Final EMS

You are treating a patient with active tuberculosis. What will afford you the best protection from the disease while you care for the patient? High-efficiency particulate aspirator mask Purified protein derivative injection Gloves, gown, and goggles Surgical mask with a face shield

High-efficiency particulate aspirator mask

At a bare minimum, which type of personal protective equipment should be worn by EMS providers at any emergency scene involving a shooting? Gown Face mask Goggles Gloves

Gloves

A prehospital care report reads: "GSW to LLQ." Based on this, you should recognize that the patient sustained a(n): Puncture to the left chest Bullet injury to the left chest Injury to the left torso Gunshot to the lower left abdomen

Gunshot to the lower left abdomen

When getting a refusal from a patient who does not want the services of EMS providers, it is critical for the EMT to complete which step? Have the patient sign and date the refusal form Make sure that the patient is younger than 65 years Make sure the patient has another way to get to the hospital Make sure that the hospital is notified

Have the patient sign and date the refusal form

A patient described as dysphagic presents a: Having difficulty swallowing Being unable to speak Having difficulty breathing Exhibiting a painful cough

Having difficulty swallowing

The bones of the upper extremities include the: Phalanges and tibia Radius, ulna, and tarsals Humerus and radius Humerus and calcaneus

Humerus and radius

A patient with bronchitis is experiencing: Accumulation of mucus in the trachea Infection of the alveoli Fluid in the trachea and bronchioles Inflammation of the bronchi

Inflammation of the bronchi

An effective and reliable communication system is essential to the EMT and the EMS system because: It allows hospitals to better prepare for the arrival of a patient The safety of an EMT is guaranteed at a dangerous scene EMTs are better able to assess patients It has been shown to decrease the number of lawsuits against EMS providers

It allows hospitals to better prepare for the arrival of a patient

One advantage of using the wheeled stretcher is: It can be adjusted to different positions or heights It rolls smoothly over rough terrain It can be safely moved by one EMT with a patient on it It cannot become unbalanced on a slope or rough terrain

It can be adjusted to different positions or heights

When lifting or moving any patient, the EMT must remember to primarily use the muscles of his or her: Arms Legs Abdomen Back

Legs

When an EMT places his palm and all fingers in contact with the object being lifted, he is using the: Lock grip Power grip Power lift Squat grip

Power grip

A patient states that he has had a headache located in his forehead for three days. The EMT should recognize and document this piece of information as a(n): Objective symptom Pertinent negative Subjective finding Provoking factor

Subjective finding

An 89-year-old female patient has fallen in her living room and has pain in her left hip. As you approach, you note that she is on her back with her left leg turned inward. When relaying this information to the receiving hospital, how would you describe her position? Supine with left rotation of the right leg Lateral recumbent with dorsal rotation of the left leg Supine with lateral rotation of the left lower extremity Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity

Supine with medial rotation of the left lower extremity

An EMT understands "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) orders and living wills when she states: "A DNR applies to resuscitation issues only, such as when a patient stops breathing or the heart ceases to beat, whereas a living will pertains to long-term life support care and equipment." "If the patient has a living will, it can legally be used as a substitute for a DNR order by the EMT as long as it is properly dated and signed." "A living will is a form of DNR; only a living will states exactly how the patient wants to be resuscitated." "If a patient has a valid DNR, the EMT should withhold all care and transport the patient to the hospital. If a living will is present, the EMT should do exactly what it says."

"A DNR applies to resuscitation issues only, such as when a patient stops breathing or the heart ceases to beat, whereas a living will pertains to long-term life support care and equipment."

Which of these is an open-ended question? "Did you get sweaty when the pain started?" "Can you describe the pain to me?" "Who is your primary care physician?" "What time did the pain begin?"

"Can you describe the pain to me?"

Which statement is most appropriate to relay after establishing radio contact with the destination emergency department to which you are transporting a patient? "En route to your facility with a 73-year-old male complaining of dizziness." "Inbound with a 52-year-old suffering from a myocardial infarction." "En route with a drug addict who has overdosed on an unspecified amount of heroin." "Five minutes out with Mr. John Panzer, who called us today for high blood pressure."

"En route to your facility with a 73-year-old male complaining of dizziness."

