Final Exam Practice Quizzes
A pregnant woman needs to increase her intake by approximately ____ kcal to a count for increased energy need in the second trimester of pregnancy.
340
About how many hours of television do children aged 8 to 18 years watch each day?
4.5
A low birthweight infant is defined as a baby that weighs ______ at birth.
5 1/2 lbs or less
What is the minimum number of glasses of water and older adult must drink to prevent dehydration?
6
A healthy full-term infant wights approximately ____ pounds.
6 1/2 to 8
Louis is an 80-year-old man. How much have his energy needs declined since he was 30 years old?
25
Sue has a BMI of 23.4 at conception. What is her recommended range of weight gain?
25-35
To maintain skeletal, muscular, and cardiovascular health, a child should be physically active for at least ____minutes each day?
60
Animal research has shown life-prolonging benefits when energy intake is restricted to about _____ percent of normal.
70
What is the average life expectancy in the United States today?
79 years
Overweight teens with at least one obese parent have about a _____ chance of becoming obese adults.
80%
Even with the help of Social Security, how many adults over the age of 65 live in poverty?
9
What percentage of adults aged 65 years and older takes at least one prescription medicine?
90
Which of the following people would be considered a gatekeeper of nutrition?
A child who begs for, but is denied, a breakfast cereal with a coveted toy inside.
What is a congregate meal?
A meal provided for groups of elderly in a place like a community center
Which of the following accurately describes the link between lead exposure and nutrition?
Absorption of lead is higher on an empty stomach.
Nora says her grandfather acts like a 25-year-old man. Nora is referring to her grandfather's _____ age.
physiological
The _______ is the organ from which the infant receives nourishment.
placenta
The term "failure to thrive" sometimes is used to describe infants and children with _____.
protein deficiency
When compared to breast milk or infant formula, cows milk contains too much _____ and too little _____
protein, carbohydrate
Gestation is generally divided into equal periods called_____.
trimesters
In general, how long does the adolescent growth spurt last?
2.5 years
A healthy infant that weighs 7 pounds at birth likely will weigh _____ pounds by her first birthday>
21
To help improve a child's BMI, the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends limiting television and video game time fro children older than five years to _____ hours per day.
2
The basal metabolic rate declines _____ percent per decade due to loss of lean muscle mass and diminishing thyroid hormones.
1-2
School lunches must meet at least _____ of the RDA for key nutrients.
1/3
By 2030, approximately what fraction of the U.S. population is projected to be 65 years or older?
1/5
Reducing energy intake by a minimum of _____ brings about measurable improvements in body fat, blood pressure, insulin response, and blood lipids.
10%
During the second year, a healthy infant gains less than _____ pounds and grows about _____ inches taller.
10, 5
A healthy adult requires less than 40 calories per kilogram of body weight. A healthy infant requires about _____ kcalories per kilogram of body weight.
100
The maximum potential human life span is currently about _____ years.
130
Sonya is overweight when she becomes pregnant. What is her recommended range of weight gain?
15-25
An active 6-year-old child need about _______ calories per day to meet energy needs.
1600
What is the most likely reason for a pregnant woman to crave a nonfood item like laundry starch or ice?
Anemia due to iron-deficiency
On what are infant recommendations for vitamins and minerals based?
Average amounts consumed bu thriving infants breastfed by well nourished mothers
Which of the following best describes the effect of aging on the immune system?
Antibiotics are often ineffective in treating infections in older people who have deficient immune systems.
When does the most severe damage associated with fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) occur?
Around the time of conception
Which of the following statements accurately describes alcohol use among the elderly?
Binge drinking is more frequent in the elderly than in younger persons.
For which nutrient does the body show a dramatic increase in absorption during pregnancy?
Calcium
Which of the following is true regarding children's energy intake and activity levels?
Children following a vegan diet may have difficulty meeting their energy needs.
What term is defined as the milk-like substances secreted right after delivery?
Colostrum
Which foods most often cause anaphylactic shock in children with food allergies?
Eggs, peanuts, and milk
Which of the following defines nursing bottle tooth decay?
Extensive tooth decay infant due to prolonged exposure to carbohydrate-rich fluids from a bottle
What organ is affected by macular degeneration, a common condition for older people?
Eyes
______ is the term used for a developing infant from the eight week after conception until birth.
Fetus
Which of the following foods has been shown to reduce joint inflammation in people with rheumatoid arthritis?
Fish with omega-3 fatty acids
_____ supplementation results in lower incidences of neural tube defects or spina bifida.
Folate
What form of arthritis is characterized by deposits of uric acid crystals in the joints?
Gout
Breastfeeding is not recommended when the mother has _____.
HIV
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding recommended weight gain for an obese pregnant woman?
Her goal is to gain between 11 and 20 pounds
Which of the following foods should be fed to infants because of the risk of botulism?
Honey
Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between energy restriction and longevity?
Improvements are seen in longevity due to energy restriction, even when body fat is higher than ideal.
