Final MUSIC
Claude Monet
A french painter Painted "impression: sunrise"
______________ is a term applied to medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines.
Alleluia **Organum Jongleurs Ostinato
An outstanding composer of the ars nova was
**Guillaume de Machaut. Perotin. Leonin. Pope Gregory I.
The German composers of art songs favored, among others, the lyric poetry of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and
**Heinrich Heine. Victor Hugo. William Wordsworth. Walt Whitman.
Josquin Desprez spent much of his life in
**Italy. Spain. Germany. the Netherlands.
The composer whose career was a model for many romantic composers was
**Ludwig van Beethoven. Joseph Haydn. Johann Sebastian Bach. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.
All of the following were major baroque composers except
**Pierluigi da Palestrina. Claudio Monteverdi. Antonio Vivaldi. Arcangelo Corelli.
The organization of beats into regular groups is called
**meter. syncopation. tempo. dynamics.
Gregorian Chant
**monophonic polyphonic homophonic no texture
A baroque musical composition usually expresses ____________within the same movement.
**one basic mood a wide variety of moods constantly changing moods All answers are correct.
Bach created masterpieces in every baroque form except
**opera. concerto. fugue. sonata.
Bach was recognized as the most eminent ____________ of his day.
**organist composer violinist cellist
An ____________ is an orchestral composition performed before the curtain rises on a dramatic work.
**overture aria opera opening
Register refers to
**part of an instrument's total range. playing two or more notes at the same time. the instrument manufacturer's brand name. the number of reeds an instrument uses.
The highest woodwind instrument in the orchestra is the
**piccolo flute. English horn. oboe. clarinet.
The distance between the lowest and highest tones a voice or instrument can produce is called
**pitch range. an octave. dynamic accent. timbre.
William Grant Still
American (1895-1978) 1st african AMerica compose -- work performed by a major american orchestra born in Woodville grew up in Little Rock, AR worked for W.C. Itandy, TN later wrote film scores in LA
George Gershwin (background)
American (1898-1937) wrote popular music, musical theater and serious concert music often co-wrote with brother Ira financially unsuccessful
Aaron Copland
American (1900-1990) wrote in modern style more accessible to audience than many other composers wrote simple yet highly professional
Nadia Boulanger
An extraordinary woman who taught several generations of American composers- was sympathetic to contemporary musical trends
The course of Brahms's artistic and personal life was shaped by the influence of the composer
Antonin Dvořák. **Robert Schumann and his wife Clara. Franz Liszt. Richard Wagner.
____________ refers to a vocal line that imitates the rhythms and pitch fluctuations of speech.
Aria Profondo **Recitative Ensemble
composers with Expressionism
Arnold Schoenberg Alban Berg Anton Webern Bela Bartok Charles Ives
The librettos to The Ring of the Nibelung were written by
Arrigo Boito. **Richard Wagner King Ludwig of Bavaria. Hans von Bülow.
Which of the following operas was not composed by Richard Wagner?
Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg Tristan and Isolde **Fidelio Parsifal
Sergi Diaghilev
Director of the Russian ballet, an extremely influential troupe which employed great painters as well as dancers, choreographers, and composers
Which of the following statements is not true?
During the nineteenth century, Europeans felt strongly that their homelands merited loyalty and self-sacrifice. In the romantic era, it was felt that the "national spirit" of a people resided in the "folk," the peasantry. Composers used folk tunes in their serious compositions to give their works a national identity. **The strongest impact of musical nationalism was felt in Italy, France, Germany, and Austria.
Which of the following is NOT true of Gregorian chant?
It conveys a calm, otherworldly quality. Its rhythm is flexible, without meter. The melodies tend to move by step within a narrow range of pitches. **It is usually polyphonic in texture.
The two giants of baroque composition were George Frideric Handel and
Johann Christian Bach. **Johann Sebastian Bach. Giovanni Gabrieli. Galileo Galilei.
The German master _____________ recommended Dvořák's music to his own publisher, resulting in a rapid spread of Dvořák's fame.
Joseph Haydn Richard Wagner Franz Liszt **Johannes Brahms
The strongest impact of musical nationalism was felt in
Russia. the Scandinavian countries. Poland and Bohemia. **All answers are correct.
What types of scales did composers use to create fresh sounds?
Scales from music outside western Europe utilized Some composers created their own scales/modes
A Survivor from Warsans
Schoenberg (1947) murder of 6 million Jews by Nazis during WW2 spoken in English English, German, Hebrew --3 language of schoenbergs life
Which of the following statements regarding the Renaissance is not true?
Secular vocal music was written for groups of solo voices and for solo voice with instrumental accompaniment. Secular music contained more rapid changes of mood than sacred music. A wealth of dance music published during the sixteenth century has survived. **Much of the instrumental music composed during the Renaissance was intended for church use.
THe FIrebird
Stravinsky
The Rite of Spring
Stravinsky (1913) "fleeting vision" imagination a solemn pagan rite - girl dancing herself to death
Which of the following forms was not used in composing art songs?
