" Hollywood of the 1960s and 70s was the result of ______
ALL OF THESE: - The collapse of the old studio system- The rise of independent producers -The influence of cultural changes in American society
"A lobby boy is completely invisible, yet __________________"
ALWAYS IN SIGHT
"one drop rule"
According to this so-called rule, one distant ancestor with ties to Africa can "disqualify" an individual from whiteness. In that way, race in America is not even really tied to phenotype, but to a hegemonic idea of "purity." Hegemonic in that it is presented as the "natural order of things," and an idea in that it is not rooted in any biological reality. There's no such thing as racial purity. We, collectively, made it up.
This female filmmaker wrote and directed The Cabbage Fairy in 1896and was a pioneer in transitioning early film from documentary to narrative forms.
Alice Guy Blache
Hegemonic Patriarchy
An industry dominated by men that historically marginalizes women, forcing them to work twice as hard to achieve half as much
Which of the following constitutes a flashback?
An interruption of the chronological progression of an action movie to show a tranquil moment from the protagonist's childhood.
Hegemonic Racism
Anglo-European whites manipulating meaning to subjugate and control people of color, and Black people in particular (but not exclusively), to further their own economic and political goals.
What department does set decoration come under?
Art department
What does ADR stand for?
Automated Dialogue Replacement
ADR- re-record sounds
Automated Dialogue Replacement (sometimes also referred to as Additional Dialogue Recording, or "looping" They simply play the scene in a repeating "loop" as the actors record the lines over and over until it matches the performance on screen.
Why are establishing shots particularly important for continuity editing?
Because they orient the viewer in preparation for the shots that follow.
Post War
Blonde Bombshell
How does an editor control the rhythm of a film?
By varying the duration of the shots in relation to one another and thus controlling their speed and accents.
Who operates the camera?
Camera crew - Camera Operator and 1st and 2nd AC
________ is a lighting technique that uses deep gradations and subtle variations of lights and darks.
Chiaroscuro
schools of acting
Classical , Method, Meisner Technique
The director of the now controversial Birth of a Nation, and arguably the most important director during the silent era, was
D. W. Griffith
What is the difference between diegetic and nondiegetic sound?
Diegetic sound originates from a source within a film's world; nondiegetic sound comes from outside that world.
a cinematographer is sometimes also called the ______________
Director of Principal Photography
Women in WW2
Femme Fatale
Of the various elements of composition, which one directly implies a point of view?
Framing
Narrative cannot exist without the protagonist possessing a ____
GOAL
_________ is the person responsible for powering the lights and other camera-related equipment during production/head of the lighting dept
Gaffer
Blonde Bombshell movie examples
Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953) How to Marry a Millionaire (1953) The Girl Can't Help It (1956) Tunnel of Love (1958)
What does Gustave criticize about Madame D.'s appearance at breakfast?
HER NAIL COLOR
Where does the Author meet Moustafa?
IN THE THERMAL BATHS
Which of the following is one of the challenges movie actors confront?
Interruptions by camera, lighting, and sound adjustments.
What does the first act accomplish in a typical narrative movie?
Introduces the setting and characters and establishes what and who they are.
Which of the following is NOT a function of silence?
It may help an audience anticipate what might happen next in the plot.
Which of the following is NOT a function of asynchronous sound?
It produces spatial awareness.
What does Madame D. ask Gustave to do when she leaves the hotel?
LIGHT A CANDLE IN THE CHURCH FOR HER
______ determines the clarity, framing, depth of field and exposure of the image
Lens
natural light
Light that comes from the sun or the moon
How Filmmaking Affects Acting:
Little time for rehearsals, multiple retakes, Movies are shot out of sequence and fragmented Framing and Composition Editing Sound and Technology Casting Camera & close-up Actor & Director Collaboration
The Headless Women of Hollywood
Marcia Belsky's twitter name
What are the fundamental building blocks of continuity editing?
Master shots and the 180-degree system.
Which of the following is NOT a way in which sound volume shapes an audience's interpretation of a scene?
Medium loudness may suggest something important.
Why has the role of the sound designer become more prominent over the years
Motion picture sound has become more complex and increasingly innovative.
What was the name of the pioneer photographer who won the bet against Leland Stanfod for $25,000 to photograph a horse mid gallop?