A patient with terminal lung cancer has called EMS for shortness of breath. At the request of your paramedic partner, you are obtaining the patient's blood pressure. While inflating and then deflating the blood pressure cuff, the patient angrily shouts, "That thing is too tight! What are you trying to do-send me to the funeral home early?" Your best reply would be: "Do not yell at me. There is no need for yelling and I do not appreciate it." "Why are you so mad at me? I am just trying to help you." "I have to get your blood pressure. The paramedic needs it." "I know that this is tight and uncomfortable, but I am almost done now."

"I know that this is tight and uncomfortable, but I am almost done now."

After 20 minutes of performing CPR on a 65-year-old female with end-stage multiple sclerosis, your medical director orders you to stop resuscitation and inform the family that the patient has died. The family members are upset and crying. You notice the patient's daughter holding her hand. Your immediate response would be: "I know that you are upset, but it is best not to touch her since she just passed." "It's important not to touch her since she may be infectious from her disease." "It's okay to hold her hand." "It's okay to hold her hand, but you should really use gloves like we do."

"It's okay to hold her hand."

What statement would you expect to hear from a patient who has accepted the fact that he is terminally ill and will die sooner than later? "I have no energy to even think anymore." "It's okay. I am not afraid." "It is just not fair." "I cannot go on like this any longer."

"It's okay. I am not afraid."

When asked, an alert and oriented 44-year-old male tells you that he called 911 because "my chest is hurting." The man is also sweating and feels as if he is going to vomit. He has a history of high blood pressure and states that this pain "feels just like my heart attack two years ago." His pulse is 88 beats per minute, respirations are 18 breaths per minute, and blood pressure is 156/92 mmHg. On room air, he has an oxygen saturation level of 95 percent. Based on this information, how would you document his chief complaint on the patient care report? Chest pain with an elevated BP Myocardial infarction Possible heart attack "My chest is hurting."

"My chest is hurting."

Which statement shows that you have a good understanding of your role and responsibilities related to being an EMT? "My safety comes first, and then the patient's safety." "The patient's needs come before anyone else's needs." "At the scene of an emergency, my responsibility is to get to the patient no matter what." "As an EMT, I recognize that the public's safety comes before the safety of me or my partner."

"My safety comes first, and then the patient's safety."

You have been called for a 2-year-old female with an arm injury. The child presents with deformity and bruising to her left forearm. When asked, the mother states that the child fell from the bed, but the father states that his daughter fell down the stairs. Given the inconsistent stories, you are suspicious of child abuse. Which narrative would be most appropriate when documenting this situation? "Mother and father cannot agree on how their daughter got the bruise and deformity to the arm." "Patient has injuries consistent with child abuse; the mother and father cannot determine how the patient was injured." "Patient fell off of bed injuring left arm-per mother; patient fell down stairs injuring left arm-per father." "Patient appears to be abused; the police will be called and the physician in the ED will be notified."

"Patient fell off of bed injuring left arm-per mother; patient fell down stairs injuring left arm-per father."

You are doing CPR on a male patient who is unresponsive, not breathing, and pulseless. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) were on scene first and applied the AED, which did not deliver a shock to the patient. The patient's wife is crying and asks how her husband is doing. Your response would be: "Right now he is not breathing and his heart is not beating, but we are doing everything we possibly can for him." "Why don't we wait until we get to the hospital to talk about your husband's condition?" "I am not a doctor, but his current condition is very grave and he will likely die, based on my previous experiences." "I have to be honest, he is probably dead, but we are going to take him to the hospital so the doctor can examine him and make sure."

"Right now he is not breathing and his heart is not beating, but we are doing everything we possibly can for him."

When interviewing a patient with a medical emergency, the EMT is using the technique of summary when she says: "So the nausea and vomiting started two days ago, correct?" "I know how you feel. I had the same thing last week." "With one finger, can you point to where it hurts?" "Did you also have diarrhea with the nausea and vomiting?"

"So the nausea and vomiting started two days ago, correct?"

You and two other EMTs are preparing to move a patient down several flights of stairs using a stair chair. After assigning one rescuer to hold the chair at the head and another to hold the chair at the foot facing the patient, you should: Direct movement from behind the EMT at the head "Spot" by standing behind the EMT at the feet Assist the EMT at the patient's feet Assist the EMT at the patient's head

"Spot" by standing behind the EMT at the feet

Which statement reflects the most appropriate way to alert a receiving hospital that you are en route with a patient? "St. Elizabeth Hospital, this is BLS ambulance 104. How do you copy?" "Inbound with a 76-year-old male complaining of dizziness." "Dr. Jackson, this is EMT Mike Bennet, can you hear me?" "St. Margaret's, can you take a report on a person with chest pain?"