Strophic Modified-strophic. Through-composed. **Concerto
A sequence may be defined as
a resting place at the end of a phrase. the emotional focal point of a melody. a part of a melody. **the repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
The Italian term _____________ is a tempo marking to indicate a lively pace.
andante allegro adagio **vivace
Bionality
approach to pitch organization using 2 different keys are used at once - most common
Woodwind instruments are so named because they
are made of wood. use a wooden reed. have wooden key mechanisms. **were originally made of wood.
Leonin and Perotin are notable because they
are the first important composers known by name. indicated definite time values and a clearly defined meter in their music. were the leaders of the school of Notre Dame. **All answers are correct.
Medieval music that consists of Gregorian chant and one or more additional melodic lines is called
ars nova. **organum. cantus firmus. alleluia.
Expressionism
attempts to explore inner feelings rather than depict outward experience used deliberate distortions to assault and shock the audience to communicate anguish and tension
Tone Cluster
chord made up of tones only half a step or a whole step apart, music after 1900
Which of the following is not a brass instrument?
cornet French horn euphonium **English horn
The minuet is in _______ meter.
duple **triple quadruple common
The deliberate intent to draw creative inspiration from the composer's own homeland is known as
exoticism. individualism. **nationalism. verismo.
What pjilosophy or characteristics were assosiated with each of the "isms"
expressionism -- explore inner feelins used deliberate distortions nationalism -- music was national identity exocticism -- different places (foreign) EX. jazz impressionism -- like paintings serialism -- 12 tone techniques extended
In music, _________ refers to a characteristic way of using melody, rhythm, tone color, dynamics, harmony, texture, and form.
fashion technique **style convention
The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is
fast, dance-related, slow, fast. **fast, slow, dance-related, fast. fast, slow, fast, slow. slow, fast, slow, fast.
The dominant intellectual movement of the Renaissance was called
feudalism. **humanism. classicism. paganism.
The dominant chord is the triad built on the _________ step of the scale.
first second fourth **fifth
The movement of a symphony that is often patterned after a dance is the
first. second. **third. fourth.
Composers in the classical period took middle-class tastes into account by
flavoring their serious compositions with folk and popular music. writing comic operas that sometimes ridiculed the aristocracy. writing dance music for public balls. **All answers are correct.
Mozart composed his Requiem
for his own funeral. as an exercise for his composition teacher. **on commission from a stranger. to help his pupil Süssmayr.
A composition that alternates often between soft and loud dynamics can be said to be high in
form. **contrast. repetition. cadence.
Retaining some features of a musical idea while changing others is called
form. contrast. repetition. **variation.
intended for dancing
function of instrumental music in the renaissance
Rhapsody in Blue
gershwin (1924) most famous title reflects - free, rhapsodic form and blues flavor
he Lutheran chorale tunes
had been adapted from Catholic hymns. were composed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. had been adapted from folk songs. **All answers are correct.
The favored solo instrument in the classical concerto was the
harpsichord. cello. **piano. clarinet.
Vivaldi was famous and influential as a virtuoso
harpsichordist. opera singer. lutenist. **violinist.
sprechstimme
in German, speech voice, a style of vocal performance halfway between speaking and singing typical of Schoenberg and his followers
Some of Puccini's operas feature exoticism, as in his use of melodic and rhythmic elements derived from Japanese and Chinese music in his operas
Turandot and Manon Lescaut. La Bohème and Madame Butterfly. **Madame Butterfly and Turandot. Tosca and Turandot.
The Fantastic Symphony reflects Berlioz's
intense nationalism. experiences in Rome. **love for the actress Harriet Smithson. interest in composing for small, intimate ensembles.
Sonata form consists of three main sections: exposition, development, and
introduction. **recapitulation. motives. transition.
Charles Ives (background)
is an american 1874-1954) son of professional bandmaster insurance agent, music (composer)on side won pultizer prize for 3rd symphony in 1947
A major difference between a cantata and an oratorio is that an oratorio
is based on international dances. **is not intended for religious services. features solo singers. is based on biblical stories.
In most lute songs, the lute accompaniment
is given equal prominence with the voice. **is subordinate to the voice. is more prominent than the voice. plays the same melody as the voice.
A tone in music is a sound that
is pleasing to the ear. is produced by irregular vibrations. has an indefinite pitch. **has a definite pitch.
A virtual monopoly on learning during the Middle Ages was held by
knights in castles. professors in universities. **monks in monasteries. wandering minstrels or jongleurs.
Handel is associated with the __________ period.
late Renaissance early baroque **late baroque late Classical
Trouvère songs of the Middle Ages dealt with all of the following subjects except
love. dancing. the Crusades. **religion.
While in Paris, Chopin
married the famous writer Aurore Dudevant. **earned a good living by teaching piano to the daughters of the rich. gave a great number of successful public concerts. All answers are correct.
A ________________ is a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea.
mazurka program symphony **symphonic poem nocturne
In order to support his family, Schumann turned to
medicine. **musical journalism. arranging concerts. teaching.
The term ___________ refers to the speed of the beat of the music.
meter syncopation **tempo dynamics
Although all the movements of a baroque suite are in the same key, they differ in
meter. national origin. tempo. **All answers are correct.
Twelve -Tone System
method of composing in which all pitches of a composition are derived from a special ordering of the 12 chromatic tones no pitch occurs more than once in the 12 note row in order to equalize emphasis of pitches tone row, set or series developed by Schoenberg in 1920s
One function of secular music in the late Middle Ages was to provide accompaniment for
monasteries. church services. **dancing. monks and nuns.
