Final Exam
A wetland ecosystem has an NPP of 1.02 kg C/m2/year and a GPP of 2.80kg C/2/year. How much carbon is being used during respiration of autotrophs? 3.82 kg C/m2/year 1.76 kg C/m2/year 1.78 kg C/m2/year 2.86 kg C/m2/year 2.75 kg C/m2/year
1.78 kg C/m2/year
https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/q6J1ZOQNSkxvMXLhHpbe6Pe_PdoN_VqNTI2fptCCKgnhTun8Ooig5xMs8424vEbXbeWdmrXwfiLlXVtL0paa8Jbw9yENR1IyjRgBXJ9B5as3Bap6tWadifRkMnhryCycVQ=w336 Using the data provided in the chart, what is the pH range for the fundamental niche for species 2? 1-14 3-11 5-9 7 8-11
3-11
Using the data provided in the chart, what would be the most likely realized pH range for the niche for species 2 if both species were located in the same habitat? 1-14 3-11 3-8 7 8-11
3-8
https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/sZLK85VTNV9-TxO0DaOoL-ETJ2tsDVmsoPV51DTa9NPbaxTDhF-dFiildPCbRBsehJH2ByhplDZz08OaOXvOeL5nNFW09VSV2TP_5isf07Mh_NEAPH1DHsVjHgiG4G7M4Q=w730 What are the proportions of sand, silt, and clay for the soil at point T? 75% sand, 20% silt, 5% clay 70% sand, 20% silt, 10% clay 65% sand, 25% silt, 10% clay 60% sand, 30% silt, 10% clay 55% sand, 30% silt, 15% clay
60% sand, 30% silt, 10% clay
Using the data provided in the chart, what is the pH range of tolerance for species 1? 3-11 5-10 7 8-11 10-11
8-11
What is the overall direction of global air currents at the equator? Air currents rise at the equator. Air currents sink at the equator. Air currents move horizontally to the north at the equator. Air currents move horizontally to the south at the equator. Air currents are relatively stable at the equator
Air currents rise at the equator.
Which of the following best describes an ecosystem? Populations interacting All biotic factors interacting Inter-species relationships Intra-species relationships All biotic and abiotic factors
All biotic and abiotic factors
In which step of the nitrogen cycle do plants absorb nitrogen compounds? Nitrification Denitrification Assimilation Ammonification Nitrogen fixation
Assimilation
Which of the following is the correct order of soil particles in order of increasing size? Clay—sand—silt Clay—silt—sand Sand—clay—silt Sand—silt—clay Silt—clay—sand
Clay—silt—sand
The Coriolis effect and prevailing winds contribute to the formation of they gyres in the oceans. Which direction do these gyres flow in the northern hemisphere? North to south South to north Clockwise Counterclockwise East to west
Clockwise
What is the major source of phosphorus on land? Deposition from atmospheric phosphorus Compounds that are formed by autotrophs during photosynthesis Compounds released from the weathering of rocks Compounds formed from bacterial conversion Compounds dissolved in precipitation
Compounds released from the weathering of rocks
Which ecosystem are considered to be the most diverse? Ecosystems experiencing high levels of disturbance Ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance Ecosystems experiencing low levels of disturbance Ecosystems experiencing no disturbance Ecosystems that once had high levels of disturbance but have been stable for hundreds of years
Ecosystems experiencing intermediate levels of disturbance
Where does the largest input of solar energy occur? North pole South pole 30 degrees N 30 degrees S Equator
Equator
Which of the following shows the complex interactions between species within an ecosystem? Food chain Food web Food pyramid Energy pyramid Trophic level diagram
Food web
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Giraffe
Which of the following is the correct order of the convection cells, starting from the equator? Polar, Ferrell, Hadley Ferrell, Hadley, Polar Polar, Hadley, Ferrell Hadley, Ferrell, Polar Hadley, Polar, Ferrell
Hadley, Ferrell, Polar
Which of the following is not an ecological service provided by wetlands? Store rainwater and release it slowly into groundwater or streams Heavily used for agriculture due to high nutrient content Breeding site for birds and fish High areas of primary productivity Filter pollutants from water
Heavily used for agriculture due to high nutrient content
Which of the following are examples of wetlands? I. Swamps II. Marshes III. Bogs I only II only III only I and II only I, II, and III
I, II, and III
What is a positive effect of upwelling? It creates an area of high precipitation. It creates an area of high nutrient levels along the coast. It creates an area of high nutrients in the center of the ocean basin. It creates an area of low precipitation. It brings warm water to the surface of the ocean.
It creates an area of high nutrient levels along the coast.
As water freezes or evaporates, what happens to the salinity of the remaining ocean water? It decreases. It increases. There is no change to salinity. It increases as water freezes and decreases as water evaporates. It increases as water evaporates and decreases as water freezes.
It increases.
Boreal forests tend to have a thick layer of organic material but the soil is poor in nutrients. What is the best explanation for this? The organic material is low in nutrients. The rapid growth rate of plants uses the nutrients rapidly. The soils have a low permeability and the nutrients do not dissolve in the soils. The soil is too rocky to hold a high content of nutrients. Low precipitation rates and cold temperatures slow decomposition.