"St. Elizabeth Hospital, this is BLS ambulance 104. How do you copy?"

Which statement shows an accurate understanding of the legal aspects of the prehospital care report (PCR)? "The PCR is considered a legal document only when it describes a crime or act of violence." "The PCR may be subpoenaed even if the lawsuit centers on alleged negligence that occurred in the emergency department." "A PCR can be used in a lawsuit only if that lawsuit is filed within six months." "A copy of the PCR should be forwarded to the police anytime law enforcement is involved in the call."

"The PCR may be subpoenaed even if the lawsuit centers on alleged negligence that occurred in the emergency department."

You are caring for a young male patient who has overdosed on an unknown medication and has a decreased level of consciousness. When positioning the patient on the stretcher, which instructions will you give to the Emergency Medical Responders assisting you? "Place him in a supine position and then carefully elevate his feet." "When you move him to the stretcher, put him on his left side." You Answered "He will need to be positioned flat on his back when on the stretcher." "When you put him on the stretcher, elevate his head and chest."

"When you move him to the stretcher, put him on his left side."

Why is using a standard format for relaying medical information to the emergency department important? A standard format reduces the opportunities for forgetting important medical information A standard format assists the EMT in maintaining his or her assessment skills Dispatch is better able to monitor and constructively critique the radio traffic to hospitals The EMS agency can increase its reimbursement from health care insurance companies

A standard format reduces the opportunities for forgetting important medical information

Two days after a call, you realize that you forgot to document that you checked a patient's blood glucose prior to him refusing transport and signing the refusal form. At that time, you did contact medical direction and provide this information to the doctor, prior to him authorizing the patient to refuse. What is now your best course of action? Disregard the mistake since the patient was not transported to the hospital and medical direction was aware of the blood glucose reading Report the error to the State Department of Emergency Medical Services Add an addendum to the report with the correct information, the current date, and the EMT's initials Complete a new refusal form and return to the patient's residence to have him sign this form

Add an addendum to the report with the correct information, the current date, and the EMT's initials

Which patient is appropriately positioned for transport? A hypotensive 48-year-old man in Fowler's position An alert 67-year-old woman with nausea in a sitting position A critically injured 18-month-old child in a car seat A 23-year-old pregnant woman in a supine position

An alert 67-year-old woman with nausea in a sitting position

Kyphosis is best described as: An exaggerated forward curvature of the thoracic spine A distinct lateral curvature of the cervical spine The exaggerated curvature of the lumbar spine A pronounced lateral curvature of the thoracic spine

An exaggerated forward curvature of the thoracic spine

You are transporting a 58-year-old female with terminal breast cancer. While in the ambulance, she becomes tearful yet agitated, and repeatedly asks, "Why me?" Which stage of grieving is she in? Anger Denial Bargaining Depression

Anger

Which patient who refuses treatment should still be transported to the hospital? Answer A 29-year-old female who attempted to cut her wrists earlier during a failed suicide attempt, but now changes her story and states it was an accident A homeless man in his 50s who is dirty and disheveled and has a body-wide rash You Answered 16-year-old female who lives in her parents' house and has a child An alert and oriented 57-year-old male who is having chest pain and is diaphoretic

Answer A 29-year-old female who attempted to cut her wrists earlier during a failed suicide attempt, but now changes her story and states it was an accident

Which of these actions constitutes a breach of the EMT's duty, placing him or her at risk for the charge of negligence? Applying oxygen to a patient who is not complaining of shortness of breath You Answered Transporting an alert and oriented patient who does not want transport to the hospital Answer Obtaining a refusal of care from a patient without obtaining vital signs Obtaining an informed and signed refusal of care form from an alert and oriented patient with abdominal pain

Answer Obtaining a refusal of care from a patient without obtaining vital signs

A female jogger has collapsed on a trail at a public park. A crowd of curious onlookers have collected and are watching as the EMT examines the patient for any life-threatening conditions. After determining that there are none and the patient is stable, the EMT acts as a patient advocate by: Asking curious onlookers to leave the scene Continuing care despite the crowd's presence Informing the crowd that the patient appears to be okay Transporting the patient to the hospital using lights and sirens

