Final exam
What is a shared limitation to both grafting an artificial crossbreeding methods of producing hybrids?
Chances of a success depends on how closely the plants are related.
Who first determined that fermentation could occur with enzymes extracted from used, instead of living yeast cells?
Eduard Buckner
Which foods are most commonly preserved in sugar or honey?
Fruit
Which taxonomic categories are included in the scientific names of organisms?
Genus and species
What do governments offer scientists and researchers in order to foster innovation?
Grants and financial awards
The main advantages of using molasses for ABE fermentation instead of other type of biomass include all of the following, except
It increases the acetone yield
What has the greatest influence on how long it takes to receive approval or clearance from the regulatory agency?
The potential risk to humans or the environment
What is the difference between US government regulation and a law?
Regulations are issued by government agencies
What is responsible for the different, distinctive flavors of all fermented foods, aside from the different taste of the Unpreserved food themselves?
The different micro organisms and active enzymes
When was Mendels Work first widely recognized?
1900
What does a virus particle probably most resemble, given the characteristics of viruses?
A bundle of DNA inside some sort of envelope
As global warming changes climates around the world, pes common in warmer climates are expected to spread and moved into a new regions. How can agricultural genetic engineering best help to provide the global foods supply against this problem?
By making plants more resistant to tropical diseases
How did the classical BioTechnology most support the growing demand for mass produce goods?
By making production methods more efficient
What is beer brewed from?
Grains like wheat and barley
What was the most significant way in which manage hunting was good preparation for later Domestication and selective breeding of animals?
It involves strategies for maintaining healthy populations
What is the most significant way in which manage hunting was good preparation for the later domestication and selective breeding of animals?
It involves strategies for maintaining healthy populations.
Dutch Gouda is an example of a cheese that is further preserved by sealing its entire surface with wax. What can most reasonably inferred about Gouda cheese preserved in this way?
It is a hard cheese
Matzoh Is a traditional Jewish bread that is thin, flat, and crispy like a cracker. What most likely accounts for these characteristics of matzoh?
It is unloved and has no yeast
Consider Mendels dihybrid cross experiments on Pea (seed) Color and shape. What is the most likely reason that the ratio of phenotypes is now called the dihybrid ratio?
It occurs with all dihybrid crosses.
Jesus says that grafting and artificial pollination are equally effective at creating hybrid crops. What is one advantage specific to grafting that he is forgetting?
It produces hybrid food more quickly
How did the classical period of biotechnology most change the commercial production of foods?
It reduced waste and enabled New food products to be developed.
How can a person tell whether a flowering plant has been successfully fertilized?
It will develop a seed and fruit
What is the most likely reason that one of the oldest varieties of wheat has chromosomes from three different varieties of wheat?
It's a long history of domestication
For what crops did George Washington carver develop new industrial uses?
Peanuts, sweet potatoes and soy
Suppose a farmer is trying to dry some apples after harvest. What is the best in first thing the farmers should do to dry the apples quickly, while still preserving the nutrients they contain?
Slice them
Which of these methods Mayland food some antibacterial qualities
Smoking
Vals is a botanist early experiments with hybridization built in consistently added to collected knowledge, leading straight to Gregor Mendel's later discoveries about genetic inheritance. Why is this conclusion not entirely correct?
Some experiments fail due to incorrect assumptions
A nursery owner Crossbreeze plants with red flowers and plants with white flowers to create hybrids with pink flowers. The offspring of these pink hybrids however have either pink red or white flowers. What does this example most ill straight?
Some hybrids breed true
Cattle word domesticated from aurochs, Or a very large, wild oxen. Spencer says that aurochs were bred to be smaller because that made them easier to control. What is another main reason for them being bred smaller that Brandon is overlooking?
Some meat from larger cattle would be wasted
In which region of the world were guinea pigs domesticated
South America
Government regulations must be balanced with all the following except
The desire to grow private profits
What is a Main connection between Industrail biotic and environmental science?
The goal of protecting the environment
Huyen Says that all of Mendels laws address what happens to jeans during meiosis which laws actually do concern how parents jeans end up in gametes?
The laws of segregation and independent assortment
Biotech and regular, synthetic polymers are chemicals used in a wide range of every day products, from plastic grocery bags and water bottles to auto parts in twice. What most likely makes biotic polymers more sustainable than regular polymers?
The use of renewable materials
With a little extra work and time, bakers can make bread at home without having to buy commercial used at the store. The most basic bread recipe begins with just flour and water. What is the most likely, alternative source of these that is also necessary to make bread?
