Final Exam: Chapter 11/15

Using lecterns

Adds a measure of formality Be aware of anxiously gripping the lectern for security

Audience size

A small audience is an opportunity for a more intimate, minimally formal tone. If your audience has only eight to twelve people, you can generate greater audience contact. One problem with a small audience is that some people will feel it is their right, or they have permission, to interrupt you A larger audience space requires more formality

Speaking provides a more ________ message

ANIMATED

speaking has ______ formality than reading

LESS

Speaking in public has _________ formality than talking

MORE

Speaking outdoors

Outdoor settings can be prone to distraction Project your voice without sounding like you're yelling

remember to

Practice your speech beforehand, at home or elsewhere, the way you will give it in class.

In impromptu speaking you should......

Take a moment to collect your thoughts and plan the main point you want to make. Deliver your message making your main points as brief as you can. stop talking, it is easy to ramble when you don't have things planned out ahead.

audience circumstances and physical contexts for public speaking will....

VARY

Speaking in a Small or Large Physical Space

a large auditorium can be intimidating be aware that your voice is likely to echo, especially if far fewer people are in the space than it can hold, or your voice not being loud enough to reach the back of the room.

lectern

a small raised surface, usually with a slanted top, where a speaker can place notes during a speech

Be prepared and use language _________ & _________

correctly, appropriately

Using a microphone

is that a microphone only amplifies, it does not clarify. Practice with mic If the room is small enough to forego the microphone and make sure you speak loudly enough for your audience to hear

In public speaking you should...

present yourself professionally

eye contact develops __________

rapport

Extemporaneous speaking

the presentation of a carefully planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational manner using brief notes Promotes the impression that the speaker is knowledgeable and credible allows flexibility

Impromptu Speaking

the presentation of a short message without advance preparation

memorized speaking

the rote recitation of a written message that the speaker has committed to memory MUST BE MEMORIZED (every vocal cue, and speech variation) TO BE INTERESTING (if not it is flat)

vocal cues

the subtle but meaningful variations in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone, volume, and pace

Manuscript

the word-for-word iteration of a written message it's typically an uninteresting way to present. Prevents eye contact with the audience Must be an accomplished speaker to be successful

being prepared with different speaking situations will help reduce anxiety you may have about giving a speech

true

eye contact

•Eye contact develops rapport with the audience •Consider using 3 points on the back wall, the swimming method, or looking at all the audience

hands

•Hand shakes or excessive movement can become distracting •Use them naturally as you would in conversation •The default is to rest them on the lectern

feet

•Nervous energy can work itself out through the feet •Don't lock your knees, it cuts off oxygen to the brain •The default position is shoulder width with knees slightly bent •Be careful of constant feet motion, it can be distracting

objects

•Only bring to the lectern what you absolutely need to give the speech •Other objects can serve as a distraction •Other items that could cause issues •Jewelry that hits the lectern •Hair that gets in the face and causes the need to be "fixed"

REMEMBER

•PRACTICE YOUR SPEECH BEFOREHAND, AT HOME OR ELSEWHERE, THE WAY YOU WILL GIVE IT IN CLASS

VOCALIZED pauses

•Pauses that incorporate some sort of sound or word that is unrelated to what is said: "um" "uh" "like"

How to practice

•Practice your speech out loud •Practice the same way you would present the speech •It helps identify mispronounced words •Practice your speech standing up •You will stand to present, so stand to practice •Will make it feel more natural when it's done in front of an audience •Practice your speech with a lectern •Practice resting your notecards on something, so you feel the movement of the cards •Practice your Speech with an Audience •Practice making eye contact •Ask for feedback about parts that were unclear or problems •Practice your Speech for Time •Practice allows to ensure you have enough information for the time limits •Practice your Speech by Filming Yourself •Watching yourself you notice all the small things you do that might be distracting

Lectern and posture

•Standing at the lectern, rather than leaning on the podium in too relaxed a manner

Pitch

•The relative highness or lowness of your voice •Too little pitch results in monotone or an unchanging in pitch and without intonation

volume

•The relative softness or loudness of your voice •The speaker should fill the room with their voice without yelling

Rate

•The speech at which you speak •Too fast can tax your audience's ability to keep up and understand

pauses

•You pause in normal conversation so it's not bad to pause during a speech •Especially important if you are making a statement with powerful impact