Asking curious onlookers to leave the scene

You have been dispatched for a 15-year-old female with a headache. On scene, you find the patient holding her 6-month-old son in her arms. This young mother states that she has had a migraine headache for two days and would like to be transported to the hospital for further evaluation. As an EMT, you should: Obtain a parent's consent to treat the patient, given her age You Answered Refuse transport since the patient does not have a true emergency Treat the patient under the doctrine of implied consent Assess and transport the patient as she desires

Assess and transport the patient as she desires

Which division of the peripheral nervous system is responsible for increasing gastric juice secretions after a person eats a meal? Autonomic Somatic Sympathetic Voluntary

Autonomic

When lifting the stretcher with a patient secured to it, the EMT must avoid which action? Maintaining a straight back Bending over at the waist Contracting the abdominal muscles Lifting with the thigh muscles

Bending over at the waist

You are assessing a patient with an obvious left midshaft femur fracture. The most immediate threat to this patient's survival is: Infection Blood loss Nerve damage Pain

Blood loss

What would be considered an objective patient assessment finding? Complaint of nausea Patient rates pain as 10 out of 10 Blood pressure 114/68 mmHg Complaint of headache for past 12 hours

Blood pressure 114/68 mmHg

The safest and most efficient way of using your body to gain mechanical advantage is: The power lift To call for backup To reduce the distance an object must be used Body mechanics

Body mechanics

Which statement accurately describes the concept of body mechanics? Body mechanics refers to methods that promote using your body in the safest and most efficient way when moving objects or patients Body mechanics describes the personal maintenance of a proper weight and posture so that on-the-job injuries are minimized Body mechanics describes a process by which the EMT can gauge or estimate the type of injuries sustained in a traumatic incident Body mechanics refers to an exercise program designed to increase strength and prevent injuries when lifting or moving patients

Body mechanics refers to methods that promote using your body in the safest and most efficient way when moving objects or patients

Which of following is a disadvantage in using a cell (or mobile) phones as an emergency backup communication system? There is less privacy when using cell phones, as compared to radios Cell (mobile) phones may not be effective in disaster situations Cell (mobile) phones do not offer high-quality sound Cell (mobile) phone use is not monitored by the FCC

Cell (mobile) phones may not be effective in disaster situations

The spinal column is composed of which sections, described in order from most superior to most inferior? Cervical, lumbar, thoracic, sacral, and coccyx Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx Thoracic, lumbar, cervical, coccyx, and sacral Coccyx, lumbar, thoracic, cervical, and sacral

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccyx

Your best protection when an alert and oriented patient with the capacity to make rational decisions refuses EMS care or transport is to: Completely and thoroughly document the incident Inform the patient's family physician of what happened Have your partner sign the refusal form as a witness Contact the patient at a later time to see how she is doing

Completely and thoroughly document the incident

A patient denies difficulty breathing, but displays signs of respiratory distress. You state, "I know that you said you are breathing fine, but you cannot speak more than two to three words at a time without gasping for air." Your response is an example of: Empathy Explanation Confrontation Contradiction

Confrontation

An intoxicated 72-year-old male with an alcoholic history has fallen at home and has a laceration on the back of his head. He states that he does not want treatment and becomes combative when you try to talk to or assess him. What is your next best course of action? Contact medical direction Transport him by permission of family Transport him against his will, but do not provide treatment Have him sign a refusal of care form

Contact medical direction

In preparing the schedule, you have been instructed to pair EMTs in a way that decreases the chance of injury when lifting and moving patients. Given this directive, who would make the best partner for a tall and very strong EMT? A short and very strong EMT A tall and weaker EMT A tall and very strong EMT A short and weaker EMT

Correct! A tall and very strong EMT

As you arrive on scene, an Emergency Medical Responder informs you that the patient has agonal respirations. Based on this description, you would expect the patient's breathing to be: Rapid and shallow Occasional and gasping Deep and fast Irregular and deep

Correct! Occasional and gasping

Which statement about the human anatomy is true? The knee is proximal to the ankle The hand is proximal to the elbow The shoulder is distal to the hand The hip is distal to the knee

Correct! The knee is proximal to the ankle

What is a primary purpose of the modern-day EMS system? Decrease the incidence of death and disability related to injury and illness Provide a means of transport to and from the hospital Provide emergency health care services to medically underserved areas Ensure that all members of society have equal access to hospitals

Decrease the incidence of death and disability related to injury and illness

A reaction to death or dying where the patient asserts "Not me!" is recognized as which stage of grieving? Denial Anger Depression Bargaining

