FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Which of the following is true regarding gender differences in heterosexual and homosexual relationships?

Both heterosexual women and lesbians have fewer sexual partners than men

Slightly less than ______ percent of American girls develop anorexia nervosa

1

What percentage of divorces report more competence and better adjustment following the divorce?

20 percent

In short-term memory, individuals retain information for up to ______ if there is no rehearsal of the information.

30 seconds

From a recent US survey, approximately what percentage of adults 40 to 59 years of age were obese?

40 percent

In Finland, divorce peaks at approximately ___ years after marriage, then declines gradually.

5 to 7

In 2012, an estimated ___ adults in the US had Alzheimer's disease

5.4 million

What causes the autism spectrum disorders?

A brain dysfunction with abnormalities in brain structure and neurotransmitters

Most of the highest-paying occupations require

A college degree

The majority of divorced older adults are women due to:

Their greater longevity

A(n) ___ states such preferences as whether life-sustaining procedures should or should not be used to prolong the life of an individual when death is imminent

advance directive

Individuals whose identity status can be described as identity _____________ are undecided about occupational and ideological choices, and they are also likely to show little interest in such matters.

diffusion

Bulimia nervosa typically begins in:

late adolescence or early childhood

In terms of executive function, older adults are ___ effective at engaging in cognitive control than when they were younger.

less

Jean Berko's experiment involving "wugs" demonstrated that the young children who took part in the experiment knew:

morphological rule

A(n) ___ is a layer of fat cells that encases and insulates many axons and helps electrical signal

myelin sheath

By two years of age, children have reached about ___ of their adult weight and about ___ of their adult height

one-fifth; one-half

Holly is a quiet and introverted person. She feels stressed whenever she has to interact with a lot of people. Which of the following BEST describes this aspect of Holly's identity?

personality

The early stages of love have more ___ love ingredients

romantic

___ attention, which consists of focusing on a specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others that are relevant, generally decreases in older adults.

selective

Myette has just been told that she has breast cancer and that her tests show that the cancer has spread to her liver. Myette says, "I feel great. The lab obviously has my test results mixed up with something else." According to Kubler-Ross, Myette is in the ___ stage of dying.

Denial and isolation

Nonnomative life events:

Do not happen to all people

Marshall writes very slowly and his handwriting is virtually illegible. He also makes numerous spelling errors because of his inability to match up sounds and letters. Which of the following conditions does Marshall suffer from?

Dysgraphia

According to studies, which of the following is one of the most common sexual problems of older men?

Early ejaculation

Who is most likely to smoke, drink alcohol, be depressed, develop an eating disorder, and engage in early sexual experiences?

Early maturing girls

The new model of parent-adolescent relationships emphasizes that:

In most families parent adolescent conflict is moderate rather than severe

Tape is a young adult who exercises regularly. Tapia can expect to see all of the following EXCEPT:

Increased fatigue

Natalie is in the Strange Situation and she clings anxiously to her caregiver. She does not explore the playroom. She would most likely be classified as:

Insecure resistant

Which of the following is NOT considered an environmental influence when considering heredity-environmental interactions?

Intelligence

As children develop into moral autonomists:

Intentions become more important than consequences

Of the following infants, who is most at risk for SIDS?

Mimi, her mother smokes

Which of the following is NOT a biological theory explaining aging?

Reverse neurogenesis theory

In terms of attachment, who fulfills the needs for young adults that parents did for their children?

Romantic partners

According to a recent study, maximization of which psychological resource was linked to a higher quality of life in the future?

Self efficacy

Mary thinks that she is a good person. This observation reflects Mary's:

Self esteem

Daren is a 12-year old active boy. Sometimes when his friend Simon cheats on the game, he tends to get irritated. However, Darren controls his anger and tries explaining to Simon why it is bad practice to cheat. Which development aspect is Darren displaying in his actions?

Self regulation

The incidence of cancer in children has _____ in recent years.

Slightly increase

Karen is often praised for gender-typical behavior. her parents make statements like "Karen, you are such a good girl when you play with your doll!" Gender researchers would use this as support for what theory of gender development?

Social cognitive theory

___ is (are) a national government's course of action designed to promote the welfare of its citizens

Social policy

Quimby, age 15 months, looks to her mother to see if she should be afraid of the stranger who has come to her home. Quimby relaxes when she sees her mother smiling and speaking to the stranger in a calm voice. Quimby is engaging in:

Social referencing

According to Erik Erikson, which of the following stages is the most important issue to be negotiated in adolescence?

Identity vs. identity confusion

Sleep deprivation in middle-age has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT:

Improved cognitive functioning

Which of the following is NOT one of the five big personality traits identified by Costa and McCrae?

Adaptability

Prejudice against someone because of their age, especially prejudice against older adults, is known as:

Ageism

Mental age (MA) is:

An individual's level of mental development relative to others

Which of the following is a consistent finding regarding age identity?

As adults become older their age identity is younger than their chronological age

A recent study of college students from low-SES backgrounds and high SES backgrounds showed that college students from low SES backgrounds ____ than their high SES counterparts.

Ate more fast food and fewer vegetables and fruits

Erica, who has two children, marries Wayne, who has a daughter from a previous marriage. After the union, their family will be considered a ______ step-family.

Complex

According to recent research, which identity status might prove more adaptive in East Asian cultures than in the US?

Identity foreclosure

Marjorie chooses to deny, ignore, or change the negative emotions of her children. She is an:

Emotion dismissing parent

Which of the following is NOT an effective memory strategy?

Encourage memorization rather than understanding of information

Studies on friendship reveal that sixth-grade students who did not have a friend:

Engaged in less prosocial behavior

Which of the following statements about the activity of genes is true?