A 1-year-old who drinks more than 3 cups of cow's milk a day is at an increased risk for developing a deficiency of which nutrient?
Iron
The increased needs for _______ during pregnancy cannot be met by diet or existing stores so supplements are recommended.
Iron
Which of the following is the most prevalent nutrient deficiency among U.S. toddlers1 to 3 years of age?
Iron
Which of the following describes how iron deficiency affects children's behavior?
It affects brain functioning long before blood effects appear.
Why should new foods be introduced to an infant one at a time?
It allows for easier detection of any allergic reactions to that food.
Why is goat's milk inappropriate for infants?
It has a low folate content
What factor in breast milk inhibits inflammatory bowel disease and supports a healthy epithelial barrier?
Lactoferrin
What is sarcopenia?
Loss of muscle mass and strength
Which of the following is a recommended strategy for honoring children's mealtime preferences?
Offer vegetables that are raw or undercooked and served separate from other foods.
What is the fastest-growing age group in the United States?
Over 85 years
_______ is a condition characterized by high blood pressure and protein in the urine of a pregnant woman.
Preeclampsia
What term is defined as the period of life in which a person becomes physically capable of reproduction?
Puberty
What is the most important predictor of a person's mobility in the later years?
Regular physical activity
Of the following cereals, which is least likely to result in an allergic reaction upon first feeding?
Rice
Which of the following is an effective strategy for dealing with obesity in a child?
Set a good example by eating healthy nutritious meals and exercising each day.
Which of the following formulas should be used first when an infant is found to be lactose intolerant?
Soy
What happens to a mother's milk if she lacks certain nutrients in her diet?
The milk quality stays the same, but the quantity of the milk decreases
Which of the following is not a risk factor for neural tube defects?
The mother being underweight
Which of the following is a correct statement about prenatal supplements during pregnancy?
They are particularly beneficial to women with inadequate dietary intakes or women carrying multiple fetuses.
Which of the following accurately describes concerns about water intake in elderly people?
They may not feel thirsty or recognize dryness of the mouth.
What is the recommendation for women regarding alcohol intake during pregnancy?
They should drink absolutely no alcohol.
A "belly button" is the scar in the middle of the abdomen that marks the former attachment of the ________.
Umbilical cord
Which of the following supplements is recommended for infants who are breastfed exclusively?
Vitamin D
When is it potentially acceptable for an infant to be fed fat-free milk?
after 2 years of age
To reduce the risk fo the development fo type 2 diabetes after pregnancy, health professional strongly advise women to ________.
avoid excessive weight gain during and after pregnancy
Gavin says his grandmother celebrated her 93rd birthday. Gavin is referring to his grandmother's _____.
chronological age
Jennifer craves a bowl of ice cream every night while pregnant and has heard that this craving may be due to her body's need for additional calcium. What would you tell her?
cravings do not seem to indicate a physiological need for a nutrient
The _____ is the time period during which irreversible damage to the fetus may occur from specific events such as malnutrition or exposure to toxins
critical period
Periods of time during development in which events can occur that will have irreversible effects on later development are called _____.
critical periods
A person who has difficulty swallowing has _____.
dysphagia
Brady is allergic to peanuts. In the school cafeteria, he begins to have difficulty breathing, his tongue and face swell, and he begins vomiting. Brady most likely is in immediate need of a life-saving injection of ______.
epinephrine
Infants benefit from bifidus factor in breast milk because bifidus factors _____.
favor the growth of "friendly" bacteria in the digestive tract
A child who developed antibodies to a certain food is said to have a _______.
food allergy
Consumption of unpasteurized dairy products and soft cheeses can lead to ____.
food borne illness from listeriosis
An infant born at 39 weeks would be described as ______?
full term
Cravings and aversions to certain foods are probably the result of altered taste and smell sensitivities induced by _______.
hormone changes
All of the following are signs or symptoms of preeclampsia except
hypoglycemia
The combination of an inefficient and overactive immune response in the aged is called _____.
inflammaging
Pica, a craving for nonfood items like dirt and old paint, can lead to _____ in children.
lead poisoning
Longevity is defined as _____.
long duration of life
Researchers have studied several nutrient interventions aimed at relieving depression in older adults. They found that these interventions _____.
may or may not be effective
All of the following are potential health benefits of lactation that help benefit the mother except
reduced risk of all types of cancer
For adults older than 65, morality is lowest among individuals who are _____.
slightly overweight
A person with dentures should eat _____.
soft foods
Children who are allowed to choose freely from a variety of foods, usually select foods that are high in _______.
sugar
A his-quality, cost-effective healthcare and nutrition services program that provides women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or have children ages 0 to 5 years is ______.
the WIC program
______ is the most reliable indicator of an infant's future health status.
the infant's birthweight
All of the following are associated with reduced fertility except
underweight dad
The nutrient needs for older people _____.
vary according to individual histories
Older adults with atrophic gastritis are vulnerable to _____ deficiency.
vitamin B12
The activity of the anticoagulant drug warfarin is affectedly its interaction with _____.
vitamin K