Muybridge
________ refers to underlying idea that activates the plot, defines the characters, and leads us to a satisfying resolution
Narrative intent
Performance Styles
Naturalistic, Non-naturalistic, Improvisational
_______________________ is composing the image so the main subject is isolated and small relative to the rest of the frame.
Negative space
Which of the following is not a modern stereotype for black characters in cinema?
None of the above
Whiteness as
Normative and Hegemonic
________ refers to stories that can follow any character, even minor ones, if it helps tell the story
Omniscient narration
Oscar Micheaux
One of the most famous and most successful filmmakers in early Black Cinema from 1910s-1940s spanning the transition to sound, and challenging the prevailing stereotypes made more than 44 films
The large narrative that constantly reaffirms whiteness as normative, implies non-whiteness as
Other
The change in focus from one subject to another during a shot is known as ____________
Rack Focus
Dividing the frame into thirds horizontally and vertically and lining up areas of visual interest at the intersection of those points, is an example of the __________________
Rule of thirds
Response to Second Wave Feminism
Sexploitation films Sexual Liberation Films
_________ explores the racial tensions in a small New York neighborhood during one very hot summer day.
Spike Lee's Do the Right Thing (1989)
What are the four basic properties of light in cinematography?
Source, Quality, Direction and Color.
Which is not an element of a screenplay?
Storyboard
Which of the following is NOT considered to be a component of improvisational acting?
Strict adherence to the screenplay.
What does it mean when the stakes rise in a movie?
That as the movie progresses the protagonist confronts greater risks.
original title of birth of a nation
The Clansman
History- First sound film
The Jazz Singer
Which of the following best characterizes a naturalistic style performance?
The behavior is believable and recognizable.
naturalistic performance style
The behavior is believable and recognizable. An actor's full effort to embody the character that he or she is playing in order to communicate the essential self of the character.
Three point lighting
The brightness of each of these lights relative to each other is known as the lighting ratio and can be adjusted for various different effects. the most basic starting point for lighting a scene
The primary narrator in cinema is always:
The camera
What does transparency mean when used to describe an actor's performance?
The character is so clearly recognizable that the actor becomes invisible.
three act structure
The classical model of narrative form. The first act introduces characters and conflicts; the second act offers complication leading to a climax; the third act contains the denouement and resolution.
Which of the following falls under the supervision of a movie's production designer?
The costumes, set construction, and hairstyling.
Parallel editing
The cutting together of two or more lines of action that occur simultaneously at different locations.
What is parallel editing?
The cutting together of two or more lines of action that occur simultaneously at different locations.
Sound crew
The group responsible for planning and preparing all sound effects needed for a production provides sound equipment and sound reinforcement services provide speakers/microphones/mixers/etc as well as the people to run it, whether it's a small poetry reading or a quad-sized outdoor concert
What is the ultimate goal of continuity editing?
To communicate the story as clearly, efficiently, and coherently as possible.
Iris in-Iris out
The new image appears as an expanding circle in the middle of the old image or the old image becomes a contracting circle that disappears into the new image.
Why does the master scene technique employ various camera angles?
They provide coverage to the director by avoiding the need to reshoot.
How do environmental sounds typically function in a film?
They provide information about a film's setting and action.
Fade in/out
To allow a scene to open or close slowly using smooth transitions
What is the principal difference between traditional sound effects and Foley sounds?
Traditional sound effects are created and recorded "wild"; Foley sounds are recorded in sync with the picture.
The landmark supreme court decision in 1948 by the U.S. government in the anti-trust case against the major studios for unfair monopoly over the entertainment industry was called
United States v. Paramount Pictures, Inc
reflector boards
Used to change the direction of the light that flows from a particular source, particularly the sun when filming outside. a device used to help control natural light
Lense types
Wide angle, Telephoto, Normal, Zoom
Lenses can be divided into two basic types based on how they treat focal length: ___ & ______
Zoom and Prime
________________________
____________________________
Diegetic sound originates from
a source within a film's world
How would you characterize the Hollywood studio system during the classical period?
a top-down organization in which management controlled everything
Which of the following is the optical illusion film made by magician George Melie's?
a trip to the moon
What is a film stock?
a type of medium unexposed and unprocessed motion-picture film
The Jazz Singer(1927) is celebrated for being one of the first films with synchronized sound, but it's also infamous for:
actors performing in blackface
Film History approaches
aesthetic, technological, economic, and social- aspects
side by side camera shot
aka pan shot moving the camera from side to side to show something to the audience or help them better follow the sequence of events.