Lute songs are mostly __________ in texture.
monophonic polyphonic **homophonic imitative
The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly
monophonic. homophonic. **polyphonic. heterophonic.
Ostinato
motive or phrase that is repeated persistently at the same pitch throughout a section 20th century to stabilize a group of pictures
Music intended to be performed before and during a play to set the mood for scenes or highlight dramatic action is known as
music drama. **incidental music. absolute music. play music.
Guillaume de Machaut's compositions consist mainly of
music for church services. Gregorian chants. dance music. **love songs with instrumental accompaniment.
Neoclassicism
musical style - emotional restraint, balance and clarity, inspired by the forms and stylstic features of 18th century music many works 1920-1950
Impressionism
musical style which stresses tone color, atmosphere and fluidity typical of De Bussy (1890-1920)
An artistic trend of the 1890s, in which operas dealt with ordinary people and true-to-life situations, was known as
opera seria. **verismo. exoticism. Cavalleria rusticana.
Haydn was a prolific composer, as demonstrated in part by his 68 string quartets and 104
operas. serenades. songs. **symphonies.
Oratorio differs from opera in that it has no
orchestral accompaniment. **acting, scenery, or costumes. choral part. vocal soloists.
Faun
part of a song
Purnams Camp, Redding, Connecticuit (1912)
part of three places in New England American history, life and landscape 2nd movement-childs impression of a 4th of july picnic 2 marching bands clash against each other
A chord is a
pattern of accents used in music. **combination of three or more tones sounded at once. series of individual tones heard one after another. resting point at the end of a phrase.
When music is created at the same time as it is performed, it is said to be
percussive. **improvised. pizzicato. registered.
Traditionally, a western classical composition would almost always end on a
progression. dissonant chord. dominant chord. **tonic chord.
An attempt was made to purify Catholic Church music as a result of the
protests of Martin Luther. **deliberations of the Council of Trent. complaints of Desiderius Erasmus. music of Palestrina.
Nonprogram music is also known as _____________ music.
pure **absolute concert symphonic
Today's movie scores may be regarded as examples of
pure music. **incidental music. folk music. absolute music.
In traditional western music, the __________ is the smallest interval between successive tones of a scale.
quarter step whole step **half step octave
A slight holding back or pressing forward of tempo in music is known as
ritardando. **rubato. accelerando. fermata.
A gradual decrease in loudness is known as a
ritardando. crescendo. fortissimo. **diminuendo.
The emotional focal point of a melody is called the
sequence. theme. cadence. **climax.
The _________ was the most popular instrument in the Renaissance home.
shawm regals sackbut **lute
A sonata intended to be played in church, and therefore dignified and suitable for sacred performance, was called a
sonata da camera. trio sonata. **sonata da chiesa. basso ostinato.
A sonata to be played at court, and therefore dancelike in character, was called a,
sonata da camera. trio sonata. sonata da chiesa. tarantella.
Sets of dance-inspired instrumental movements are called
sonatas. concertos. **suites. cantatas.
The movement in which the Catholic church sought to correct abuses and malpractices within its structure is known as
the Reformation. **the Counter-Reformation. Protestantism. the Inquisition.
The development of the English madrigal can be traced to 1588 and considered a result of
the Spanish armada. a decree by Queen Elizabeth. the writings of Shakespeare. **the publication in London of a volume of translated Italian madrigals.
The two types of services at which monks and nuns sang were
the salvation service and the holiness service. the monastery and the convent. **the office and the mass. the worship service and the praise service.
The highlight of the day for monks and nuns was
the service before sunrise. the service after sunset. the evening feast. **the mass.
The first and last movements of the concerto grosso are often in ____________ form.
theme and variations sonata **ritornello ternary
Renaissance melodies are usually easy to sing because
there is a sharply defined beat. the music is mostly homophonic. the level of musicianship in the Renaissance was not very high. **the melody often moves along a scale with few large leaps
Sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of the staff are collectively called the
time signature. music signature. **key signature. meter.
Classical chamber music is designed
to display the virtuosity of the players. **for the intimate setting of a small room. exclusively for performance by paid professional musicians. to be conducted by experienced orchestral directors.
The triad built on the fifth step of the scale is called the
tonic chord. **dominant chord. progression. resolution.
Baroque trio sonatas usually involve ____________ performers.
two three **four five
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky
was a child prodigy, learning music at an early age. preferred his government position to music. studied music theory and violin as a teenager. **began to study music theory at the age of twenty-one.
Johannes Brahms
was an admirer of Robert Schumann, but never met him. was a violinist who performed Clara Schumann's compositions. **was a close friend of Clara and Robert Schumann. married Clara Schumann after her husband died.
The orchestra in the romantic period
was basically the same as in the classical period. ranged from twenty to sixty players. **was larger and more varied in tone color than the classical orchestra. had a limited dynamic range due to the primitive nature of the brass instruments.
The Council of Trent attacked the church music of the Renaissance because it
was tiresomely monophonic. was based on Gregorian chant. **used secular tunes, noisy instruments, and theatrical singing. All answers are correct.