The yeast existing in the air
What is the most likely reason that animals belong to different genre(plural of genius) Cannot create offspring?
Their bodies and behaviors are too different
Algae are very diverse, eukaryotic organisms that may be unicellular and microscopic or multicellular and very large, such as giant kelp. Algae cells have cell walls and conduct photosynthesis. What is the most likely reason that algae are typically thought to belong to the protist kingdom instead of the plant kingdom, given the definition of plants?
Their methods of reproduction
What characteristics of pea plants most enabled Mendels to easily observe the traits inherited by many successive generations and different prices?
Their short life cycles
Kingdoms differ for domains in all of the following ways except
They are not further subdivided
If a serious drought occurred, what is the greatest reason that a group of hunter gatherers would be better off than a sedentary population?
They could move to find food and water sources
Robert Hooke developed a complex compound microscope in 1665. How did scientist result in discoveries about plant cells impact the efforts of others to breed new varieties of plants during the scientific revolution?
They had no real impact on the efforts.
What was the advantage of using simpler organisms such as The fruit fly, rather than plants, for genetic research?
They reproduce more quickly
What was the most likely reason there is so little archaeological evidence from neolithic and Paleolithic hunter gatherers?
They used natural, lightweight materials for everything.
The first planned hybrids of plants were developed in the 18th century
True
What country are tulips native to?
Turkey
laws of segregation and independent assortment
1. Law of segregation- alleles of genes separate when gametes are formed 2. Law of independent assortment- factore for different characteristics are distributed to reproductive cells independently 3.Blood types- a b and o 4.Mono-, dihybrid, incomplete dominance, co-dominance, X- linked-
When was DNA recognized?
1944
A persons blood type such as a, B, AB or oh isn't inheritable trait, and an allele for a typo is recessive. Based on this information, if the blood types and genotypes of two parents are type B (BO) and type A (AO) what are the chances of her child will be blood type O?
25%
A national goal is to help small businesses develop bio technology products navigating the regulatory system what is the One tool that could most help these business?
A comprehensive, searchable website that guides the process
What is the main difference between a prokaryotic cell and a eukaryotic cell?
A prokaryotic cell has no distinct nucleus
How has a coordinated framework held federal regulatory agencies back from fully achieving their mission?
Agencies like the tools to regulate new biotech innovations
Genetics made it possible for police investigators to obtain DNA evidence from samples of hair, skin, saliva, and almost every other type of bodily material a criminal may leave at a crime scene. What can you most infer from this information?
Almost every cell in the body has the same DNA
When agriculture first weekend, a settled or satin Terry farming community was more likely to have all of the following, except
Animal attacks
A strawberry plant can create new plants simply by growing additional stem scolt runners at or just below the surface of the soil. What type of reproduction is this called?
Asexual
What does the term parthenogenesis refer to?
Asexual reproduction
Anton van Leeuwenhoek Call the cells that he saw through his microscopes and animalcules, Or a little animals, because the cells had structures that enable them to move on their own. Based on this information what type of cells was he probably looking at?
Bacteria
What gives DNA its famous double helix or ladder like structure?
Base pairs of nucleotides that are like rungs
What are two examples of fermented food products at likely develop from the accidental contamination and colonization of wet dreams by yeast?
Beer and bread
What food product was routinely included in the workers daily rations around the world?
Beer or wine
What was a specific designation Ereky meant when he created the word BioTechnology
Biological products for industrial gain
Which of these organisms is a part of the protist kingdom?
Blue green algae
Amylase are enzymes that break down starches and plant fibers by converting it into simple sugars. Based on this information, which industries are most likely to use Amylase
Brewing, textiles and paper
Route sellers were first used in which country?
Britain
How do bio technological methods of preserving and storing food generally help ensure that food stay safe to eat?
By controlling which micro organisms are in food
How is medical BioTechnology most likely to be miss used to contact bioterrorism?
By increasing the deathly nest and strength of biological agents.
Bakewell selective breeding experiment showed how distinct species could be created by allowing only chosen pairs of animals to meet. Based on this information, how was selective breeding most likely attempted in the previous centuries?
By keeping many males and females with desired traits together
How does ceiling preserve foods in jars or cans with lids and hot wax most help to prevent foodborne illnesses?
By keeping out harmful, airborne micro organisms
What was the main difference between the colena of animals and simply killing them
Calling prevents animals from passing on unwanted traits
What is the main difference between the killing of animals and simply killing them?
Colleen prevents animals from passing on unwanted traits.
In the United States, which crop most clearly illustrated hybridization from unintentional crossbreeding?
