Final - LBST -- Architecture (AoH)
Royal Hospital for Seamen, Greenwich England 1696-1712
Architectural order attracts us as a defense against feelings of over-complication. We welcome environments that grant us an impression of regularity and predictability. Pleasures of visual order.
Plan Voisin, Paris, 1925, Le Corbusier(Renaissance man)
Bad architecture is in the end as much a failure of psychology as of design.
Prefabricated House, Anywhere 2012, USA > Chartres Cathedral, France (gothic style)
Challenge facing ordinary home builders is no different than which faced the architects of Chartres- to identify objects and decorative features which correlate with certain favorable inner states and encourage us to foster them within ourselves
St. Louis Arch, Missouri, 1963-65, Eero Saarinen, Architect
Grace and economy as well as strength monument to the westward expansion of the U.S. Panelized.
Maison de Verre, Pierre Chareau, 1931, Paris, France
House for Doctors, Reflects the magical promise of 20th century, referred to as a lyrical machine, tool for physical and psychological healing. Hygiene and precision. Robert Rubin owns the house
Kanagawa Institute of Technology, Japan, 2010- Junya Ishigami, Architects
I wanted to create a building where it isn't clear if there are any rules at all. "Makerspace", Contemporary Minimalism, Structure blurs indoors and outdoors, the ambiance of a tree-filled forest, not a college classroom, composed of 305 columns organized in a random grid.
>Huis Ten Bosch Dutch Village, Nagasaki, Japan
Japanese had been meticulous in their concern for authenticity, importing wood and bricks from Holland. Building should not only harmonize their parts but in addition cohere with their settings.
Hotel Nationale des Invalides, Commissioned by Louis XIV, 1670, Liberal Architect
Location of the first public gathering to mourn the victims of the Paris Attacks, this is where people could live if they had no where else to go, could even live with their family if need-be
Non-street, USA
Loss of oder; loss of design can make us especially sensitive and aware of the beauty of streets, having a direct influence on our very quality of life.
The "Illogical City", New York, Le Corbusier
Manhattan ought to be demolished to make way for a fresh and more 'Cartesian' attempt at urban
Salginatobel Bridge, Switzerland, Robert Maillart, 1930
Massive yet perfectly delicate concrete bridge. There is beauty in that which is stronger than we are. First concrete bridge designated an International Historic Civil. Elegant quality, slenderness ratio, feels lighter than it should be in form of what it is doing. Beauty.
Difference in Decision-Making Processes: >Louis XIV >Town Hall Meeting
Monarchy, what he said went. No discussion vs. People coming together to make the decision
Romare Bearden Park, Charlotte, 2013 (5 acres), LandDesign, Landscape architect
One of the great urban rooms of Charlotte
Central Park, NY, 1857 (843 acres), Frederick Law Olmstead, Landscape Architect
One of the great urban rooms of the world. NY Architects very strict and the park had to push to keep the amount of land that it has now and keep architect from building anymore.
Royal Crescent, Bath, England 1767-1774, John Wood the Younger, Architect
One of the great urban rooms of the world. Nothing especially promising about the hills of Bath before the architect got to them. Behind the buildings, you see the animated differences versus the front where they look all the same. Consistency had to be strict. Like the suburbs of any town in modern day America.
>Vietnam Memorial, for the veterans that died in the war, Washington, D.C. Maya Lin (Artist)
One side of the memorial (lines up with) the Lincoln memorial and the other side of the line lined up with the Washington Memorial Land art in some level, reframe the idea of a memorial rather to make it an experience. Wanted to make it like a surgeons "cut" like a "cut" in the earth, a wound Wanted the over 58,000 names to be the "substance" of the art, for people to descend and find the name of their loved on on the wall An apolitical design, simply looked for a way for family members to be able to connect to their lost loved ones Connection with the mirroring of the granite, be able to see yourself but also find your loved one Simple design but deep meaning Design makes a "V" Experience was a healing process
5 virtues
Order, Balance, Elegance, Coherence, Self- Knowledge
Architecture is too often described as
frivolous
World Trade Center, Minoru Yamasaki, Architect
"twin towers"
Vierzehnheiligen Pilgrimage Church, Banz, Germany 1772
(Baroque Period, 1600-1750)
Architectural parlante OR "Speaking Architecture
(architecture that explains its own function or identity)
Visual Coherence
Clarity, resolve, coinciding vocabularies
Visual Incoherence
Confusion, Conflicted, Clashing vocabularies
Promise of a Piece of Stone (in regards to a sculptor, "What is possible?")