The stage machinery of baroque opera
was very primitive. **bordered on the colossal. was nonexistent. replaced set designs.
Schubert
was widely acknowledged as a composer in his lifetime. was very self-critical, which accounts for his meager output. produced his greatest works after the age of forty. **was the first great master of the romantic art song.
In a musical time signature, the upper number tells
what kind of note gets a beat. **how many beats fall in a measure. how many notes there are in a measure. how many measures there are in a composition.
Baroque suites frequently begin with a
**French overture. gavotte. gigue. sarabande.
The Renaissance madrigal is a
polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections. **piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love. dancelike song for several solo voices. polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text.
The Renaissance motet is a
polyphonic choral composition made up of five sections. piece for several solo voices set to a short poem, usually about love. dancelike song for several solo voices. **polyphonic choral work set to a sacred Latin text other than the ordinary of the mass.
Schubert's primary source of income came from his
position as music director to a noble court. touring as a virtuoso performer. performing as church organist. **musical compositions.
In many of Beethoven's works, there is a _______ movement instead of the minuet
presto **scherzo fugato ritornello
The first large body of secular songs that survives in decipherable notation was composed by
priests and monks. **French nobles called troubadours and trouvères. wandering minstrels or jongleurs. professional dancers and singers.
Stephane Mallarme
(1842-1898) Impressionist painter
The rondo may be schematically outlined as
**ABACABA. AABB. ABBABC. ABA.
Which of the following is the slowest tempo indication?
**Adagio Andante Allegro Vivace
Which of the following is NOT a part of the mass ordinary?
**Ave Maria Gloria Kyrie Credo
____________ is a musical idea repeated over and over in the bass while melodies above it constantly change.
**Basso ostinato Basso profundo Basso continuo Thoroughbass
Which of the following is not a characteristic aspect of romanticism in literature and painting?
**Emotional restraint Emotional subjectivity Exoticism Fantasy
A romantic composer who earned his living as a touring virtuoso was
**Franz Liszt. Hector Berlioz. Frédéric Chopin. Franz Schubert.
The composer who developed the symphonic poem was
**Franz Liszt. Ludwig van Beethoven. Franz Schubert. Richard Strauss.
Which of the following statements is not true?
**Political and economic power shifted during the classical period from the middle class to the aristocracy and the church. Joseph Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered a skilled servant, like a gardener or gamekeeper. Townspeople organized public concerts where, for the price of admission, they could hear the latest symphonies and concertos. Comic operas in the classical period treated middle-class subjects, had folklike tunes, and sometimes even ridiculed the aristocracy.
Which of the following statements is not true of the romantic art song?
**The art song is restricted to strophic form. A song cycle is a set of romantic art songs that may be unified by a story line that runs through the poems, or by musical ideas linking the songs. Through-composed, a translation of the German term durchkomponiert, is a song form that allows music to reflect a poem's changing moods. The accompaniment of a romantic art song is an integral part of the composer's conception, and it serves as an interpretive partner to the voice.
During the Middle Ages, what institution was the center of musical life?
**The church The castle The merchant's living room The king's court
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
**The trio sonata usually involved three performers, two on high instruments and one on a bass line. The sonata da chiesa had a dignified character and was suitable for sacred performance. Sonatas were played in palaces, in homes, and even before, during, and after church services. The sonata originated in Italy but spread to Germany, England, and France during the seventeenth century.
Mozart tried to find fame and fortune by moving to _________, at the age of twenty-five.
**Vienna Salzburg London Paris
Haydn's contract of employment shows that he was considered
**a skilled servant. a freelance musician. a visiting guest composer. an equal by his employer.
Handel's Messiah is an example of
**an oratorio. an opera. musical theater. a song.
The Italian term __________ is a tempo marking to indicate a moderately slow or walking pace.
**andante allegro adagio largo
The ________ is a regular, recurrent pulsation that divides music into equal units of time.
**beat syncopation tempo rhythm
Political and economic power shifted to the middle class from the aristocracy and the
**church. military. colonial powers. military-industrial complex.
The three main sections of a sonata-form movement are often followed by a concluding section known as the
**coda. theme. bridge. motive.
Which of the following is not a normal classification of male voice ranges?
**contralto baritone tenor bass
Forward motion, conflict, and change of mood are produced through
**contrast. repetition. homogeneity. dynamics.
An estampie is a medieval
**dance. stringed instrument. secular song form. song of worship.
The four main properties of musical sounds are pitch, dynamics, tone color, and
**duration. rhythm. melody. medium.
A dynamic accent occurs in music when a performer
**emphasizes a tone by playing it more loudly than the tones around it. plays all the notes loudly. stamps his or her foot on the floor. begins speeding up the music.
A typical sequence of movements in a classical concerto is
**fast, slow, fast. slow, fast, slow. fast, dance-related, fast. fast, slow, dance-related, fast.
The usual order of movements in a classical string quartet is
**fast, slow, minuet or scherzo, fast. fast, slow, fast, slow. slow, fast, slow, fast. fast, rondo, fast.
The early and late baroque periods differed in that composers in the late baroque
**favored polyphonic texture. favored homophonic texture. used extremely complex harmonies. favored purely instrumental music.