Low precipitation rates and cold temperatures slow decomposition.
Which rock is formed at high temperatures and pressures? Extrusive igneous Intrusive igneous Basaltic Sedimentary Metamorphic
Metamorphic
Which is the correct order of soil horizons starting at the surface? A,B,C,E,O O,A,B,C,E O,E,A,B,C O,A,E,B,C E,A,B,O,C
O,E,A,B,C O,A,E,B,C
A scientists is observing a series of plants and measuring their growth with the addition of nutrients. She notices that the addition of nitrate has no effect on the growth while the addition of phosphorus shows significant growth. What conclusion can she draw about the nutrients in relation to this plant? Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient. Nitrogen is a limiting nutrient. The plant does not require nitrogen. The plant does not require phosphorus. The plant had an excess of nutrients, limiting its growth.
Phosphorus is a limiting nutrient.
Choose the correct sequence for energy flow within an ecosystem Herbivores > producers > carnivores > scavengers Producers > herbivores > carnivores > scavengers Producers > carnivores > herbivores > carnivores Scavengers > producers > herbivores > carnivores Carnivores > scavengers > producers > herbivores
Producers > herbivores > carnivores > scavengers
Which stage of the hydrologic cycle can be the most direct cause of algal blooms? Evaporation Precipitation Transpiration Infiltration Runoff
Runoff
Which of the following has the highest albedo? Soil Snow Water Tropical rainforest Pavement
Snow
Which level of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere
Stratosphere
Which of the following is NOT true about the Sun's energy heating Earth? The angle at which the Sun's rays hit Earth depends on the latitude. The Sun's rays are concentrated over a smaller surface area at the equator than in higher latitudes. The polar regions reflect more sunlight than the tropical regions The Sun's rays are more strongly reflected in the lower latitudes. The unequal heating of Earth helps determine an area's climate.
The Sun's rays are more strongly reflected in the lower latitudes.
Under which of the following conditions would a population grow? The birth rate and the death rate are equal. The birth rate exceeds the death rate and there is no immigration or emigration. Emigration exceeds immigration and the birth rate equals the death rate. The birth rate equals the death rate and immigration is equal to emigration. The carrying capacity is exceeded.
The birth rate exceeds the death rate and there is no immigration or emigration.
A country has a TFR of 1.6 (which is below replacement rate), yet its population continues to grow. What is one likely explanation for this deviation from the norm? The country has such a high population momentum that it cannot stabilize or shrink. The life expectancy is so high that it cannot stabilize or shrink. The net immigration is high enough to overcome low TFR. Child and infant mortality is so low that overcomes low TFR. None of the above. A population cannot grow with a TFR below 2.1.
The net immigration is high enough to overcome low TFR.
What happens to air as it rises? The pressure decreases and it expands in volume The pressure increases and it expands in volume The pressure decreases and it decreases in volume The pressure increases and it decreases in volume The pressure and volume remain constant
The pressure decreases and it expands in volume
https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/hdjDfHA5GhvpFUwrrDz368RPCYWSWj0ng-bXeAUt-RXRR0qCRpDJoSXSScaJ5SLmJ3oWvqdRqeK1I_WjE2kSN3uQ6E8TM_5sUv_TAfiIveIQumQ9ui4N9-c4Q6KTVUdZLQ=w610 Use the figure below. How would you describe the relationship between temperature of a continental ecosystem and net primary productivity based on the data provided? There is no clear relationship between temperature and productivity. The warmer the ecosystem, the higher the productivity. The colder the ecosystem, the higher the productivity. Continental ecosystems are more productive than marine ecosystems. The warmer the ecosystem, the lower the productivity.
The warmer the ecosystem, the higher the productivity.
Which of the following statements best describes the concept of GPP (Gross Primary Productions)? Total amount of energy available to primary consumers Total amount of energy available from the Sun Total amount of solar energy that producers capture via photosynthesis Total amount of energy available within an ecosystem Total amount of cellular respiration conducted within an ecosystem
Total amount of solar energy that producers capture via photosynthesis
In which level of the atmosphere does weather occur? Troposphere Stratosphere Mesosphere Thermosphere Exosphere
Troposphere
Which list is in the correct order of atmospheric layers starting from Earth's surface? Thermosphere, stratosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, exosphere Exosphere, troposphere, mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere Mesosphere, stratosphere, thermosphere, exosphere, troposphere Thermosphere, troposphere, stratosphere, exosphere, mesosphere Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
Troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, exosphere
Brown pelicans are fish eating birds. As a result of an El Nino event, the population of brown pelicans in southern California declines. Which of the following best explains the relationship between the El Nino event and the population decline? Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites. Lower sea surface heights can result in pelican nest sites being isolated too far from their food supply in the ocean. The female reproductive tract of birds does not function at the lower water temperatures of El Niño. Male pelicans get disoriented due to the lack of moisture and fail to return to the nest with food. Predatory seal populations increase dramatically due to decreased rainfall.
