Final Exam review: Nutrition
Carbohydrate: 4 Calories/gram, Protein: 4 Calories/gram, Fat: 9 Calories/gram, Vitamin C: 0 Calories/gram, Water: O Calories/gram
0 Calories/gram, 2 Calories/gram, 4 Calories/gram, 9 Calories/gram Match the nutrient with its equivalence in Calories/gram Carbohydrate Protein Fat Vitamin C Water
a
A small apple supplies 40,000________. a. calories b. kilocalories c. Calories d. Kilocalories
c
A teaspoon of sugar supplies about 16 kilocalories, which is the same as ________ calories. a. 160,000 b. 1.6 c. 16,000 d. 1600
a
An essential nutrient a. must be supplied by the diet b. is only in fortified foods c. is not in empty-calorie food d. is only in foods from animal sources
Source: Pancreas, Action: Breaks down partially digested proteins
Carboxypeptidase
d
Generally, human cells burn mostly _______ for energy. a. fiber b. fructose c. lactose d. glucose
Synthesis of glucose from amino acids, pyruvate, and other noncarbohydrates
Gluconeogenesis
Synthesis of glycogen from glucose
Glycogenesis
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose
Glycogenolysis
Conversion of glucose to pyruvate
Glycolysis
b
In the body, lipids______. a. contribute to proper body hydration b. help maintain cell membranes c. stimulate the production of vitamins d. are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber
d
In the body, lipids_______. a. stimulate the production of vitamins and minerals b. are necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber c. are needed for proper cholesterol digestion d. provide insulation against cold temperatures
Source: Small intestine, Action: Breaks down fat molecules
Intestinal lipase
b
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add? a. Liver b. Beans c. Milk d. Enriched flour
Protein, Protein, Protein, Protein, Lipid, Carbohydrate
List at least one macromolecule we've discussed in class that contains that functional group. Alcohol Carboxylic Acid Amine Amide Alkane Alkene
Parietal: C Chief: D G cell: E Mucuos: A Enterocyte: B
Match the Gastric gland cells with the components they secrete: a. Mucus b. Not a gastric gland cell c. Intrinsic factor and hydrochloric acid d. pepsinogen and lipase e. Gastrin
d
Most Americans purchase less than recommended amounts of ________. a. sugary beverages b. refined grain products c. red meats d. low-fat dairy products
Source: Pancreas, Action: Breaks down DNA and RNA into nucleotides
Nuclease
Source: Pancreas, Action: Breaking down of starch
Pancreatic amylase
Source: Pancreas, Action: Breaks down fat molecules
Pancreatic lipase
Conversion of glucose to five-carbon sugar phosphates
Pentose phosphate pathway
Source: Small Intestine, Action: Breaks down partially digested proteins
Peptidase
Source: Small intestine, Action: Breaks down complex sugars into simple sugars
Sucrase, maltase, lactase
b
Today's Americans buy more_______ than recommended. a. fish b. cheese c. eggs d. whole grains
False
True/False: Fiber is indigestible by humans because it is a branched chain, while starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched
True
True/False: Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water
True
True/False: Plants use glucose to make fiber and starch
Source: Pancreas, Action: Partially breaks down proteins
Trypsin, chymotrypsin
d
When muscle cells have more glucose than they need for energy, they may store some of the excess as _________. a. fiber b. certain B vitamins c. ketone bodies d. glycogen
c
Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? a. lunch meat b. tuna c. grapes d. margarine
a
Which of the following is a micronutrient? a. iron b. glucose c. fat d. protein
c
Which of the following is false about lipids? a. consumption is necessary to acquire certain vitamins b. has the highest energy density per mass of all macronutrients c. necessary for the absorption of dietary fiber d. all types can be synthesized in our bodies
c
Which of the following is not true? a. Proteins can be used to synthesize hormones b. Proteins can be used to hold the structure and form of our cells c. Proteins can synthesize trans fat in our bodies d. Proteins can synthesize glycogen in our bodies e. Proteins are made up of amino acids
a, b, f
Which of the following macromolecules contain nitrogen (select all that apply): a. DNA b. Metabolic enzymes c. Glycogen d. Fatty acids e. Cholesterol f. Amino Acids
c
Which of the following statements is true? a. Most people are born with the ability to choose a nutritious diet b. Nutrients are life-sustaining phytochemicals in food c. In the United States, poor eating habits contribute to some of the ten leading causes of death d. A person's diet is influenced by his or her blood type, birth order, and sustainability
d
Which of the following substances is not secreted by the human stomach? a. Mucus b. Intrinsic factor c. Gastric Juice d. Bile
c
Which of the following sweeteners provides 4kcal/g? a. stevia b. sucralose c. sucrose d. saccharin
Gastric lipase
breaks down fat molecules
Pepsinogen
produces pepsin for digesting proteins