Final bio 101

The lowest layer of the atmosphere, from sea level to about 7.4 miles, is the:

Troposphere

Nitrogen gas in the atmosphere is converted to forms of nitrogen usable by vegetation via:

fixation

Many plant species produce flowers of a certain color and shape to attract Honeybees. These plants produce nectar, and the bees transport pollen from one plant to another while searching for nectar. This is an example of:

mutualism

A branching web of hyphae is a:

mycelium

If we find an orange plant that lacks chlorophyll living on a green plant, it is likely that the orange plant is a:

parasite

Humans function primarily at which trophic levels?

primary consumers and secondary consumers

The population of carnivore has doubled this year. Predict what will likely happen o the population of its prey over the next twelve months

It is likely to decrease

Barnacles are filter-feeding molluscs that live by filtering plankton from seawater. This is a description of the barnacles':

Niche

Cnidarians typically obtain food by:

Stinging and pulling prey to the mouth with tentacles

Phytoplankton are:

producers

CO2 makes up about ______ percent of the atmosphere.

0.035

Choose the characteristic associated with the top predator who is also a keystone species.

A species whose loss may alter diversity within the community

About how much of the atmosphere is composed of nitrogen?

78 percent

As a general rule, for each jump up in a trophic level, about how much does the available energy drop

90 percent

Which major problem for land-based ecosystems would result from Global warming

A danger would result for species that cannot migrate in response to habitat change.

Which of the following statements is true?

About 2.5% of earths water is fresh at any given time

Which of the following would be a valid characteristics of animals that may also be shared by other groups of organisms?

All animals are multicellular

Which of the following would produce an ecosystem with a smaller number of trophic levels:

An ecosystem small in size and biomass

Which organisms accomplish most of the work of converting atmospheric nitrogen into a form Usable to green plants

Bacteria and Archaea

A harmless moth that resembles a poisonous wasp is an example of

Batesian mimicry

What is the term for movement of water and nutrients biotic and abiotic portions of an ecosystem

Biogeochemical cycling

The Venus flytrap is a photosynthetic plant that can reap and eat small insects. The Venus flytrap is a

Both producer and secondary consumer

Which group is most closely related to the echinoderms

Chordates

Generally speaking, the term for the process by which two species drive each other's evolution is:

Coevolution

An interaction in which with one species benefits and the other is not affected is classified as:

Commensalism

Many bromeliads are epiphytes on the bark of tropical trees. They do not tap into the vascular system of the trees, but they collect the nutrient-rich water that drips through the canopy of the trees. This is an example of:

Commensalism

The "ozone hole" is caused by the:

Depletion is ozone in the stratosphere by chemicals such as CFCs

Ecosystems in the United States experience seasonality because:

Earth is tilted with respect to the orbit around the sun.

Which of the following animal phyla are most closely related

Echinodermata and Chordata

An accidental spill of a pesticide locally wiped out the most abundant species of butterfly in coastal California. Most of the bird species in the area had fed on this butterfly, but they switched prey to moths, and thus the birds only showed a small decrease in population size. The butterflies were a/an

Ecological dominant, but not a keystone species

On a hike along the desert slope of the sierra Nevada mountains in California, you would notice that there is an abundance of Pinyon Pine and juniper trees. We would identify these two plants as:

Ecological dominants

Which of the following trophic levels could include carnivores

Either the third or fourth

What is the main consideration in determining a trophic level?

Feeding level

Brophytes lack

Gametes

A major difference between gymnosperm and angiosperm seeds is that:

Gymnosperm seeds are not surrounded by fruit

A botanist has found that the giant saguaro, Carnegiea gigantea, lives in dry, sandy areas at altitudes below the freeze line. She has described the __________ of saguaro.

Habitat

The "address" where a species lives within a certain area is identified as its:

Habitat

Which of the following parasites is a roundworm (Nematoda)

Hookworm

Horses and donkeys mate successfully to produce Mules, which are always sterile. Which genetic isolating s Banian is involved here to prevent hordes and donkeys from becoming a single species

Hybrid infertility

Interbreeding two different species of lovebirds produces offspring that are unable to build a nest after they mature because they lack the appropriate innate knowledge needed to carry the nesting materials and build a nest. This limits genetic mixing between the species due to:

Hybrid infertility

A red shouldered hawk chases the falcon away from a dead squirrel. This is an example of:

Interspecific competition

An overwhelming majority of animals are:

Invertebrates

Which of the following is not an advantage of a body cavity

It provides for movement

Which of the following best describes a biome

Large terrestrial regions with similar climate and similar types of plant life

Why have legumes been planted as a cover crop to improve the soil fertility of a field?

Legumes have nitrogen-fixing bacteria in their root nodules.

Which of these is not gametic isolation

Male and female sex organs do not fit together

Which of the following definitions of species most closely fits the biological species concept?

Members of the same species can mate and produce fertile offspring

Keystone species are:

Might be of ant number, anywhere on the food chain.