Rule of Thirds
all about BALANCE and PROPORTION in the composition bring a sense of symmetry to the image; the two characters share the screen as equals. idea is to divide the frame into thirds horizontally and vertically and line up areas of visual interest at the intersection of those points.
Deep focus
all three planes of the film frame in focus everything seems to be equally in focus, allowing us to pick out all of the details of the set design. This is an example of a wide depth of field or __________
What are the basic properties of all lenses?
aperture, focal length, depth of field
Who is the 2nd assistant camera (2nd AC)?
assists the 1st AC and often operates the slate, or clapper (more on that later).
Oscar Micheaux was known for ________.
being a prolific African American writer, producer and director in the 1920s
Post civil rights movement, independently financed films that reclaimed an image of Black culture, Black masculinity as powerful, pro-active, anti-establishment films were known as..
blaxploitation films
Series Photography
bridge between still photography and cinematography
What is the main aim of a narrative
browsing
Experienced screen actors know their most essential relationship is with the ________.
camera
the cinematographer also relies on a large team known as the
camera department.
A box or room where light enters on one side and projects an image from the outside onto the opposite side or wall is called a
camera obscura
What is a dolly shot?
camera whose wheels are stuck on a track that grips have laid down for a particular shot, and sometimes they're just well-oiled wheels that will go wherever the grip pushes them dolly in or dolly out, that is, move toward or away from a stationary subject.
D.W. Griffith's Birth of a Nation, one of the first and most celebrated in feature-length narrative films in history, is well-known for ________.
celebrating the birth of the Ku Klux Klan.
Early Blaxploitation films were characterized by ________.
charismatic Black heroes who promoted images of Black power and pride.
During the production of a movie, light is controlled and manipulated by the ________ to achieve expressive effects.
cinematographer
The relationship between the actor and director is, or should be ______
collaborative
what did birth of a nation reaffirm
contemporary, hegemonic idea of race in America. It presented the subjugation of Black people to white people as the "natural order of things" by showing audiences the danger of upending that order
Sound editing
control every aspect of the sound in the cinematic experience. involves creating all of the sounds that weren't recorded on set to make up the rich soundscape of the finished motion picture. I
a fluorescent tube light in a ceiling fixture gives off a ________light
cooler, bluer
Today's actors' earnings are most influenced by their ________.
d. popularity with audiences
180-degree system- continuity editing blocks.
defines an axis of action, an imaginary line that runs through the characters in a scene, that the camera cannot cross: Once the master shot establishes which side of the action the camera will capture, the coverage must stay on that side throughout the scene. The camera can rotate 180 degrees around its subject, but if it crosses that imaginary line and inches past 180 degrees, the subjects in the frame will reverse positions and will no longer be looking at each other from shot to shot.
color temperature is measured in _________
degrees kelvin
Birth of a Nation by D. W. Griffith (regarding race)
depicts the "horrific" results of giving freed slaves and African Americans the right to vote and hold political office. Blackface actors are portrayed as power-hungry rapists and murderers, unfit for freedom.
Lenses also allow cinematographers to control the depth of the image allowing us to see everything in the background and foreground equally, this refers to
depth of Field
economic film approach
determines the effectiveness and worthiness of a film based on the amount of money used to produce the film. features economics and its social implications as a central theme. examines individual decisions of people such us why some choose movies over other en- tertainment options and how do people choose what movies to watch
Vocal sounds/ Dialogue
dominate most films
Most film sounds are constructed ________.
during postproduction
Sexploitation films
embraced one small part of the movement, the sexual liberation of women. These films managed to both undermine the movement by using sexual freedom as an excuse to further objectify women's bodies, and conveniently ignore every other issue important to second wave feminists. like Sex and the Single Girl (1964) and How to Stuff a Wild Bikini (1965) (not to mention the lower-budget, grindhouse films that were more akin to pornography)
method acting
emotionally oriented, committed to an emotional realism, sometimes at the expense of whatever might be in the script. It began in Russia at the end of the 19th century with a theater director, Konstantin Stanislavski, upending centuries of classical technique by encouraging his actors to let go of their grip on the text and trust their own emotional experience to guide their performance. The result was a more inward-looking, internal, often improvisational approach to acting, not to mention a more naturalistic style, and it became a slow-moving revolution in stage and screen performance throughout the 20th century.