Corn
What modern crop is a result of selectively breeding the wild grass called Teosinte?
Corn
What is the main difference between drying food and curing food?
Curing uses salt instead of the sun and wind
According to modern geography where did Mendel live in work
Czech Republic
According to NASEM, What was the main problem with the federal government definition of bio technology?
Differed among the federal regulatory agencies.
What was the first military use a BioTechnology?
Dissolving folders with vinegar
Elijah says that a cells organelles are given this name because they look like a little organs. What is the best explanation of why Elijah's observation is correct?
Each organelle performs a specific function
In what way did the lifestyle of hunter gathers first send Terry farmers most overlap?
Early farmers continue to hunt for meat
According to fossil evidence, what organism first appeared around 2.5 million years ago?
Early humans
Viruses are Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
Eukaryotic
Companies like 23 and me and other gene sequencing agencies are regulated by which federal agency?
FDA
Agricultural biotech or Agri tech tech represents the largest market etc. biotech
False
Cold storage is a form of biotecnology
False
Gilead is a biotech drug that has cured chronic hepatitis
False
Moritz Traub named enzymes
False
The alcohol fermentation that creates. Typically involves vinegar
False
The domestication of animals begin before the domestication of plants
False
The female reproductive part of a plant Contains it's pollen
False
The genotype is a physical expression of a gene
False
The grid used to illustrate The inherit ability traits is called a Mendel square.
False
Louis reads that during the Neolithic age, one advantage of the hunting and gathering lifestyle is it a Kpop groups a more varied diet. What can you most infer about early agriculture from this information?
Farmers grew mainly green or one other staple crop.
When Mendel crossed his pure lines of purple and white flowering peas, each plant in the first filial generation had purple flowers. What must've been the plants genotype for this trait, if F represents purple and f represents white?
Ff
When distinguishing between plants, animals, and fungi, which characteristic of the organism would be the least helpful for identifying what it is?
Having cells with a nucleus
What will happen if squash and gords are panted too close to one another?
In edible squash cord hybrids will grow
In what modern day country do researchers think barley base pairs were first developed
Iraq
In what modern day country do researchers think barley base spears were first developed?
Iraq
How did the ability to isolate and culture a specific type of bacteria most benefit a wide variety of industries?
It Enable do you spell bacteria to be grown more efficiently.
When the United States entered World War I, a ABE fermentation was moved to the United States and molasses became the primary biomass for the process. What does this fact most illustrate about ABE fermentation
It can Use a variety of biological food sources
What do the different applications of ABE fermentation throughout recent history most illustrate about BioTechnology
It changes in response to the needs of society
What is the main reason that a plant produce by sexual reproduction is different from both of his parents?
It has a mix of its parents traits
What is the main reason the plant produce by sexual reproduction is different from both his parents?
It has a mix of its parents traits
Camila says biotechnology research and development playing important role in maintaining national security. What action of the US government best supports her observation?
Its funding for drugs that protect against bioterrorism
Who cultured the bacterium responsible for milk spoilage?
Joseph Lister
What type of fermentation is used to produce food such as sour cream and pickles?
Lactic acid fermentation
Chloe reads at approximately 2 billion years ago, chloroplast develop from photosynthesizing bacteria that were ingested, or taken into, eukaryotic cells. What does this information most illustrate about the evolution of life on earth?
Life began with prokaryotic cells and evolved to be more complex.
What is an object that scientist meeting for an agricultural genetic engineering?
Making a plant more disease resistance or productive
What process produces the gametes or reproductive cells of plants?
Meiosis
The selective breeding of wild weed or corn plants change them and all of the following ways except
Modern wheat and corn can grow better in the wild
What is believed to be the oldest crop propagated by crafting
Olives
Mia and Irene are debating the role of society in regulation. Mia says the investors and stock colors play An important roll in funding new product development. Irene says that there is also potential for downside or problem with their involvement. What is Irene most likely referring to?
Only innovations that seem the most profitable will be developed
In what modern day country was the potato probably first domesticated?
Peru
What eventually replaced ABE fermentation after the cost of molasses increase significantly?
Petro chemical production
The products from industrial biotech include all of the following items except
Pharmaceuticals
Food preservation methods that fall outside the area BioTechnology include all of the following, except
Pickling food
What stage of product development occurs before the developer submits a product for regulatory assessment or approval for its commercial sale?
Premarket
In the 19th century, discoveries about enzymes impacted the brewing and distilleing industries in much the same way as other biotecnological advances in impacted other industries. What was This major impact?