Denial

You have been asked to sit on your service's quality improvement (QI) committee. As a knowledgeable EMT, you recognize that in this role you will be involved in projects that are primarily designed to: Recruit and educate EMTs about the Emergency Medical Services profession Identify and reeducate EMTs who routinely do not provide proper care Develop ways in which the delivery of emergency care can be improved Communicate with insurance companies for increased reimbursement

Develop ways in which the delivery of emergency care can be improved

When completing a paper-based prehospital care report, you accidentally write that a laceration was on the left side of a patient's face when it was actually on the right side of the face. Correcting this mistake would include which step? Carefully use White-Out to cover the term "left" but nothing else in the narrative Color over the term "left" with black ink and write the word "right" next to it Start the entire prehospital care report over from the beginning Draw a single line through the term "left" and write the word "right" next to it

Draw a single line through the term "left" and write the word "right" next to it

An elderly patient is being cared for at home by family members and lies in a hospital-type bed in the living room. After providing necessary care, you prepare to move her from the bed to the stretcher. There is no mechanism that suggests a head, neck, or spinal injury. Which method would be most appropriate in this situation? Draw sheet method Direct carry method Direct lift Extremity lift

Draw sheet method

Which statement about emergency medical services in the United States is true? Each state has governmental control of its own EMS system, independent of the federal government The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services establishes curricula for all levels of EMS education The EMS system is controlled and governed by the National Highway Transport and Safety Administration (NHTSA) The federal government oversees all aspects of EMS in the United States

Each state has governmental control of its own EMS system, independent of the federal government

To ensure your own safety and the safety of your crew, you should: Search each and every patient for weapons Evaluate every scene for danger before entering Request police assistance on all calls Ensure the availability of a paramedic for most medical calls

Evaluate every scene for danger before entering

What is the basic function of the respiratory system? Provide nutrients to the cells absorbed into the bloodstream Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment Transport oxygen throughout the body Release oxygen from the body via hemoglobin sites

Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the environment

Medical direction has advised you to place a patient who is obese and extremely short of breath in a supine position. Knowing that doing so may cause the patient to become even more short of breath, your best action would be to: Explain your concern to the physician and ask for clarification Place the patient in the supine position and expedite transport Contact a different hospital and transport the patient there Ask your partner what she would do

Explain your concern to the physician and ask for clarification

Your partner accidentally uses a profane word when talking to dispatch. Which agency has the power to fine him and the ambulance service? Department of Homeland Security Federal Communications Commission County Board of Commissioners Local police department's division of communications

Federal Communications Commission

A paramedic tells you that a patient with a probable spine injury still retains his plantar reflexes. As a knowledgeable EMT, you should understand that the patient has reflex activity in which part of the body? Arms Fingers Hands Feet

Feet

A patient has fractured bones in his left leg. Which bones could be involved in this injury? Orbit, lumbar, or shin Acetabulum, calcaneus, or carpals Radius, ulna, humerus, or carpals Femur, tibia, or fibula

Femur, tibia, or fibula

You have arrived at the scene of a medical emergency. As you enter the room where the patient is located, you note that he is sitting up and talking without difficulty. Emergency Medical Responders (EMRs) are on scene and providing basic care for the patient. What should you do first? Get the patient's pulse and respiratory rate, along with his blood pressure Get a report from the EMRs Ask the patient's family if he has any past medical problems Place the patient on your stretcher and transfer him to the ambulance

Get a report from the EMRs

Which finding is a beta-1 sympathetic (adrenergic) effect? Bronchodilation Vasoconstriction Vasodilation Increased heart rate

Increased heart rate

A 77-year-old female is unresponsive, but breathing and with a pulse. On scene, a family member hands you an official document stating that the patient does not want feeding tubes, ventilators, or other long-term life support equipment to keep her alive. There is no mention of whether to administer lifesaving drugs or withhold cardiopulmonary resuscitation. You would recognize this document as a(n): Living will document Durable power of attorney "Involuntary Resuscitation" order "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order

Living will document

A patient who has had both her thyroid and parathyroid glands removed would most likely have difficulty with: Maintaining an adequate blood pressure Maintaining strong and healthy bones Producing the hormones that govern sex characteristics Regulating blood sugar

Maintaining strong and healthy bones

After you apply and use the automated external defibrillator, a patient regains his pulse and has adequate respirations. The paramedic asks you to place the patient in a lateral recumbent position. How should you position this patient? On his left side Supine with his head turned left On his stomach On his back