Events inside of the cell can excite or inhibit genetic expression

Which of the following statements regarding adolescent health is TRUE?

Fewer adolescents around the world die now from malnutrition

_____ refers to the match between a child's temperament and the environmental demands the child must cope with.

Goodness of fit

The maximum lifespan of humans:

Has not changed since the beginning of recorded history

Which of the following is TRUE about Austrian psychiatrist Viktor Frankl?

He argued that examining the finiteness of our existence

Research linking corporal punishment and child behavior has been associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

Higher levels of moral internalization

An adult in middle age will do most POORLY on which of the following tasks?

Hitting the brakes of a car when the light suddenly turns red

Infants show ____ when they are in familiar settings

Less stranger anxiety

According to research, decrease in cognitive functioning of older adults was linked to:

Loneliness and isolation

Katelyn is a recent 43 year old divorcee. She is likely to report feeling more ___ than her ex-husband, who is 45.

Lonely

According to recent research, all of the following are factors that positively influence the effectiveness of the zone of proximal development in children's learning and development EXCEPT:

Maternal depression

In a study of maltreating mothers and their one-year olds, one treatment that was found to be effective in reducing child maltreatment involved parent-infant psychotherapy that focused on improving:

Maternal infant attachment

Middle adulthood is referred to as the sandwich generation because:

Middle aged adults may have to care for their own adolescent children as well as their elderly parents

According to research by Rossi, which of the following were found to have the closest relationships during their adult years?

Mothers and daughters

Many individuals become wiser as they age, but their performance on tasks that require speed in processing information starts to decline. This illustrates how throughout life, some dimensions or components of a dimension expand and others shrink, or how development is:

Multidirectional

Which one of the five big personality traits was NOT linked to improved self-rated health?

Neuroticism

___ include biological processes such as puberty and menopause. They also include sociocultural, environmental processes such as beginning formal education and retirement.

Normative age-graded influences

Which of the following factors is MOST likely to predict high status for older adults in a culture?

Older persons control key family/community resources

Active euthanasia is legal in the state of

Oregon

In which of the following phases of Bowlby's model of attachment does attachment become focused on one figure, usually the primary care giver?

Phase 2

Which of the following is a gene-linked abnormality?

Phenylkentonuria

Jake, age 11 months, is able to pick up cereal and bits of fruit off the tray of his high chair by grasping them with his thumb and forefinger. Jake has developed the:

Pincer grip

The ____ is the area of the brain where higher-level thinking and self-regulation occur

Prefrontal cortex

Carrie's parents both have brown hair. However, Carrie gets genes for blonde hair from both parents, and as a result, she has blonde hair. This indicates that the gene for blonde hair is a ____

Recessive gene

A recent study revealed that ___ improves the sleep profile of older adults.

Regular exercise

All of the following are key features identified by Jeffrey Arnett as characterizing emerging adulthood EXCEPT:

Stability

Experts on infant socioemotional development, such as Jerome Kagan, conclude that ______ makes it unlikely that emotions which require thought can be experienced in the first year.

Structural immaturity of the infant brain

According to Levinson, the ___ rests on how effectively the individual reduces the polarities and accepts each of them as an integral part of his being.

Success of the midlife transition

Ethel is 50 years old, but appears much more aged in appearance. Most of Ethel's relatives don't live past the age of 60. Which of the following genes are responsible for the accelerated aging that is observed in Ethel and her family members?

Susceptibility

Which of the following statements about the characteristics of a clique is FALSE?

The average number of people in a clique is eight to ten

This concept, recently described by Phyllis Moen, reflects ingrained cultural beliefs theta engaging in hard world for long hours through adulthood, will produce a path to status, security, and happiness

The career mystique

A recent study revealed that peak thickness of the cerebral cortex occurs _____ in children with ADHD than in children without ADHD.

Three years later

When students make the transition to midlife or junior high school, they experience the _______ phenomenon moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the elementary school to being the youngest, smallest and least powerful students in the middle or junior high school.

Top-dog

The ____ approach to the study development emphasizes extensive change from birth to adolescence, especially during infancy, little or no change in adulthood, and decline in old age.

Traditional

Guidelines recommend that preschool children engage in _____ of physical activity per day.

Two hours

The growth spurt that characterizes pubertal change occurs approximately _______ for girls than boys.

Two years earlier

Which country listed has the lowest percentage of individuals adopting a single lifestyle?

United states

When faced with a conflict between law and conscience, a person who is at the ______ stage in Kohlberg's theory of moral development will follow conscience, even though the decision might involve personal risk.

Universal ethical principles

A parent who encourages his/her children to be independent but still places limits and controls on their actions is a(n):

authoritative parent

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is known as:

egocentrism

The U.S adolescent pregnancy rate is _____ times as high as the Netherlands.

eight

The food- scarce environment of our ancestors likely let to human's propensity to gorge when food is available and to crave high-caloric foods - a trait that might lead to an epidemic of obesity when food is

evolved mechanisms

Gina is MOST likely to experience disenfranchised grief if her ___ dies.

ex-husband

The ___ includes the cerebral cortex and several structures beneath it

forebrain

Researchers have found that in children from 3 to 6 years of age, the most rapid growth takes place in the _____ lobe areas of the brain.

frontal

Which of the following theories explains why older adults spend MOST of their time with familiar individuals and family?

socioemotional selectivity theory

Researchers are exploring ___ buffering strategies, such as exercises, in an effort to find ways to attenuate some of the negative effects of stress on the aging process.

stress

One area of math in which boys were found to be better at is:

visuospatial skills