classical acting
emphasis on the text and the precision of performance rooted in the British tradition of Shakespearean performance relies heavily on the text, the script itself, rather than the actor's own emotional history action-oriented, caring more about what they are doing in the scene than what they are feeling, and precise, with little room for improvisation.
meisner technique acting
employs the same commitment to naturalism, but adds a new emphasis on being in the moment, acting and reacting instead of thinking. (In that sense, the Meisner Technique is a hybrid between the Classical School and the Method.) Acting technique designed to create honest characters in imaginary circumstances
In film analysis, the term mise-en-scène refers to:
everything the audience sees, hears, and experiences while viewing a movie. The overall look of the production including set design, costume, make-up
The overall distance between the sensor and the point at which the light passes through those glass elements is called
focal length
Cinematographic properties of the shot controlled by the DP include: _______, _______, and _______
film stock, lighting, and lenses
A ______________ is less complex and is usually only there to serve the other character's journey.
flat character
Digital sound has a greater _________ in recording, editing, and mixing.
flexibility
Sound pitch/ level
frequency (or speed) with which it is produced.
Lev Kuleshov (Kuleshov Effect)
had a hunch that the power of cinema was not found in any one shot, but in the juxtaposition of shots. So, he performed an experiment. He cut together a short film and showed it to audiences in 1918. The audience was projecting their own emotion and meaning onto the actor's expression because of the juxtaposition of the other images.
What is a wide angle?
having a short focal length and hence a field covering a wide angle.
The _______ the degree Kelvin, the cooler, more "blue" the light.
higher
What form of vertical integration was employed by studios in the 1930s to monopolize the theater profits in the 1930s?
hollywood studio system The Big Five
80's Slasher films
horror sub-genre arguably got its start in the late 70s with John Carpenter's Halloween (1978) (or even earlier for horror purists who point to Black Christmas and Texas Chainsaw Massacre, both from 1974), but really hit its stride in the 80s with Prom Night (1980) Friday the 13th (1980), A Nightmare on Elm Street (1984) and a host of sequels and knockoffs that continue to this day. a familiar pattern develops. A group of young men and women gathers at a cabin, a lake house, a suburban neighborhood, and test the boundaries of moral purity through drinking, drugs, and most often, sex. One by one they are brutally killed by a faceless killer, as if being punished for their transgressions. Until the last victim. Almost always a woman. And almost always the one character who remained pure, who didn't drink or engage in sex. And it's that character that either escapes with her life or overcomes the faceless killer. Madonna-Wh*re Complex anyone? The trope became so common we gave the character a name: The Final Girl:
180-degree system
imaginary line in any scene which contains two or more actors there is an invisible line. The camera can move anywhere in the scene, provided it stays on one side of this line.
Master shots
includes all of the actors and action in one frame from start to finish
social aspects film approach
includes issues such as, gender, racial, political, and environmental. EX- the feminist film theory conveys a negative approach toward women.
round character
is a complex, often conflicted character with a deep internal life who usually undergoes some kind of change over the course of the story
Who is the 1st assistant camera (1st AC)?
is responsible for the camera components, swapping out lenses, and most importantly, keeping the camera in focus.
Design
is the process by which the look of settings, props, lighting, and actors is determined
eye-line match cuts
join two comparatively objective shots. cut from a shot of a character looking off camera to a shot of whatever it is they are looking at
The ________ the focal length, the narrower the angle of view and the greater the magnification.
longer
The _______ the degree Kelvin, the warmer, or more "red" the light.
lower
Low key (chiaroscuro) lots of shadows, film noir
lowering or removing the key light and relying more on indirect, relatively hard fill and back lights, you create deep shadows and high contrast in a scene. lack of a dominant key light, not because it's laid back), used to evoke mystery and even terror.
chiaroscuro
lowkey lighting ratio(balance between key and fill) between lights and darks is harsh
What is a telephoto lens?
magnify an image or make an object seem closer than it really is
Key light
main source of illumination usually the brightest light on the set, used to properly expose the main subject. But just one bright light will feel like a spotlight, creating unwanted shadows
laura mulvey
male gaze film theorist who wrote "Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema," a pivotal essay that helped clarify how hegemonic patriarchy worked, specifically in cinema. It was like pulling back the curtain to see how meaning was manipulated and by whom. And she did it by giving it a name: The Male Gaze.