When faced with a threat, gopher snakes and bull snakes, who have markings similar to rattlesnakes, will "rattle" their tails in brush to sound like a rattlesnake. In this case, the gopher and bull snakes are mimics and the rattle snake is the

Model

Two moths with similar markings each produce a chemical that makes their bird predators sick to their stomach if eaten. Which principle of ecology does this demonstrate?

Müllerian mimicry

The "occupation" of a species in an area is identified as its:

Niche

Which of the following was historically considered to be the biggest limiting factor in worldwide food production up until the last century

Nitrogen

Why are nitrogen and the nitrogen cycle important to living things

Nitrogen is an essential part of proteins, RNA, and DNA.

What is the downside to extensive use of synthesized nitrogen-containing fertilizer

Nitrogen rich runoff contributes to algal blooms and dead zones in bodies of water

A Venus fly trap, a carnivorous plant might be considered a

Pioneer

What do we call the first species that invade a new island that has risen from the ocean

Pioneer species

The phylum of animals that does not show true tissues or symmetry is

Porifera

A landslide in the Oregon cascades causes all the soul in a 30 meter by 300 meter section of the mountain to fall away, taking the trees and their roots and all other vegetation with it. Within three years, however, lichens and some small herbaceous plants can be seen in the surface of the remaining rock. This is an example of:

Primary succession

You are doing biology field work studying two species of lizards on the small volcanic island. Although quite hostile to each other when they accidentally meet, the two species usually remain in separate parts of the island.

Resource partitioning

What role is a wild playing when it eats a rabbit that eats grass on a prairie in Wisconsin?

Secondary consumer

An astounding 20 percent of the worlds freshwater runoff comes from what single source?

The amazon river

The biological species concept can not be applied to bacteria because:

They do not reproduce sexually

The single characteristic that all animals have that other organisms don't is that they:

Undergo a blastula stage in development

Photosynthesizers take in carbon dioxide, whereas decomposes _____________ carbon dioxide

Yield up

Fungi obtain food by

absorbing predigested material.

Which of the following water uses is estimated to be the highest in human society

agriculture

An advantage that pollen grain evolution gave gymnosperms was:

airborne sperm transport over great distances.

Most angiosperms are pollinated with the help of?

animals

Organisms from which kingdom or domain were the first photosynthesizers

bacteria

Which of the following is a biotic factor in an ecosystem

bacteria

The main decomposers on earth are the

bacteria and fungi

A Characteristic of annelids is:

body segmentation

A major difference between cells of organisms in domain eukarya and the cells of those in domains bacteria and archaea is that:

cells of Domain Eukarya have a nucleus and Domains Bacteria and Archaea do not.

Cell walls of fungi are made of

chitin

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

chloroplasts

When placed in the same habitat, Paramecium aurelia will replace Paramecium caudatum. This is an example of:

competitive exclusion

Groundwater that is trapped between two layers of impermeable rock is called a/an:

confined aquifer

A dung beetle is an example of a

detritivore

Decomposer fungi are examples of a:

detritivore

Biodiversity includes the:

diversity of species in a given area

A small number of species that are abundant in a given community are called:

ecological dominants

Barnacles live on exposed rocks washed over by waves at the shore. This is a description of the barnacles':

habitat

For a parasite living in human skin, the person is the

host

If a hybrid is unable to produce sperm because meiosis does not proceed correctly, gene flow between the populations is restricted by:

hybrid infertility

What major agricultural innovation in the early twentieth century allowed for production of far more food on arable land?

industrial nitrogen fixation

The term "arthropod" best translates as:

jointed leg

In a typical ecosystem, a species whose removal would have a bigger impact than any other would be a/an:

keystone species

The coral organisms on a coral reef cannot be replaced by any other organism. For that reason, we identify those species as:

keystone species

Which characteristic is common to all molluscs?

mantle

Which of the following happens when a new island arises from the ocean and life begins to colonize the island

primary succession

In general, a seed is a:

protected plant embryo with a food supply.

biological species concept is based on:

reproductive isolation

If two species of woodpeckers eat two different kinds of beetle larvae on pine trees in the forest, we would identify that as:

resource partitioning

In interspecific competition, the competitors are generally competing for

resources

Herbivores would usually be placed in which trophic level?

second

Many farms in New England were abandoned in the 1800s as settlers reached the more fertile grasslands of the Midwest. These farms had been planted in different crops, but within five to ten years the farms appeared to have similar herbaceous and small tree species on them. This is an example of

secondary succession

Bilateral symmetry refers to distribution of body parts

similarly on right and left sides

pollen grains contain

sperm

Two different species of pines release their pollen at different times. This is an example of:

temporal isolationist

net primary production is:

the amount of material a plant accumulates as a result of photosynthesis

Which of the following is an example of coevolution?

the reliance of flowers and bees on each other

Which would be a fact supporting the hypothesis that echinoderms such as sea stars evolved into radial symmetry from bilateral symmetry?

their larvae have bilateral symmetry

The two main processes that return water to the atmosphere are evaporation and:

transpiration

CO2 is a greenhouse gas because it:

traps long-wave heat energy near Earth's lower atmosphere

One of the proposed solutions to global warming is to grow a large number of trees. This could be effective because:

trees would move carbon from CO2 in the atmosphere to organic molecules