Final Exam

Chantal is a server at a busy restaurant. As she gets older, she realizes that she doesn't enjoy interacting with people. What is Chantal likely experiencing?

Role conflict

Rory has been feeling disrespected by her colleague, Aisha, for several months. For Rory to feel more respected by Aisha, which of the following is the best course of action?

Schedule a meeting to talk with Aisha about how she is been feeling, and how they can work together to be more effective at their jobs.

Which of these is a form of critical thinking based on careful measurement, controlled observation, and repeatable results?

Scientific method

Becky finds a purse in a shopping cart in the parking lot of a store. No one is around, so she takes the purse into the building and turns it in to the service desk without taking anything out of it. Which of the following statements would learning theorists most likely say about Becky?

She has a cardinal trait of honesty. (WRONG)

A person who feels the need to tap each forkful of food against the plate three times to be sure it is safe to eat would most likely to be diagnosed with ________.

obsessive-compulsive disorder

A medical doctor who prescribes drugs and treats serious mental disorders is known as a ________.

psychiatrist

Lana crashed hard into the boards during hockey practice and sustained a head injury. She can remember events before the incident but is having difficulty remembering things that follow the injury. Lana is suffering from ___________________________.

retrograde amnesia (WRONG)

In conditioning, the reinforcement of increasingly close approximations of the desired response is called the principle of ________.

shaping

It doesn't take a person long after meeting Connie to know that she is personally committed to herself and her family and has a strong sense of control over her life. What else can we infer about Connie?

she has a hardy personality.

A person who has paralysis in one arm with no medically diagnosable cause would instead likely be diagnosed with ________.

somatic symptom disorder

Perry likes to be able to dress and feed himself unassisted although he is sometimes messy. His parents laugh it off and simply clean up his messes. Which of the following stages is Perry likely operating in?

Perry is in the industry versus inferiority stage. (WRONG)

Julia wants to be a dancer but she is clumsy, so she has had difficulty pursuing this career path. What type of stress is she likely to be experiencing?

Personal frustration

According to Schachter's cognitive theory, what is labeled in order to determine what emotions we feel?

Physiological arousal (WRONG)

Every semester, the university requires each professor to be evaluated by each class they teach. Which of the following forms of personality assessment would most likely be used for this purpose?

Rating scale

Which of the following systems uses large nerve fibers to alert that body damage may be occurring?

Reminding system (WRONG)

Which of the following terms defines the process of thinking about ourselves and others in a social context?

Social cognition

In the context of attitude measurement, on what type of scale do people say how willing they are to admit members of a group to various levels of social closeness?

Social distance scale

For which of the following does perceived external evaluation play a key role?

Social phobia

Which of these is an experimental outcome that would rarely occur by chance alone?

Statistically significant results

Which of the following statements relates to the term Gestalt psychology?

Study of thinking and perception in whole units

Which of the following statements describes the main difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?

The parasympathetic branch calms and quiets the body, while the sympathetic branch arouses the body and prepares it for emergency action.

Pradeep's parents have taken away his driving privileges for a month. Which of the following likely explains the situation?

The parents are using negative punishment to decrease a bad behavior.

What is neurogenesis?

The production of new brain cells

Which of the following best defines neurogenesis?

The production of new brain cells

Which of the following best relates to the superego?

The superego comprises the biological instincts from birth. (WRONG)

Crying and signs of fear when left alone or with a stranger is known as _______.

attachment (WRONG)

Which of the following shows promise for helping people to control their heart rhythms and lower blood pressure?

biofeedback

Which of the following substances produces psychological effects, including a sense of euphoria or well-being, relaxation, altered time sense, and perceptual distortions?

cannabis

Kiran was insulted and is now running amok. Because Kiran's condition is associated with Asian regions, it is best described as a ________.

culture-bound syndrome

A woman stubs her toe on a bench while walking to get a glass of water in the middle of the night. She is frustrated and lashes out in anger, punching the wall with her fist. This is an example of _____.

displaced aggression

Juana is studying her biology notes and making connections between the different species of colorful fish and the different colors of objects in her bedroom. By making these connections, Juana is using ________

elaborative processing

What test might be able to tell if the person taking it is lying?

fMRI

A subject will receive reinforcement only after giving a specific number of correct responses in a ________.

fixed ratio schedule

Saying whatever comes to mind without worrying whether ideas are painful, embarrassing, or illogical is the basis for _____.

free association

Ramiro was diagnosed with schizophrenia and is talking with his doctor about his recent brain scan. The doctor will most likely tell Ramiro his brain scan revealed ________.

his brain's activity is exceptionally high in the frontal lobes (WRONG)

In the context of social learning theory, which of the following refers to a desire to act like the person one admires?

imitation.