--Promise is about human potential-- "Promise of a field, we owe it to the fields that our built landscape will not be inferior to the land it replaces."
Three Soldiers, 1984, Frederick Hart, Artist >Women's Memorial, 1993, Glenna Goodacre, Artist
-2nd and 3rd place artists, so that "everyone would be happy"
>Columbia University, Manhattan, NY 1893-1913
-Beaux-Arts architecture, the adoption of classical greek and roman stylistic vocabulary.
Coop Himmelb(I)au
-Drier House, Venice, CA 1995, Rhak House, -Hollywood Hills, CA 1990 (just modeled not built), -Metroburg High School #9, LA, CA 2008 -Open House, Malibu, CA- Created form an explosive sketch, the flow of energy in the drawing is translated into concrete form and structure. The building itself almost floats.
>Classical Style Buildings
-Greeks gave birth to Classical Style, the Romans copied and developed it.
Coherence & Self-Knowledge
-coming to terms of understanding the built environment
Thorncrown Chapel, Eureka Springs, AR, 1980, Faye Jones, Architect.
24ft by 60ft by 48ft and walled with glass. A resting spot for anyone that wanted to come and see their views. But now people want to see the building more so than the views. Non-denominational meditation chapel. At last minute decided that the building needed to be moved, in the middle of the woods to be protected by the trees rather than out and exposed. A sublime example of architecture that does not compete with the site but rather completes it "Not using anything too big for two men to carry along a narrow hillside path" was his construction method.
Villa Savoye- Poissy, Paris, France, Le Corbusier
A 'weekend' or 'country' house. "A machine to live in"- Le Corbusier Piano Nobile- following the "Classical architecture" rule Columns-- look "greek" The little window- with a sill, so that the child with a wheelchair could sit and draw or just simply look out into the French Country yard. Smallest step into the home to make it easier with the child with the wheelchair Ramp inside of the house, "architecture culminod". Sink in the middle of the lobby, for hygiene and cleanliness. Spiral stair has a classical elegance, way to move throughout the house
Manhattan Municipal Building, 1915
A beautiful high rise building was synonymous with a Classical building.
Tudor Revival & >English Cottage, 1925, J Bastanchury, Architect
A building that appears to be designed by a different team of architects; uncomfortable patchwork of contrasting styles
UNC Charlotte Campus
A campus that appears to be designed by the same team of architects; comfortable homogeneity of coinciding styles
Commercial Street, Los Angeles
A city that appears to be designed by different team of architects, uncomfortable patchwork of contrasting styles, "Incoherent landscape"
Back Bay, Boston
A city that appears to be designed by the same team of architects; comfortable homogeneity of coinciding styles, visually appealing because there's some variation and some sameness
Bjarke Ingels, BIG (Company)
A dreamworld, an escape, in the middle of Copenhagen, for skiing, snowboarding, etc. Very contemporary, very creative and out of the box thinking. "Architecture should be more like Minecraft" "Worldcraft"
Significance of architecture
A journey through the philosophy and psychology of architecture and the indelible connection between our identities and our places.
>The moving wall, 1984, John Devitt, Financier
A transportable version of the Vietnam memorial for people who couldn't get to Washington, D.C.
Traditional Country Street, England
A varied order can make us especially sensitive and aware of the beauty of streets, having a direct influence on our very quality of life. *Finding a happy medium between order and variation*
Auguste-Rene Rodin
Although Robin is generally considered the progenitor of modern sculpture, he did not set out to rebel against the past. Known for rough and chiseled sculptures, not smooth, sometimes cannot tell what the sculpture is up close, step back to take a better look. Trying to convey a message with the roughness. The Thinker, 1879-1889, Auguste Rodin, French Sculptor >>Monument to Balzac, 1891-1898
How do you define beauty?
An unanswerable question. The creation of beauty, once viewed as the central task of the architect, has quietly evaporated from serious professional discussion and retreated to a private imperative.
Villa La Rotonda, Vicenza, Italy (1591)
Andreas Palladio, Architect >Very symmetrical, "perfect proportions" *Rooms should be at least as high as they were broad, correct ratios between the lengths and sides of rooms were 1:1, 2:3, 3:4
What We Build
Desecration (dishonor the land) ---- inspiration (honor the land)
Stone House, Tavole, Italy, 1985, Herzog de Meuron, Architect
Exposition of a tension between the country and the city, the agrarian and the industrial. Exposed concrete frame within which are set loose, mortarless stones quarried from the surrounding slopes - a technology used for centuries
>Denis Diderot, Encyclopedie, 1751-72
For much of history, beauty was defined.
