Final

List the compression depth

compression depth should be about 1½ inches; for a child, about 2 inches; and for an adult, at least 2 inches.

You are preparing to deliver ventilations to an adult patient experiencing respiratory arrest. You should give 1 ventilation every:

5 to 6 sec

The appropriate care is to deliver 1 ventilation every 5 to 6 seconds for an adult patient or ____seconds for a child or infant, with each ventilation lasting about 1 second and making the chest rise. *respiratory arrest.

every 3 to 5

You are alone performing high-quality CPR when a second provider arrives to take over compressions. When switching roles, you should minimize interruptions in chest compressions to less than how many seconds?

10 sec To provide high-quality chest compressions, you must use correct hand placement and body position, compress at a proper depth and rate, allow full chest recoil and minimize interruptions to less than 10 seconds.

What is the correct rate of compressions is the same among adults, children and infants?

100 to 120 per minute.

You and another provider are caring for a patient who is in cardiac arrest. You suspect that your patient has overdosed on an opioid. When should you administer intranasal naloxone?

After initiating CPR If the patient is in cardiac arrest and you suspect an opioid overdose, begin CPR immediately. Use the AED as soon as it's available, and administer naloxone if your facility protocol allows. If you are alone and do not have a mobile device available, perform CPR for about 2 minutes before leaving to call for additional resources. Remember, providing high-quality CPR is the priority over administering naloxone during cardiac arrest.

During a resuscitation, the team leader assigns team roles and tasks to each member. You recognize that a task has been overlooked. Which is the most appropriate action?

Alert the team leader immediately and identify for them what task has been overlooked. A team member should always communicate with a team leader if they feel they are lacking any knowledge or skills, if they identify something the team leader may have overlooked or if they recognize a dangerous situation or need for urgent action. This is also a critical aspect of crew resource management; when a problem arises, team members should get the team leader's attention, state their concern, describe the problem as they see it and suggest a solution.

The systematic and continuous approach to providing emergent patient care includes which three elements?

Assess, Recognize and Care concept is a continuous cycle. A patient's condition can change rapidly, and deterioration can follow; therefore, frequent reassessment, recognition and care are critical. Some steps are completed simultaneously, and you should repeat these steps until the patient is stabilized, is transferred to a higher level of care for further management, or both.

You and two nurses have been performing CPR on a 72-year-old patient, Ben Phillips. When Mr. Phillips shows signs of ROSC, where should you perform the pulse check?

It is appropriate to check the carotid or femoral pulse when an adult patient shows signs of ROSC and multiple providers are present.

You suspect that an unresponsive patient has sustained a neck injury. Which technique should you use to open the patient's airway?

Modified jaw-thrust maneuver When a patient has a suspected head, neck or spinal injury, use the modified jaw-thrust maneuver to open the airway.

You are alone and caring for a 9-month-old infant with an obstructed airway who becomes unresponsive. Which action should you perform first?

Provide 30 chest compressions. During care for an unresponsive infant, you must first initiate CPR starting with chest compressions. Between compressions and ventilations, you must look in the infant's mouth for the object that is obstructing the airway, and remove it if you can see it. You should never perform a blind finger sweep.

A well-organized team response when performing high-quality CPR includes ensuring that providers switch off performing compressions every _____ minutes.

Providers should switch off performing compressions every 2 minutes—or sooner if the compressor becomes fatigued or the AED begins analyzing.

You and your co-worker Jake are operating a BVM during multiple-provider CPR for an adult. You manage the airway while Jake delivers ventilations. Which statement correctly describes the appropriate technique for operating the BVM?

Seal the mask with two hands using the E-C technique. To seal the mask, position two hands around the mask, forming a "C" with your thumbs and index fingers and an "E" with the last three fingers on each hand. Then seal the mask completely around the patient's mouth and nose by lifting the jaw into the mask. Be sure to maintain an open airway in a past-neutral position. When delivering ventilations, depress the bag about halfway to deliver a volume of 400 to 700 mL. Provide smooth, effortless ventilations that last about 1 second and make the chest begin to rise. Remember, ventilations that are too fast or have too much volume can be dangerous.

what is the Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Chain of Survival?

Surveillance and prevention Recognition of a cardiac emergency and activation of the emergency response system Early CPR to keep oxygen-rich blood flowing and to help delay brain damage and death Early defibrillation to help restore an effective heart rhythm and significantly increase the patient's chance for survival Integrated post-cardiac arrest care to optimize ventilation and oxygenation and treat hypotension immediately after the return of spontaneous circulation As the third link of the Adult In-Hospital Cardiac Chain of Survival, early CPR keeps oxygen-rich blood flowing and helps delay brain damage and death. It should be initiated immediately, starting with compressions, once cardiac arrest is recognized.

You are providing care for Mrs. Bove, who has an endotracheal tube in place. How does this affect compressions and ventilations?

The team should provide ventilations at a rate of 1 ventilation every 6 seconds without pausing compressions. If an advanced airway is in place, one provider delivers 1 ventilation every 6 seconds. At the same time, a second provider performs compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 per minute. In this case, the compression-to-ventilation ratio of 30:2 does not apply because compressions and ventilations are delivered continuously with no interruptions.

What is a reason you would choose to perform chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts for an adult with an obstructed airway?

You might not be able to reach far enough around the patient, they might be pregnant, or they may be in a bed or wheelchair with features that make abdominal thrusts difficult to do. Or abdominal thrusts just might not be effective. If this is the case, use chest thrusts, back blows, airway management techniques or all three to dislodge the object from the airway. Remember, follow your facility's protocols when implementing alternate techniques.

How is a child defined in terms of CPR care?

Someone from the age of 1 to the onset of puberty A child is defined as someone from the age of 1 year to the onset of puberty, as evidenced by breast development in girls and underarm hair development in boys (usually around the age of 12). When providing BLS care, follow child guidelines and use appropriately sized equipment.

You are alone caring for a 4-month-old infant who has gone into cardiac arrest. Which is the most effective CPR technique to perform until help arrives?

Standing to the side of the infant, provide chest compressions using the two-finger technique and deliver ventilations with a pocket mask. When you are alone and performing CPR on an infant, use the two-finger technique. Standing to the side of the infant, place two fingers of your hand closest to the infant's feet in the center of the exposed chest, just below the nipple line on the sternum. Then provide 30 chest compressions. Compress to about 1½ inches deep at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute. As you do this, allow for complete chest recoil. Deliver 2 ventilations using a pocket mask.