In the classical period, serious composition was flavored by
**folk and popular music. heroic and mythological plots. elaborately ornamented improvisational melodies. All answers are correct.
The musical element that refers to the way chords are constructed and how they follow each other is
**harmony. tempo. melody. meter.
In general, the smaller the vibrating element, the __________ its pitch.
**higher softer lower louder
Mendelssohn's Violin Concerto was inspired b
**his friendship the famous violinist Ferdinand David. Napoleon Bonaparte's conquest of Europe. Hector Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique. a performance of the great violin virtuoso Niccolò Paganini.
Staccato refers to playing or singing a melody
**in a short, detached manner. in a smooth, connected manner. at a higher or lower pitch. in small steps.
An ending to a melodic phrase that sets up expectations for continuation is known as a(n)
**incomplete cadence. complete cadence. sentence. theme.
A classical concerto is a three-movement work for
**instrumental soloist and orchestra. symphonic orchestra. instrumental soloist and piano. vocal soloist and orchestra.
We know from paintings and literary descriptions of the Middle Ages that
**instruments were used. trumpets and trombones were prominent. instruments were seldom used. large orchestras existed.
Tonality is another term for
**key. scale. chromaticism. modulation.
A smooth, connected style of playing a melody is known as
**legato. staccato. glissando. vibrato.
A short musical idea associated with a person, object, or thought, used by Richard Wagner in his operas, is called
**leitmotif. lied. unending melody. speech-song.
A versatile plucked string instrument with a body shaped like half a pear, popular during the Renaissance, was the
**lute. recorder. viol. shawm.
In medieval times, most polyphonic music was created by
**placing new melodic lines against known chants. harmonizing melodies with chords. having some singers embellish the sermon during church services. adding orchestral instruments to church music.
In the middle ages, most important musicians were
**priests traveling entertainers peasants women
A thin piece of cane, used singly or in pairs by woodwind players, is called a
**reed. mute. double stop. mouthpiece.
Each successive variation in a theme with variations
**retains some elements of the theme. is usually in a new key. is usually in the same key. presents a new melodic idea.
The first movement of a classical symphony is almost always fast, and in _____ form.
**sonata rondo minuet ABA
A musical statement followed by a contrasting statement and then a return of the original statement is in
**ternary form. binary form. free form. double form.
Handel's oratorios are usually based on
**the Old Testament. Greek mythology. the New Testament. Roman history.
In the recapitulation of a sonata-form movement
**the closing section is in the tonic key. a new theme is presented in the bridge. the second theme is in a new key. there is no second theme.
A melody that serves as the starting point for a more extended piece of music is called a
**theme. tune. climax. cadence.
The word chromatic comes from the Greek word chroma, color, and is used in music to refer to the
**twelve tones of the octave. eight tones of the octave. color of the instrumentation. use of colorful descriptions of the music.
What were the characteristics of musical culture in the 19th/earliest 20th century America?
-unusual playing techniques for sound effects -percussion use greatly extended -music not written for choirs of insturments -new chord structures
What countries did each "ism" centered around?
...
Which "ism" were reactions against other "isms"?
...
Classicism, as a stylistic period in western music, encompassed the years
1450-1600. 1600-1750. **1750-1820. 1820-1900.
Romanticism, as a stylistic period in western music, encompassed the years
1450-1600. 1600-1750. 1750-1820. **1820-1900.
Amy Beach
1st American woman to achieve international recognition as a composer of large scale works Child prodigy
Polyrhythm
2 or more contrasting, independent rhythms at the same time after 1900
What was the general climate in music during the early 20th century?
20th century was a time of revolt more fundamental changes in the language of music than any time since baroque variety of musical styles U.S. became potent force in music radio, TV, recordings were new modes in music women became more prominent
An orchestra toward the end of the romantic period might include close to ______ musicians.
24 40 60 **100
The Baroque period in western music is usually given as
450-1450. 1450-1600. **1600-1750. 1750-1820.
Which of the following statements is not true?
A classical concerto combines the virtuosity and interpretive abilities of a soloist with the wide range of tone color and dynamics of the orchestra. Cadenzas in a classical concerto were indicated in the score by a fermata, and the soloist was expected to improvise, there being no music in the score at that point. **A typical sequence of movements in a classical concerto is fast, slow, dance-related, fast. The first movement of a classical concerto is in sonata form, but has two expositions, one for the orchestra and one for the soloist.
Theme-and-variations form may be schematically outlined as
AABB. **AA'A''A'''A''''. ABA. ABACADA.
composers with classicalism
Aaron Copland
Which of the following is not a part of the Renaissance mass?
Agnus Dei Gloria Sanctus **Alleluia
Igor Stravinsky
Born in Russia 1920s-1930s, he was an international celebrity
Anton Webern
Born in Vienna (1883-1945) his music ridiculed in lifetime shot by a US soldier near the end of WWII
A composer who earned his/her living as a violin virtuoso was
Clara Schumann. **Niccolò Paganini. Robert Schumann. Frédéric Chopin.
Which of the following statements is not true of the music of the classical period?