Ionic Villa, Regents Park, London 1990, Quinlan Terry and Raymond Erith, Architects
Problems: Form is not of its era Form communicates aristocratic pride which sits at odds with contemporary ideals Materials have flawlessness that mar the impression of aged dignity
Gugulun House, Versam, Switzerland, Peter Zumthor
Reconciling the old and the new on a Swiss Mountain; new kitchen, 2 bedrooms, reading room and a bathroom extending directly into the mountainside Regionalism vs. Modernism Design and execution is delicately done as he joins the old with the new, a sense of the continuum of time "Beauty is the child of the coherent relationship between parts"
>National 9/11 Memorial, 2011 Michael Arad, architect w. Peter Walker, Landscape Architect,
Reflecting Absence - Names were organized by who worked with who
Cloud Gate, (The Bean) Chicago, Anish Kapoor, Sculptor, 2006 >Leonard Street, NY, Anish Kapoor 2019
Simple form and non complex, but complex to make and shape (State of the Art) To arrive at a level of perfection, the mirror aspect.
>World Trade Center, NY 2011
Skidmore OWings and Meril, Architects - "Copy as best as you can" (prior to this project), now its about pluralism.
>Classical Style furnishings
The classical sensibility, was applied to interiors, chairs, ceilings, beds and baths.
Memorial to Cupid, Plymouth, England 1790 >Custom Home, Minneapolis, 2011
The desire to remember unites our reasons for building.... As we put up tombs to memorialize lost loved ones...
History of Light Switches, cultural artifacts
The inventors of the ones from the early 20th century would never have thought that we would be where we are today, in the 21st century.
>C20 Shepherd's Bush, Residential Tower, London, UK 1971
The windows made no concession to either their views or to their upward progression, but remained identically shaped and sized from ground floor to top. Louis Sullivan argues that many new tall buildings were in danger of stylistic incoherence
Rue de Castiglione, Paris
This spectacle of precision presents an impression of beauty tied to qualities of regularity and uniformity, inviting the conclusion that architectural greatness lies with order. Very common among all over Paris
>UVA, Charlottesville, VA 1819
Thomas Jefferson, architect ---Public education and opening up to the country
Barcelona Pavilion, Mies van der Rohe, 1929, 1929 International Exposition, Barcelona, Spain
Voice of the spirit of a new era. Was taken apart and destroyed after the expo >"Building as Exhibition"-- designed with charcoal (8 columns), demolished in 1930, Reconstructed 1983-1986 "Alba" Sculpture, Richard Kolbe
Pruitt-Igoe Housing Project; Minoru Yamasaki, 1951-54, St Louis, MO
Was once considered a dying city (losing population) Experimental project, that was considered awesome and the solution at the time That the community would benefit from all of the open space Problems: elevators wouldn't go to every single floor, and quality of rooms and equipments was low causing problems early on. Low income The entire place was demolished over a time span of 3 years, they did this in hopes that the area would one day "resuscitate" Redevelopment: Samuel Lima, 2012 (Entered a competition for what to do with the Pruitt-Igoe site)
Where is HOME?
We need home in the psychological sense as much as we do in the physical sense... to compensate for our vulnerability
Limits of Order, Glass Box Building, Anywhere (post 1950's)
When we stand in front of a building whose window consists of an identical square of reflective glass locked into an identical aluminum frame, whose every floor resembles every other, which makes no distinctions between right and left, front and back.
Map of London >Map of London (Proposal), 1666, Sir Christopher Wren, Architect
Wren's plan of London one week following the 1666 Great Fire of London, as presented to King Charles II -Rebuilt with brick to resist fire again
JFK Airport Terminal
You're about to leave this world and get one a piece of metal tube and do something extraordinary, design an experience that makes you aware of where you are and what you're about to do.
Ecole Polytechnique- (engineering, functionalism)
certainty, rise in a new confidence
When becoming an architecture what are the 3 E's?
education, experience and examination
Ecole des Beaux Arts- (arts, beauty)
great architecture was understood to reside in what was functionally necessary
Giacometti's sculpture expressed...
the loneliness and desire of man alienated from his authentic self in industrial society. >Hour of the Traces, Sculpture, 1930, Alberto Giacometti. We are witness to a ender and playful relationship thought the primordial medium of polished white marble. We sense a parable in stone about motherly love.
De Botton argues that the causes of both our happiness and our misery is...
the quality of our built environment and other things.