On his left side

If a patient with chest pain takes a daily aspirin, your medical director wants the EMT to contact an emergency department physician first before administering additional aspirin. The act of contacting the emergency department physician by phone or radio for permission to administer additional aspirin is an example of: Off-line medical direction On-line medical direction Quality improvement Indirect medical control

On-line medical direction

You are by the side of a confused patient who has diabetes and a low blood sugar level. You know that the patient needs orally administered sugar, so following your service's guidelines, you call the physician on duty at the hospital emergency department and request permission to administer it. This request is an example of: Off-line medical direction Medical cooperation On-line medical direction Standing orders

On-line medical direction

When providing a lengthy radio report, the most important reason to pause every 30 seconds is so that: The person receiving the message can write down what you are saying Other people can use the radio for emergency transmissions that may arise The person receiving the message has time to think about what you are saying The repeater can process and transmit all that you are saying

Other people can use the radio for emergency transmissions that may arise

As defined by the National EMS Scope of Practice Model, the four levels of EMS practitioners include: Ambulance drivers Emergency medical dispatchers Paramedics EMS medical director

Paramedics

Organisms that cause diseases are called: Antibodies Pathogens Toxins Antigens

Pathogens

Once a scene is free of safety hazards, the EMT must recognize and focus on the needs of the: Rescuers Patient Bystanders Family

Patient

You have arrived at the scene of a medical emergency and find a woman lying on the floor of a grocery store. As you approach her, you know that your first priority as an EMT is: Public safety Personal safety Patient care Patient advocacy

Personal safety

EMS providers must report which of these suspected events to law enforcement? Alcohol abuse and child abuse Drug addiction and drug-related crimes Physical and mental abuse Refusal of EMS services

Physical and mental abuse

An alert and oriented patient complaining of a severe headache is refusing all treatment as well as transport by the EMTs. After having signed the refusal, the patient suddenly seizes and becomes unresponsive prior to EMS providers leaving the home. The EMT should: Contact medical direction for permission to treat Provide care under the guideline of implied consent Honor the patient's wishes and leave the scene Place the patient into the family's car for transport to the hospital

Provide care under the guideline of implied consent

The county dispatch center where you work employs emergency medical dispatchers (EMDs) as call takers. Using EMDs as opposed to a person who is just a "call taker" enables the dispatch center to: Properly utilize an enhanced 911 call-taking system Use computer technology when dispatching the closest ambulance Provide medical instructions to the caller prior to the arrival of EMS personnel Process all emergency calls, including those asking for police, fire, and EMS assistance

Provide medical instructions to the caller prior to the arrival of EMS personnel

A young male patient has suffered a gunshot wound to the head. Realizing that there is little chance for survival, the EMT notes that the patient is a potential organ donor. The patient is unresponsive and breathing 4 times per minute on scene. The EMT initiates positive-pressure ventilation. En route to the hospital, the patient stops breathing and loses a pulse. Since the patient is a potential organ donor, the EMT should: Ventilate the patient but not provide chest compressions Perform CPR but not use the automated external defibrillator Stop any and all resuscitation measures since this is a trauma arrest Provide the same resuscitation as for a person who is not an organ donor

Provide the same resuscitation as for a person who is not an organ donor

A distraught husband awoke to find his 26-year-old wife not breathing and cold to the touch. Since your assessment indicates that the woman has been dead for some time, you contact medical direction for authorization to withhold emergency care. The medical director agrees and the coroner is notified. At this time, your immediate responsibility is: Determining the cause of death Preparing for the next call Providing supportive care to the husband Establishing the time of death

Providing supportive care to the husband

While transferring a patient from her house to the ambulance on the wheeled cot, one of the EMTs slips on a patch of ice and falls. The stretcher overturns, and the patient suffers a broken wrist as a result. She files a lawsuit in civil court alleging negligence. For the patient, what will be the most difficult component of negligence to prove? Duty to act Implied consent Proximate cause Damage

Proximate cause

A small car and a tanker truck loaded with gasoline have collided. The car is lodged under the tanker, the car engine is smoking, and the threat of fire is significant. After being waved in by the fire department, assessment reveals the patient to be unresponsive with a patent airway, but breathing with difficulty at 8 times per minute. In caring for this patient, your immediate action should be to: Immediately start positive pressure ventilation and place a vest immobilization device for extrication Promptly open the airway and suction prior to moving the patient Rapidly extricate the patient and provide care away from the wreckage Quickly obtain vital signs and then extricate the patient from the car