Classical composers stressed balance and clarity of structure. The standard orchestra, comprised of four sections, evolved during the classical period. **The basso continuo was the nucleus of the instrumental ensemble. Classical melodies are among the most tuneful and easy to remember.
composers with Impressionism
Claude Debussy
Impressionist Painting
Colorfully depict the joys of life and beauties of nature- today 1870s- Seen as formless collections of tiny colored patches closely Far away, resemble painting of something
Appalachian Spring
Copland (1943-44) ballet score for Martina Graham 1945 : arranged into suits for a full orchestra
The founder of Czech national music was
César Cui. Antonin Dvořák. **Bedřich Smetana. Boris Godunov.
Which of the following statements is not true of the Renaissance?
Education was considered a status symbol by aristocrats and the upper middle class. **The Catholic church was even more powerful in the Renaissance than during the Middle Ages. Every educated person was expected to be trained in music. Musical activity gradually shifted from the church to the court.
Symbolist Poetry
Emphasized fludity, suggestion and the purely musical or sonorous effects of words
The Renaissance madrigal began around 1520 in
England. France. **Italy. Flanders.
When notating music for others to read, composers traditionally have used ____________ words to indicate dynamics
English **Italian German Russian
Harlem Renaissance
Flowering of African American culture during the years 1917-1935
Claude Debussy
French impressionist composer linked the romantic era with 20th century music Studied at the Paris Conservatory
The Third Symphony of Beethoven was originally composed to commemorate the deeds of _________ as the embodiment of heroism and democratic ideals.
George Washington **Napoleon Bonaparte the Marquis de Lafayette the Duke of Wellington
Porgy and Bess
Gershwin
Which of the following composers is not associated with the romantic period?
Giuseppe Verdi **Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Robert Schumann Frédéric Chopin
Afro- American Symphony
Grant Still )1931) composed shortly after great depression "blues could be elevated to the highest musical level"
The first oratorios were based on
Greek mythology. contemporary literature. Greek and Roman literature. **stories from the Bible.
composers with Neoclassicism
Igor Stravinsky Paul Hindemith Charles Ives
Which of the following statements is not true?
In most classical symphonies, each movement is a self-contained composition with its own themes. Beethoven's concluding movement of a symphony tends to be triumphant and heroic in character and sometimes is meant as the climax of the whole symphony. **The opening movement of a classical symphony is almost always slow and in ABA form. A classical symphony usually consists of four movements that evoke a wide range of emotions through contrasts of tempo and mood.
Which of the following is not true of the symphony?
It is a musical composition for orchestra, usually in four movements. It is a sonata for orchestra. It is an extended, ambitious composition exploiting the expanded range of the color and dynamics of the classical orchestra. **It is a musical composition for solo instrument and orchestra.
Which of the following about Vivaldi's La Primavera (Spring) from The Four Seasons is true?
It was little known during his life. Louis XV, king of France, detested the piece and banned it from performance. **The piece is an example of program music. Was written with a famous Venetian librettist.
Which of the following statements is not true of secular music in the Middle Ages?
Knights were able to gain great reputations as musical poets. **The medieval jongleurs, important sources of information in a time when there were no newspapers, were accordingly ranked on a high social level. Some 1,650 troubadour and trouvère melodies have been preserved. While the notation does not indicate rhythm, it is likely that many of the secular songs of the Middle Ages had a regular meter with a clearly defined beat.
The two main forms of sacred Renaissance music are the mass and the
Kyrie. **motet. madrigal. cantata.
John Phillip Sousa
Leading American composer and conductor of the band Nicknamed "march king"
In 1892, Dvořák went to ___________, where he spent almost three years as director of the National Conservatory of Music.
London Prague **New York Leipzig
_____________ is the effect of unexpected accents in the music
Meter **Syncopation Tempo Dynamics
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
Most early baroque operas were based on Greek mythology and ancient history. **The members of the Florentine Camerata based their theories on actual dramatic music that had come down to them from the Greeks. The members of the Florentine Camerata wanted to create a new vocal style modeled on the music of ancient Greek tragedy. Polyphony was rejected by the members of the Florentine Camerata because different words sounding simultaneously would obscure the text.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Mozart wrote masterpieces in all the musical forms of his time. Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart was continually on tour in England and Europe. **In his later years, Mozart was financially well off, widely acclaimed, and sought after by an adoring public. Mozart's trips to Italy enabled him to study and master the current operatic style.
Wagner had an opera house built to his own specifications in
Munich. Weimar. Dresden. **Bayreuth.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Musicians and audiences in the romantic period liked to read stories into all music, whether intended by the composer or not. The romantic concert overture was modeled after the opera overture, but the concert overture is not intended to usher in a stage work, being instead an independent composition. **The symphonic poem, or tone poem, is a two-movement composition in sonata-allegro form. Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet is an example of program music.
Verdi's first great success, an opera with strong political overtones, was
Oberto. Aïda. **Nabucco. La Traviata.
The longest period of Johann Sebastian Bach's professional life was spent as director of music at St. Thomas's Church in
Rome. **Leipzig. Cöthen. Eisenach.
Although Haydn spent most of his time in Hungary, he often traveled to ________, where his music was performed often and greatly admired.
Paris Venice Florence **London
Wagner's preeminence was such that an opera house of his own design was built in _________________, solely for performances of his music dramas.