Suppose you want to see a dim star. Of the following, which is the best way to proceed?

look next to it

Allen's young daughter Krista heard him use a curse word when he was driving her to preschool. When Allen picked her up at the end of the day, the teacher told him that Krista had used the word several times when arguing with other students over toys. The teacher warned Allen to be more aware of the impacts of ________.

observational learning

An area of the hindbrain that acts as a bridge between the medulla and other structures is called the ______.

pons

Mahina is asked by her high school physics teacher to define gravity and share an experience from her past that illustrates its effects. Mahina successfully defines gravity and shares an experience about how she once dropped her books in the hall while on her way to class. To answer the teacher's question, Mahina accessed ________.

procedural and semantic memory (WRONG)

An ability to become aware of one's own thinking habits is called _______.

reflective intelligence

If a psychometric test gives approximately the same score each time a person takes it, it is called _______.

reliable

The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating is known as the _______.

set point

Which of the following terms refers to the degree to which a group member can control, alter, or influence the behavior of another group member?

socail power

Which of the following refers to a biological aspect of memory?

state (WRONG)

What situation would family therapy likely NOT be able to sufficiently address?

the numbers phobias of a mother

Touch, temperature, pressure, and other bodily sensations flow into ______.

the primary somatosensory area

A failure to evaluate claims with sufficient logical rigor is called _______.

uncritical acceptance

Intelligence assessed by answering questions involving vocabulary, general information, arithmetic, and other language- or symbol-oriented tasks is called _______.

verbal intelligence

Which of the following scenarios relies on the assumption that a viewer's eyes are approximately a couple of inches apart?

Airplane cockpit designers placing knobs and dials in certain positions. (WRONG)

What is the term used to define the distinctive bursts of brain-wave activity that indicates a person is asleep?

Alpha Waves (WRONG)

According to David Perkins, which one of the following statements refers to reflective intelligence?

An ability to become aware of one's own thinking habits

Having to choose between two desirable alternatives poses what type of conflict?

Approach-approach

What is the best way for a person to avoid imposing his or her personal views on the problems of others?

Ask open-ended questions (WRONG)

Which of the following refers to close emotional bonds that infants form with their primary caregivers?

Attachments

Which term refers to the act of assigning causes to behavior?

Attribution

People who take medication that makes them extremely nauseous whenever they take a small drink of alcohol is undergoing what type of treatment for their addiction?

Aversion therapy

A person who regularly visited the practitioner of the first psychological technique designed to promote positive changes in his or her behavior would be a client of ________.

B. F. Skinner (WRONG)

Which of the following scenarios would MOST challenge a viewer's depth perception while practicing on a punching bag?

Blocking the nerves sending position information from the eye muscle to the brain.

Chris is having difficulty with his employee Daniela because she never does her share and other employees end up doing most of her work. What would be the best approach for Chris to solve this problem?

Chris needs to use a positive reinforcement technique like praise to encourage Daniela to work harder.

Cliff is an adult who lives with his parents and has difficulty with adaptive behaviors. Cliff has an IQ of 50 and can replicate any piece of music on his piano after only hearing it once. Which statement best describes Cliff?

Cliff has savant syndrome.

Which of the following best describes suppression?

Consciously keeping memories from awareness

A marketing firm is looking to revamp packaging so that it will be more eye catching for shoppers in an effort to increase sales. Which psychologist applies his research to this field?

Consumer psychologist

Which of the following uses aversive imagery to reduce the occurrence of an undesired behavior?

Covert sensitization

Jodie was served divorce papers by her husband, but she refuses to accept that they are really getting divorced and acts as though the marriage will continue. What type of defense mechanism may explain this?

Denial

A person who has deep feelings of despondency is likely experiencing ________.

Depression.

Which of the following is most closely associated with schizophrenia?

Dissociation (WRONG)

In which of the following situations is the right hemisphere most useful?

Empathizing with others

Riding the double-helix rocket rollercoaster would be stored as a ________.

Episodic memory

In which stage of general adaptation syndrome (GAS) are bodily resources drained and stress hormones depleted?

Exhaustion

Which of the following terms indicates a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells?