Production became much more efficient
Suppose a Post market surveillance of a drug reveals and it caused unexpected side effects and some people. What action with a regulatory agency and Company most likely take?
Recall the drug or product
What is an example of a traditionally preserve food product eaten today that is made by using acidic acid fermentation?
Red wine vinegar
Nichole says that selective breeding is essentially the same as evolution via natural selection, except that people help the evolution to occur faster. What is the main problem with Nichole's conclusion?
Selective breeding focuses on the traits most helpful to people
Nichole says it selective breeding is essentially the same as evolution by natural selection, except a People help evolution occur faster. What is the main problem with Nichole's conclusion?
Selective breeding focuses on the treats most helpful to people.
A museum exhibit shows the wool clothing and textiles made by Neolithic peoples in the Middle East and South America. What is most likely the source of war, based on the agriculture that developed in these regions?
Sheep, goats, llamas, and alpacas
A museum exhibit shows the wool clothing and textiles made by neolithic peoples in the Middle Eastn South America. What is most likely the source of wool, based on the agriculture that developed in these regions?
Sheep, goats, llamas, and alpacas
Maria says it domestic heating and raising life stock does not type people to permanent settlements in the same way that farming crops does, since animals can be moved. Why would this type of agriculture probably have been difficult for nomadic hunter gathers to do?
Suitable land for grazing is not available everywhere
What new concept did John Goss illustrate through his experiments with a garden pea hybrids?
That some traits are dominant over others
When did wealthy and well educated people in Europe begin collecting plants as a hobby?
The 18th century
Tony is celebrating with his coworkers because this company has just submitted its initial regulatory paperwork to the FDA for a new gene therapy technique. Why might be too early for the team to celebrate completing the step in the approval process?
The FDA may request or require more tests
What government agency was the driving force behind research and funding advances in US agricultural BioTechnology?
The USDA
Xiaowen says that once the process of fermentation is complete, all the fermenters (responsible micro organisms) naturally diet and disintegrate or disappear from food. What provides the best evidence that this is not always the case?
The active cultures in yogurt
When Robert Bakewell conducted his selective breeding experiments, what characteristic of sheep did he must want to improve?
The amount of meat produced by one sheep
When Robert Bakewell conducted his selective breeding experiments, what characteristic of sheep did he most want to improve?
The amount of meat produced from one sheep
Under the coordinated framework of the regulation of biotechnology, who must prove that new products and or techniques are unsafe for humans, animals, or the environment,
The regulatory agencies reviewing products
Which part of a Grafton fruit plant will produce a hybrid fruit?
The scion
Which area of Joseph Gottlieb Kolreuter's studies probably contributed the most to later studies of genetics?
The traits inherited by hybrids
Suppose a neolithic farmers is trying to decide which squash they want to grow again. From which squash is the farmer most likely to save seeds for the next planting season?
Those that grew the largest
What is the best description of how fungi reproduces?
Through spores
Why did scientist repeat Mendels experiments with pea plants using Files instead?
To confirm the findings applied to animals
Biotech detergent, contact lens solution, and meat tenderizers all leverage fermentation in the enzymes produced by east as active ingredients. What is the main action or general purpose of the enzymes in these products?
To dissolve proteins and fats
What is the main purpose of government regulations for new products and industry practices in the life sciences in BioTechnology Areas?
To protect consumers and the environment
When Louis Pasteur conducted experiments showing that microbes were airborne, what was the purpose for the beef broth?
To provide food for the microbes
Biotech crops have been able farmers to decrease their operating cost by using fewer pesticides
True
In ancient times, alcohol was a food like beverage that was safer to drinks in the water
True
Over 90% of potential Bio pharmaceutical drugs fail the pre-market stage of product development and I never submitted for regulatory approval
True
Rice was first domesticated in China.
True
The cells produced by meiosis are Genetically different from each other and the parent cell.
True
The development of agriculture was a gradual process instead of a sudden, revolutionary change
True
Companies who research and commercialize genetically engineered or genetically modified foods Are regulated by which federal agency
USDA
What types of Bio technological product is developed for use in both human medicine and agriculture?
Vaccines and medicines
What is made through fermentation and also used to help preserve other food products
Vinegar
What is the best explanation of why engineering Crops to be more tolerant of weed killers enables farmers just stop or reduce tillage?
Weeds can be killed with herbesides instead of thr tilling.
At what point in a settlements development was warfare Overland most likely to occur
When the existing land was insufficient for crops are herds
What did the German botanist who continued call River's work discover
Which crosses produce the healthiest hybrids
What is a genotype?
genetic makeup of an organism