Paris, France Geneva, Switzerland Leipzig, Germany **Bayreuth, Germany
The earliest known composers to write music with measured rhythm were
Pope Gregory and Chastelain de Couci. Machaut and Josquin. **Leonin and Perotin. All answers are correct.
Which of the following is not part of a sonata form movement?
Recapitulation Exposition Development **Rondo
_____________ in music adds support, depth, and richness to a melody.
Rhythm Tempo Meter **Harmony
As a youth, Franz Liszt was influenced by the performances of
Richard Wagner. Hector Berlioz. Robert Schumann. **Niccolò Paganini.
Which of the following statements is not true?
Tchaikovsky's progress in music was so rapid that after graduating from the St. Petersburg Conservatory he became professor of harmony at the new Moscow Conservatory. **Tchaikovsky was a happily-married family man with a cheerful, self-confident outlook. Tchaikovsky, while not a member of the "Russian five," considered himself Russian, in the fullest sense of the word. Tchaikovsky, with elements of French, Italian, and German music as well as Russian folk songs, fused national and international elements to produce intensely subjective and passionate music.
Which of the following statements is not true?
The finale of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony is based on Schiller's poem about human brotherhood, Ode to Joy. Beethoven opened new realms of musical expression that profoundly influenced composers throughout the nineteenth century. **Like Haydn and many other composers of the classical period, Beethoven depended on the aristocracy for his financial well-being. In the finale of his Ninth Symphony, Beethoven took the unprecedented step of using a chorus and four solo vocalists.
Which of the following statements is not true of Renaissance music?
The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly polyphonic. **Instrumental music became more important than vocal music during the Renaissance. The Renaissance period is sometimes called "the golden age" of a cappella choral music. Renaissance composers often used word painting, a musical representation of specific poetic images.
Which of the following would be a good example of a change in musical style?
The treble clef is used for relatively high pitch ranges, but the bass clef is used for lower ranges. **The major and minor scales were the basic scales of western music from the 1600s to the 1900s, but in the twentieth century many composers abandoned tonality. The men in the New York Philharmonic wear white tie and tails during the winter season, but for the summer concerts they wear black tie and white dinner jackets. All answers are correct.
Which of the following is not true of Robert Schumann's works?
They are intensely autobiographical. They are usually linked with descriptive titles, texts, or programs. They are frequently lyrical in nature. **They are all written for the piano.
WHy were composers attracted to popular folk music?
They were drawn to the unconventional rhythms Folk music could incorporate personal styles
Which of the following is not a characteristic of the minuet?
Triple meter Moderate tempo **Quick, lively tempo ABA form
Tchaikovsky's Romeo and Juliet is
a ballet based on Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet. a medley of popular melodies taken from his opera of that name. an early programmatic symphony inspired by the characters in Shakespeare's play. **a concert overture consisting of a slow introduction and a fast movement in sonata form.
Homophonic texture consists of
a single melodic line without accompaniment. **one main melody accompanied by chords. two or more melodies of relatively equal interest performed simultaneously. two or more different versions of the same basic melody performed simultaneously.
Atonality
absence of tonality, or key, characteristic of music in 20th or early 21st century
Instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene, popular during the romantic period, is called
absolute music. opera. **program music. symphony.
Melody may be defined as
an emotional focal point in a tune. a resting place at the end of a phrase. **a series of single notes which add up to a recognizable whole. the organization of beats into regular groupings.
Speechlike melody accompanied only by a basso continuo is called
basso ostinato. accompanied recitative. **secco recitative. congregational singing.
The element of music defined as the ordered flow of music through time, or more specifically, the particular arrangement of note lengths in a piece of music, is
beat. tempo. **rhythm. meter.
Arnold Schoenberg
born in vienna (1874-1951) 1st completely abandon traditional tonal system FATHER of the 12 tone came to america after the Nazi's taught at UCLA till death
A symphonic band is different fro an orchestra due to the absence of
brass percussion instruments a conductor **strings
The character of the minuet is best described as
brisk and lively. quiet and relaxed. heavy and ponderous. **stately and dignified.
Ira Gershwin
brother of George Gershwin lyricist
Gregorian chant melodies tend to move
by leaps over a wide range of pitches. **stepwise within a narrow range of pitches. infrequently, remaining on a single tone for long stretches. only by perfect intervals.
When the individual tones of a chord are sounded one after another instead of simultaneously, it is called a broken chord or a
cadence. **arpeggio. triad. progression.
The distance between a melody's lowest and highest tones is known as its
cadence. rhythm. **range. sequence.
A part of a melody is called a
cadence. sequence. **phrase. step.
In the baroque era, dynamics consisted mainly of sudden alterations between loud and soft called
cantus firmus. **terraced dynamics. basso continuo. basso ostinato.
In musical notation, pitches are written on a set of five horizontal lines called a
clef. bar. **staff. stem.
Polychord
combo of 2 chords sounded at the same time 20th century
Pope Gregory the Great
composed all of the Gregorian chants. published all of the Gregorian chants. **reorganized the Catholic church liturgy during his reign from 590 to 604. All answers are correct.
Renaissance music sounds fuller than medieval music because
composers considered the harmonic effect of chords rather than superimposing one melody above another. the bass register is used for the first time. the typical choral piece has four, five, or six voice parts of nearly equal melodic interest. **All answers are correct.