Rapidly extricate the patient and provide care away from the wreckage

You are dispatched to a motor vehicle collision on a remote country road. It is night, and your scene size-up reveals a heavily damaged car that rolled several times. The driver has been ejected and is lying prone in the middle of the road. In this situation, which type of protective clothing is it most essential that you don prior to making patient contact? Protective helmet Reflective vest Rubber-soled boots Leather gloves

Reflective vest

You are involved in a lawsuit over a stabbing that occurred six months ago. Since you work in a busy EMS system and some time has passed, your recollection of the incident in spotty. In this situation, your best means of remembering what occurred would be to: Review the prehospital care report Meet and discuss the incident with other witnesses Confer with your partner at the time Obtain and review the police report

Review the prehospital care report

A patient tells you that he has been feeling "very weak" for the past three days. Using the SOAP charting format, this information would be included under which heading? A: Assessment P: Plan O: Objective S: Subjective

S: Subjective

It has been some time since you were involved in the care of a pediatric patient. You decide to review the assessment and treatment basics that your medical director requires. To review this information, which resource should you consult first? Reputable websites Service protocols Emergency Medical Responders Emergency department nurses

Service protocols

The EMT practice of protecting oneself from disease transmission through exposure to blood and other body fluids is referred to as: Body Fluid Precautions Exposure control Personal protective equipment Standard Precautions

Standard Precautions

A patient with a terminal disease is unresponsive, not breathing, and without a pulse. The family states that the patient has a "Do Not Resuscitate" (DNR) order signed by her medical doctor, but they cannot find the current one. All they can find is a previous DNR that expired 8 months ago. The EMT should: Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation Pronounce the patient deceased Wait for family to locate the DNR Have the family sign a refusal of care form

Start cardiopulmonary resuscitation

A 62-year-old male is short of breath. The EMT asks the patient if it would be okay to assess him, including taking his vital signs. The patient agrees by nodding the head "yes." As such, which is true? The EMT has obtained expressed consent Informed consent has been obtained by the EMT The EMT has gained implied consent The patient can be transported without further permission

The EMT has obtained expressed consent

A patient must be removed immediately from a structure that is on the verge of collapse following an explosion. He is lying on the ground and dressed in shorts and a T-shirt. You are by yourself and have no other supplies or equipment. Which type of move would be most appropriate in this situation? The armpit-forearm drag The blanket drag The pants drag The extremity lift

The armpit-forearm drag

What action best indicates that informed consent has been obtained? The EMT administers oxygen because the patient is having chest pain and appears short of breath The patient agrees to oxygen therapy after being told it may help decrease his chest pain but may dry his nose, causing discomfort The EMT tells the patient that he will need oxygen because he is having chest pain, which could be a sign of a heart attack The patient is given oxygen because he is having chest pain and was the one who placed the 911 call for help

The patient agrees to oxygen therapy after being told it may help decrease his chest pain but may dry his nose, causing discomfort

Which observation demonstrates that the EMTs are correctly using the stair chair? The patient is carried down the stairs feet first The wheels of the stair chair touch each and every step The stair chair is carried down the stairs with the chair tilted forward The stair chair slides down the stairs while tilted forward

The patient is carried down the stairs feet first

While you are assessing a patient with abdominal pain, the patient informs you that he is a chronic carrier of hepatitis B. His skin is not jaundiced, nor does he have a fever. As an EMT, you realize: The hepatitis B vaccine will not protect you if you are exposed to the virus The patient has the disease but is not infectious Correct! The patient's blood and body fluids are infectious A mask must be placed over the patient's mouth

The patient's blood and body fluids are infectious

What is the primary difference between the EMT's scope of practice and the EMT's standard of care? There is no clinically relevant difference between the scope of practice and the standard of care, as both define what the EMT should do in the exact same situation The scope is what the EMT should do; the standard is what the EMT is legally bound to do The scope includes which actions the EMT can legally take, while the standard of care is what a EMT should do in an EMS system with similar training and protocols The scope of practice is decided by the medical director, while the standard of care is defined by state regulations

The scope includes which actions the EMT can legally take, while the standard of care is what a EMT should do in an EMS system with similar training and protocols

