Final exam Anatomy of the Reproductive System and Fluid,Electrolyte and Acid Base Balance

Which of the following is FALSE regarding the female sexual response?

Testosterone is the hormone that is primarily responsible for female libido.

ovaries

B. house and form the female gametes

Gamete cells are unique in that they __________.

have half the normal number of chromosomes

Most water is excreted via the __________.

kidneys

ADH acts on the ____________ to ___________ water excretion.

kidneys; decrease

This major female reproductive organ produces gametes.

ovary

The cell type that first begins the meiotic process in egg cell production is called a __________.

primary oocyte

Which of the following is NOT a haploid cell?

primary spermatocyte

The tissue type found in both the uterus and the uterine tube that helps propel either a fertilized egg or a baby at birth is __________.

smooth muscle

The epithelium found within the urethra of the penis is __________.

stratified columnar epithelium

The __________ is shed during menstruation.

stratum functionalis

3) Hypoproteinemia is a condition of unusually low levels of plasma proteins. This problem is often characterized by ________.

tissue edema

tunica albuginea

B. fibrous capsule of the testes

The diploid chromosome number in humans is __________.

46

anaphase I

A. Homologous chromosomes separate from one another.

penis

A. copulatory organ that delivers sperm into the female reproductive tract

fimbriae

A. finger-like projections that brush over the ovary

fimbriae

A. fingerlike projections at the end of the uterine tubes

interstitial cells

A. make testosterone

metaphase I

B. Tetrads align along the cell's equator.

clitoris

B. small external structure homologous to the male penis

scrotum

B. testicle-containing sac inferior to pelvis

vagina

C. copulatory canal

prophase I

C. crossovers

ductus deferens

C. passageway that transports sperm to the ejaculatory duct

uterus

C. receives, retains, and nourishes a fertilized ovum

seminiferous tubules

C. site of sperm production in the testes

telophase I

D. Two haploid daughter cells are formed.

bulbo-urethral gland

D. pea-shaped structure; production and secretion of alkaline mucus

uterus

D. site of fetal development

epididymis

D. site of sperm storage

vagina

D. thin walled structure that connects the uterus to the body exterior

telophase II

E. Four genetically unique haploid cells are formed.

pampiniform venous plexus

E. cools arterial blood to keep the testes below core temperature

uterine tube

E. fertilization site

fallopian tubes

E. generally the site of fertilization of the ovulated oocyte

epididymis

E. sperm maturation site

prostate gland

F. urethra-encircling structure; production and secretion of seminal fluid

__________ is a sexually transmitted disease that is associated with cervical cancer.

Genital warts

__________ stimulates the anterior pituitary to release follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone

__________ acts upon the __________ to encourage the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH); anterior pituitary

Choose the FALSE statement about oogenesis.

In humans, the secondary oocyte must complete meiosis II before it can be fertilized.

Which of the following is true about meiosis?

Meiosis produces cells that have a haploid chromosome number.

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2) The term hypotonic hydration refers to ________.

a condition that may result from renal insufficiency or drinking extraordinary amounts of water

An unusual histological structure within the seminal gland is __________.

a highly folded mucosa protruding into the lumen

The pH of the adult female vagina is normally __________.

acidic

4) Which of the following hormones is important in the regulation of sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid?

aldosterone

The __________ of the mammary glands are responsible for producing milk during lactation.

alveoli

The genetic material of a cell is packaged in a structure called a __________.

chromosome

The paired dorsal cylinders that cause the penis to become rigid when they are engorged with blood are called the __________.

corpora cavernosa

The solid glandular structure that develops from the ruptured oocyte is called the __________.

corpus luteum

The functional layer of the endometrium is shed in response to __________.

decreased progesterone levels

Which of the following is NOT an effect of testosterone?

decreases sperm production

The menstrual cycle causes significant changes in the functional layer of the __________.

endometrium

The three layers of the uterine wall, moving from interior to exterior, are __________.

endometrium, myometrium, perimetrium

The menstrual cycle is hormonally controlled by __________.

estrogen and progesterone

A major difference between the male and female reproductive systems is that male organs are located inside the pelvic cavity whereas female structures are mostly exterior.

false

An unfertilized egg contains 23 pairs of chromosomes.

false

Close microscopic examination of the ovary and uterine tube would reveal a continuous layer of cells and contact between the two.

false

Gametogenesis results in the production of haploid cells in males and diploid cells in females.

false

Most fluid in the body is in the extracellular fluid (ECF) compartment.

false

Most of the hydrogen ions in the body come from acidic substances in the foods we ingest.

false

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases Ca2+ deposition in the bones.

false

The main component of semen is sperm.

false

The most abundant cation in extracellular fluid is potassium.

false

The ovaries are situated retroperitoneally next to the kidneys.

false

One way the kidneys maintain HCO3- balance is by __________.

generating new HCO3-

The outermost layer of the ovary is called the __________.

germinal epithelium

Which of the following is NOT an electrolyte?

glucose

Chromosomes that carry genes for the same traits are called __________.

homologous

Which of the following is associated with a swelling of cells?

hypotonic hydration

What cells are found in the lumen of a cross section of the epididymis?

immature sperm cells

In response to warmth, the scrotum __________.

increases its surface area

Which of the following is MISMATCHED?

luteal phase; characterized by decreased progesterone levels

The specialized process that occurs in ovaries and testes to produce gametes is called __________.

meiosis

The correct order of phases (days 1-28) of the menstrual cycle is __________.

menstrual phase, proliferative phase, secretory phase

The area of the sperm cell that contains many mitochondria is the __________.

midpiece

The high sugar content of the alkaline fluid produced and secreted by the seminal gland is important in that it __________.

nourishes sperm passing through the tract

How many functional gamete cells are produced at the end of oogenesis?

one

Which of the following would INCREASE sodium excretion?

progesterone

Which of the following is NOT an effect of estrogen?

promotes diuresis (water loss)

One function of the reproductive system is to __________.

provide germ cells for perpetuation of the species

What cells of the epididymis are responsible for supplying nutrients to maturing sperm and the absorption of excess fluid?

pseudostratified columnar epithelial cells with stereocilia

5) Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made in the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to ________.

reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention

Someone who is suffocating would develop __________.

respiratory acidosis

Hyperventilation can lead to __________.

respiratory alkalosis

1) The body's water volume is closely tied to the level of which of the following ions?

sodium ions

The primitive stem cells found at the seminiferous tubule periphery are called __________.

spermatogonia

Conversion of haploid spermatids to spermatozoa is specifically called __________.

spermiogenesis

Which of the following is considered a primary sex organ in males?

testes

The primary reproductive organ of the male reproductive system is the __________.

testis

The most important factor that influences K+ secretion is __________.

the concentration of K+ in the ECF

Which of the following has the LEAST influence over the pH of blood plasma?

the phosphate buffer system

A fertilized human egg contains 46 chromosomes in 23 pairs.

true

A human male continues to produce spermatogonia throughout his life.

true

A unique meiotic process is that the homologous chromosomes align and may exchange chromosomal regions before separating to opposite sides of the cell.

true

The egg cell is larger than the head of the sperm cell.

true

The male gonads are the testes; the female gonads are the ovaries.

true

All of the following are major reproductive organs, EXCEPT the __________.

urinary bladder