Warmer ocean temperatures can cause fish to move to colder water farther from pelican nest sites.
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Water would become less salty, preventing sinking.
The rain shadow effect can have a large effect on local climate. When the rain shadow effect is occurring, which side of the mountain tends to receive more rain? Windward side Leeward side Top of the mountain Foot of the mountain Side of the mountain that does not face the ocean
Windward side
Populations whose age structure diagrams are narrower at the bottom than at the top have high death rates. the same proportion of individuals in each age group. a declining population. a high growth rate. all of the above none of the above
a declining population.
The soil that is best for growing most plants is composed of clay because it retains nutrients and water tightly. sand because water drains most easily. silt, because it is a medium sized particle. a mixture of sand to drain well and clay to hold nutrients. a mixture of sand, silt, and clay that promotes water drainage and retention.
a mixture of sand, silt, and clay that promotes water drainage and retention.
Although an oyster may produce millions of offspring in a year, they have controlled rate of growth because of the short reproductive life span. the high death rate of the organisms. competition for space. competition for food. all of the above none of the above
all of the above
What are the five primary soil formation factor? altitude, climate, parent material, latitude, organisms climate, parent material, pH, organisms, topography parent material, topography, organisms, time, latitude parent material, climate, pH, latitude, altitude climate, parent material, topography, organisms, time
climate, parent material, topography, organisms, time
Could an earthquake that has a magnitude 5.9 on the Richter scale be more damaging than one that measures 7.5? a. Never, because it is not as strong. b. Not likely, if the construction in the 5.9 is earthquake resistant. c. Yes, because it causes a different kind of damage. d. Possibly, because it is 1000 times stronger. e. Possibly, if there are more people living in the area.
e. Possibly, if there are more people living in the area.
The porosity of soil is a measure of its cation exchange capacity. how deep its topsoil layer is. how much biological material it contains. how quickly it drains. all of the above. none of the above.
how quickly it drains.
If the growth rate r of a population is positive and remains constant, the number of people added to the population remains constant. fluctuates randomly. decreases each year. reaches carrying capacity. increases each year.
increases each year.
If a population's age structure diagram looks like a pyramid, the population is expanding. is shrinking. is remaining the same. will expand for at least a generation. is showing continuous exponential growth.
is expanding.
The rain shadow effect refers to more light on the windward side of mountain ranges more moisture on the leeward side of mountain ranges moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges drier conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges less light available on the leeward side of mountain ranges
moister conditions on the windward side of mountain ranges
What type of soil would be best for a man-made pond, where the goal is to have as little leakage of water as possible? mostly clay mostly silt mostly sand equal amounts of sand, silt, and clay equal amounts of sand and silt
mostly clay
https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/En4SQBaFXaYy1ZHwkyv2PXTHKlm3r0WyKwSsVnAqGthjArEw-ob23idlNRPUmzCJizg8TBgigqh2Ddj_qPDyUzljkVhmaXonW9P4kcb2QbqbAgWcv_34EY4UkW0npAWscg=w680 commensalism; mutualism mutualism; competition parasitism; commensalism parasitism; mutualism predation; parasitism
parasitism; mutualism
The Sun's radiation provides the energy for all the following EXCEPT plant growth ocean currents hurricanes plate tectonics cloud formation
plate tectonics
https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/mqHoXSwp_JRxZAJMDbhSmMXiSJyCu4UWtKEUNqCv0b-1-xOTFDp3cBMvjfS433icLy2c64ZiPyUqLt59u2D2_3pyvX05EX_sS_jl2PY7weMv1bH0rlW-MnnfViNTObIXUQ=w654 A subduction zone is shown at point A. point B. point C. point D. point E.
point B.
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point B.
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point C.
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point D.
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point G.
Base saturation of the soil is a measure of the ability of water to drain. ability of nutrients to adhere to clay particles. proportion of soil bases to acids. particulate matter in lakes. percentage of water to particles in a sample.
proportion of soil bases to acids.
Most deserts on Earth are located near the 30 north and 30 south latitudes because humidity is lower at 30. The best explanation for the lower humidity is that warm air rises at 90 ̊ latitude, cools, and sinks at 30 ̊ cool air rises at 30 ̊ latitude, warms, and sinks at the equator warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30 ̊ latitude trade winds transfer moisture away from 30 ̊ latitude rain-shadow effects are most pronounced at 30 ̊ latitude
warm air rises at the equator, cools, and sinks at 30 ̊ latitude
Which of the following is a local area's short-term temperature, precipitation, and humidity climate weather biomes ecosystems currents
weather
The difference between weathering and erosion is that weathering is a chemical process; erosion is strictly physical. weathering refers to the breakdown of the rock; erosion refers to the removal of the rock from its landscape. erosion refers to the breakdown of the rock; weathering refers to the removal of the rock from its landscape. weathering happens in the tropics; erosion happens in temperate environments. there is no difference between weathering and erosion.
weathering refers to the breakdown of the rock; erosion refers to the removal of the rock from its landscape.