Which statement regarding the integumentary system is true? The skin contains four layers: epidermal, dermal, subcutaneous, and nerve layer The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms The dermal layer is the outermost layer of the skin and contains sensory nerves The epidermis is the thickest and most important layer of the skin

The skin protects the body against bacteria and other organisms

Most authorities agree that the modern-day EMS system evolved after the release of which document? The American Heart Association's Guidelines for Cardiac Resuscitation Emergency Medical Services: Agenda for the Future, in 1996 The Emergency Medical Services Act of 1973 Correct! The white paper "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" in 1966

The white paper "Accidental Death and Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society" in 1966

What actions place the patient at greatest risk for a medical mistake? Responding to a call in an "unsafe" neighborhood Transferring care from one EMT to another Backing the ambulance into the ambulance bay at the hospital Driving to an emergency department at night

Transferring care from one EMT to another

You have placed a 67-year-old female patient on low-concentration oxygen with a nasal cannula. Under which section of the prehospital care report (PCR) would you document this information? Patient data Patient narrative Administrative Treatment

Treatment

Your partner states that he is the "world's worst speller" and has great difficulty using medical terms. How would you respond to this statement? "Do not document information that requires medical terms you are unsure of." "Use everyday language if you are unsure of how to apply or spell a medical term." "Consider abbreviating medical terms that you are unsure how to spell." "Ask the emergency physician or nurse how to spell the words of which you are unsure."

Use everyday language if you are unsure of how to apply or spell a medical term."

In the field setting, the best way to avoid becoming infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is: Avoid unnecessarily touching patients with confirmed HIV infection Always wear gloves, goggles, and a gown for all patient contacts Use the appropriate protective personal equipment Always ask patients if they have HIV infection or AIDS

Use the appropriate protective personal equipment

Which structure or vessel carries oxygen-depleted blood to the right atrium? Aorta Posterior tibial Vena cava Internal jugular

Vena cava

Which item is included in the U.S. Department of Transportation minimum data set? Insurance and billing information Vital signs and skin condition Address and type of the call Patient's occupation

Vital signs and skin condition

What is the single best technique that the EMT can use to prevent the spread of infection? Disinfecting equipment Getting immunizations Wearing gloves Washing hands

Washing hands

During which situation is it typically NOT necessary for the EMT to contact dispatch first with a request or question? The patient is acutely deteriorating and ALS intercept is necessary When the EMT needs to get medical approval to administer a medication If the scene suddenly turns unsafe and police backup is required If the patient is entrapped and a structural collapse rescue team is needed

When the EMT needs to get medical approval to administer a medication

You have been called for a 23-year-old male who is completely deaf. To best communicate with this patient, you should: Use gestures when asking questions Stand in front of the patient and speak loudly Write questions on a note pad Have the emergency department get the needed information

Write questions on a note pad

You are conducting a verbal interview with a patient who is not very forthcoming with information. If you fail to continue to try to motivate the patient to talk, what would be the most undesirable outcome? You may not gain valuable information that could impact your patient care decisions The hospital emergency department will likely be mad at the EMS providers for failing to gather necessary information The family will assume you are not truly interested in helping the patient The patient will not pay the ambulance bill when it arrives

You may not gain valuable information that could impact your patient care decisions

A patient with diabetes has an elevated blood sugar (545 mg/dL) and, based on your assessment of his condition, will require an injection of insulin. Your EMT partner also has diabetes and administers insulin injections to himself throughout the day as needed. Although the Scope of Practice lists nothing about EMTs giving insulin, your partner administers the insulin injection to the patient. The patient's blood sugar comes down and her condition improves. Given this information, which statement is true? Since the patient benefited from the insulin, your partner acted appropriately Your partner violated the Scope of Practice and may have his certification revoked Because your partner used the patient's insulin rather than his own, he cannot be reprimanded It was permissible for your partner to give the insulin since he has diabetes and knows how to give the injections

Your partner violated the Scope of Practice and may have his certification revoked

Emergency Medical Responders inform you that a 73-year-old female patient has fallen and has a hematoma to the occipital area of her head. Based on this description, you should expect to find the injury in which area of the head? Top Side Back Front

back

A patellar fracture affects which part of the body? Elbow Hip Tibia Knee

knee

What is a function of the skeletal system? Forming the vital organs of the body Protecting all of the abdominal organs Producing blood cells Providing structure and points of attachment to blood vessels

producing blood cells