Extracellular Thirst (WRONG)

Lakeisha participated in the celebration when her math league team won the state competition. During the celebration, a team member bumped a table, knocking over a glass but not breaking it. Later that day, the team advisor asked Lakeisha who "shattered" the glass. Lakeisha replied that she wasn't sure, but she remembers that somebody quickly cleaned up the broken glass. Which of the following best describes Lakeisha's response to the advisor?

Flashbulb memory (WRONG)

Using which of the following methods will we get an image of brain structures without any clues as to which parts of the brain were more or less active?

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (WRONG)

Which of the following skills have important consequences for personal relationships?

Good metacognitive skills (WRONG)

Which of the following was a criticism of Milgram's experiments?

He failed to consider alternative explanations for his subjects' behavior.

Suppose Carlos is hallucinating. Which of the following is the best example of this?

He sees an imaginary elephant walking outside.

Andrew is a later-maturing boy when compared to his friends, who have already matured. Which of the following likely applies to Andrew as a result?

He will prematurely form his identity (WRONG)

Melissa enrolled her daughter in a day care where there is an excellent adult-to-child ratio, a small group of children overall, and a well-trained staff. What effect is this day care likely to have on Melissa's daughter?

Her daughter will experience an increase in cognitive and social skills in this facility.

How does microcephaly cause intellectual disability?

How does microcephaly cause intellectual disability? (WRONG)

Which of the following sleep disorders is characterized by excessive mental activity inhibiting sleep, which can then develop into a cycle of anxiety that causes further lack of sleep?

Insomnia

According to Erikson, an ability to care about others and to share experiences with them is known as _______.

Intimacy

Which of the following statements accurately describes an example of controlling researcher bias?

June wears the same lab coat and reads the same script every time she interacts with participants.

Which of the following behavioral techniques is not conducive to healthy behavioral dieting?

Learn to weaken personal eating cues by avoiding situations that cause overeating. (WRONG)

Which of the following is a feature of self-help groups?

Members typically share a particular type of problem

What would be an example of a situation that most mental health professionals would agree would involve an inappropriate use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)?

Montell will not receive antidepressant medication following ECT. (???)

Imagine you are designing a waiting room for dark cave tours. You want tourists to be able to see each other in the waiting room, and you arrange for the room to be lit with a very dim green light that is just barely illuminating. Is this likely to meet your goals?

No. Red is an ideal color for adaptation.

Which of the elements of metacognition is referred by the statement, "When your metacognitive monitoring suggests that you're not on track to meet your goals, change course by altering your thought processes or your behavior"?

Develop your metacognitive monitoring processes (WRONG)

Dr. Schmitt is a psychologist interested in the changes people experience throughout their lifetimes including thoughts, physical abilities, and social connections. Which of the following most accurately describes Dr. Schmitt's field of interest?

Developmental

An employee who received theater tickets when her manager noticed her working hard now makes sure she "looks busy" when any member of the management team approaches her cubicle. Which term describes the employee's perception of the managers?

Generalization

Which of the following statements describes one way in which heredity affects the risk of developing schizophrenia?

Genetic mutations occur in aging male reproductive cells and increase the risk of disturbed brain development, leading to schizophrenia.

Issa says she felt no pain when they changed her burn bandages, because she had been trained in a special consciousness level. She said she felt like she was watching the situation from afar. Which of the following best describes her situation?

Issa entered an altered state of consciousness; therefore, the bandage change was not painful. (WRONG)

Which of the following statements describes one way in which heredity affects the risk of developing schizophrenia?

It has been proven that schizophrenia is less common among close relatives and seldom passes down generations. (WRONG)

Which of the following most accurately defines the concept of a drive within the context of learning theories of personality?

It is any stimulus strong enough to goad a person to action. (???)

Which of the following statements is the most accurate description of incongruence?

It refers to a state that exists when there is a discrepancy between one's experiences and self-image.

Kunal's teacher asks him to answer two questions and times his response to each. He answers the question "What is your father's name?" more quickly than he answers the question "What is the name of a famous dog from a television program?" The fact that Kunal required more time to access information for the second question supports which concept?

Network model

Paul has been feeling depressed lately and his counselor has suggested that he may need medication to help alleviate these feelings. Who can Paul go to for a prescription, and should he do anything else to manage his depression?

Paul can a prescription from a psychiatrist. He should continue to see his counselor to talk about his feelings. (??)

Which of the following colors induces a high firing rate of the blue and red cones, yet a low firing rate of the green cones?

Purple (??)

Can a person with one eye perceive depth?

Yes, but not nearly as well as a person with two eyes.