Sound designing
more complex describes everything that has to do with how film and video professionals create and use sound in a film or video project. everything that a professional sound designer might do from Foley work and sound effects to dialogue and music for film
High angle
omniscient domineering
vertical shot
produces an image that is taller than it is wide
One of the first and most important collaborators hired by a director is the ________, who helps develop the overall look of a movie.
production designer
Camera angle
relationship between the subject being photographed and the level and height of the camera.
_______ matters in how mintorities are written in films
representation
__________________ refers to stories that never leave the protagonist, RESTRICTING our access to any other character unless they are in the same space as our hero.
restricted narration
Contemporary Black Cinema
right now growing everyday
antagonist
role is to stop the hero from reaching their goal
A ______________ is more complex and often conflicted; They will likely go through a transformation during the film.
round character
what is Blackface?
satirizing Black culture
The _______ the focal length, the wider the angle of view and the smaller the magnification
shorter
_______ refers to the scenes shot in a way that do not follow the linear narrative of the script
shot out of sequence
Montage
shot sequence depicting condensed events Sergei Eisenstein simply the French term for "assembly" or "editing"
What is a tilt shot?
simply moving the camera up or down from a fixed point, usually a tripod
What is a pan shot?
simply rotating the camera from side to side, also from a fixed point.
Ellipsis
slices out time or events we don't need to see to follow the story
Who is the Digital Imaging Technician (DIT)?
solely responsible for organizing the digital files coming off the camera. And that can include quality control and color correction during the shoot.
aesthetic film approach
sometimes called the masterpiece approach or great man approach. Seeks to evaluate individual movies and or directors using criteria that assess their artistic significance and influence. primary interest = movies that are not only works of art but also widely acknowledged masterpieces. represents the premise of viewing a movie or film as a whole
When we talk about the use of sound in cinema we talk about it in terms of _____
sound design
Marcia Belsky
started a social media campaign to highlight a trend in Hollywood advertising: they like to chop women's heads off. Her Tumblr The Headless Women of Hollywood is an endless scroll of headless women in film and tv series advertisements. the height of objectification A woman's body, or even just one body part, is isolated as an object of visual pleasure (see The Male Gaze).
Shot / reverse shot
starts with a shot of a character, and then cuts to a shot of what or who that character is looking at (the reverse of the angle from the first shot), and finally cuts back to the initial shot to show the character's reaction.
Establishing shot- extreme long shot
subject appears far away communicates a sense of disconnection or emotional distance from the subject
Any lens above 70mm is considered a ________ lens because it greatly magnifies the image.
telephoto
Split screen
telling multiple stories within the same frame.
Madonna vs. Wh*re complex
term first coined by Sigmund Freud. It represents the dichotomy of the Madonna—a wholly virtuous, pure, and chaste woman—and the wh*re—a promiscuous, seductive, and degraded woman. The issue with this understanding of female sexuality lies in its polarization and assumptions. inability to maintain sexual arousal within a committed, loving relationship
Cinematic Language
the accepted systems, methods, or conventions by which the movies communicate with the viewer. Visual Lexicon
Post production sounds
the creation and manipulation of audio that is synchronized with moving picture. This includes, but is often distinguished from production audio, which is the audio recorded as filming occurs involves sound design, sound effects, Foley, ADR, sound editing, audio mixing, mastering etc.
Who is sometimes in charge of keeping the camera in focus?
the focus puller
Color: Warm/ Cool
the higher the degrees kelvin, the cooler and more blue the light is and vice versa
Ku Klux Klan in Birth of a Nation
the hooded heroes who save the day, protecting whites from African Americans voters fabricating a narrative of the them as the (white) saviors of democracy in the south wrapped a lie in the persuasive power of mass media
The long and medium shot are names that refer to ________.
the implied distance between the camera lens and the subject being filmed
first motion picture
the lumiere brothers
protagonist
the main character who has a goal and is confronted with obstacles
Sound mixing
the mixing of the sound elements to achieve the proper balance between music, dialogue, sound effects, and any other elements
second act
the obstacles usually about twice as long as act one Our protagonist must confront and overcome obstacles(from the antagonist or internal) the STAKES ARE RISING every time. there's usually a midpoint, right around page/minute 55 or 60, where the protagonist has a choice: they can turn back, give up on the pursuit of the goal, or double-down and never look back. But by the end of act two, around page/minute 85 or 90, our protagonist meets their biggest obstacle yet. In fact, it seems to seal their fate. All hope is lost. They, and we, feel they will never reach their goal after all.
point of view editing
the process of editing different shots together in such a way that the resulting sequence makes us aware of the perspective or point of view of a particular character or group of characters
color temperature
the quality and color of a light source (measured in kelvin)
What is the depth of Field?
the range of distance in front of a camera and its lens in which subjects are in apparent sharp focus.
third act
the resolution usually about the same length as act one all about our protagonist rallying to overcome that last obstacle leading to a climactic showdown and a resolution to their story. Usually that means they reach the goal defined in act one or clarifies a new goal, or they realize they always had what they were searching for and just needed to see it in themselves
A ________ shot is when the camera is mounted on a dolly to move smoothly along with the action.
tracking
femme fatale
the righteous if fatally flawed detective, and the beautiful if emotionally damaged temptress typically set the story in motion, stepping into the (male) protagonist's life with a tale of woe, desperate for his help, but usually hiding a secret that could get them both killed. Sometimes the Femme Fatale would wind up behind bars or dead, and sometimes they could be redeemed and live happily ever after. But that was the point. You never quite knew if you could trust them, they were mysterious, morally ambiguous, and most importantly, didn't seem to know their place.
first act
the setup includes: inciting incident generally runs the first 25 to 30 minutes of screen time, introduces the protagonist, sets up their world, and clarifies the goal might introduce a central antagonist typically we know who we're rooting for at the end of act 1, what they want, and what's in their way. Maybe they've resisted going on the journey to that point, by the end of act one, they are launched into act two, sometimes against their will.
Aspect Ratio
the width of the frame relative to its height. The current standard for motion pictures is 16:9, or 1.78:1, a rectangle that is almost twice as wide as it is tall. But
type-casting
to assign (an actor or actress) repeatedly to the same type of role, as a result of the appropriateness of their appearance or previous success in such roles. EX- The Rock
Camera setup- one position
to move the camera - and everything associated with it - to a new shot, sometimes just a slightly different angle on the same scene. New set-ups require everyone on the crew to jump into action, re-arranging the camera, the lights, the set dressing, etc.
What is the job of the cinematographer?
to translate the director's vision into usable footage
floodlights
type of artificial light A lamp and reflector in a box, with no lens
focusable spotlights
type of artificial light designed for pattern projection and creating sharp beam edges. Most have shutters which can be closed down to crop the pattern of light and can accept patterns called cookies, cucoloruses, or gobos which project patterns on backgrounds.
When actors are repeatedly given particular kinds of roles based on their looks rather than their talent or experience, they are ________.
typecast
The Stanislavsky system of acting trained students to:
understand their characters' background and psychology.
Back light
usually a hard light that shines on the back of a subject's head (also called a hair light), to create some separation(depth) between the subject and the background.
the final girl
usually a virgin, last person in a horror film, usually kills the monster According to Clover, many horror films have a ________________________ (2 words) that kills the monster, survives and restores order.
Fill light
usually less intense and a bit softer than the key light, to fill out those shadows. But those two lights shining on the front of your subject can make the scene feel a bit two-dimensional
a typical household incandescent light bulb uses a tungsten filament to produce light. That light usually has a _________ glow to it
warm, orange
Point-of-view shots include shots that show us
what a character is looking at from their approximate position
Any lens below 35mm is generally considered a ______ lens because of its relatively short focal length
wide-angled
_______ lens tends to exaggerate the perceived spatial relationship between the subject and the camera.
wide-angled
Sets- Soundstage-
windowless, soundproofed, interior shooting environment
what are the two types of lenses?
zoom prime