The intellectual movement called humanism
condemned any remnant of pagan antiquity. **focused on human life and its accomplishments. treated the Madonna as a childlike unearthly creature. focused on the afterlife in heaven and hell.
The simplest, most basic chord used in western music is the
consonance. dissonance. dyad. **triad
A combination of tones that is considered unstable and tense is called a
consonance. progression. **dissonance. chord.
The music the Medieval monks sang was called
contemporary gospel. **Gregorian chant. estampies. Trouvère songs.
If a flute player were to play a solo without any other accompaniment, the texture would be
contrapuntal. homophonic. **monophonic. polyphonic.
In the baroque period, the ordinary citizen's opportunities for hearing music usually came from the
corner tavern. **church. concert hall. court.
When a melodic idea is presented by one voice or instrument and then restated immediately by another voice or instrument, the technique is called
counterpoint. **imitation. copying. All answers are correct.
Guillaume de Machaut was a ______________ as well as a musician.
court official poet priest **All answers are correct.
Repetition is a technique widely used in music because it
creates a sense of unity. helps engrave a melody in the memory. provides a feeling of balance and symmetry. **All answers are correct.
The Renaissance may be described as an age of
curiosity and individualism. exploration and adventure. the "rebirth" of human creativity. **All answers are correct.
A gradual increase in loudness is known as a
decrescendo. **crescendo. fortissimo. diminuendo.
Monteverdi, an early baroque composer, strove to create music that was
difficult to perform. **passionate and dramatic. extremely complex. placid and smooth.
The _____ of a sound is decided by the frequency of its vibrations.
dynamics **Pitch timbre amplitude
A classical concerto greatly relies on a soloist's
education. independence. **virtuosity. ability to conduct.
The early baroque was characterized by
elaborate counterpoint. **homophonic texture. development of the standardized orchestra. diffusion of the style into every corner of Europe.
Besides the madrigal, the ________ was another type of secular music that enjoyed popularity during the Renaissance.
estampie motet **lute song galliard
Primitivism
evocation of primitive power through insistent rhythms + percussive sounds
A round is an example of
homophonic texture. monophonic texture. **strict imitation. monophonic diversity.
Musical texture refers to
how many different layers of sound are heard at the same time. what kind of layers of sound are heard (melody or harmony). how layers of sound are related to each other. **All answers are correct.
A ____________ is an instrumental composition in several movements based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea.
nocturne **program symphony polonaise concert overture
A _______ is placed at the beginning of a staff to show the exact pitch of each line and space.
note **clef ledger line sharp sign
In musical notation, silence is indicated by
notes. clefs. **rests. beams.
A concerto grosso most often has ____________ movement(s).
one two **three four
In Bach's day, the Lutheran church service lasted about ____________ hour(s).
one two three **four
Gregorian chant consists of
one instrument playing alone. **melody sung without accompaniment. several voices singing in harmony. several instruments playing together.
The wandering minstrels, or jongleurs, of the Middle Ages
performed music and acrobatics in castles, taverns, and town squares. lived on the lowest level of society. played instrumental dances on harps, fiddles, and lutes. **All answers are correct.
The most important form of classical chamber music is the
piano trio. string quintet. **string quartet. violin and piano sonata
The Italian dynamic markings traditionally used to indicate very soft, soft, and very loud are respectively
piano, mezzo forte, forte. mezzo piano, forte, fortissimo. **pianissimo, piano, fortissimo. pianissimo, forte, fortissimo.
Polytonality
pitch organization use of 2 or more keys at 1 time after 1900
When tones are separated by the interval called a(n) ______, they sound very much alike.
pitch range dyad **Octave cycle
The medieval jongleurs, important sources of information in a time when there were no newspapers, were
ranked on a high social level. **on the lowest social level. equal in rank to the troubadours and trouvères. welcomed by the nobility as distinguished guests.
During the Renaissance every educated person was expected to
read musical notation. play a musical instrument. be skilled in dance. **All answers are correct.
Between the ages of six and fifteen, Mozart
received an excellent formal education in Salzburg. went to Vienna to study with Haydn. **was continually on tour in England and Europe. played in the archbishop's orchestra in Salzburg.
Castrati
received the highest fees of any musicians. combined the lung power of a man with the vocal range of a woman. were male singers who had been castrated before puberty. **All answers are correct.
The treble clef is used for
relatively low pitches, such as those played by a pianist's left hand. **relatively high pitches, such as those played by the pianist's right hand. drums and nonpitched percussion instruments. middle range pitches, such as those played by the violas.
A melody is said to move by steps if it moves by
repeating the same notes. alternating rests and notes. large intervals. **adjacent scale tones.
A very important musical part of every middle-class home during the romantic period was the
resident composer/performer. **piano. violin. flute.
The opening motive of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5 has a ____________ rhythm.
short-long-short **short-short-short-long long-long-short short-short-long
Because of its character, the rondo most often serves as a
slow movement. first movement. set of variations. **finale.
Tone color is synonymous with
sound. amplitude. **timbre. dynamic accent.
Congregational singing of chorales was an important way for people to
stay awake during long sermons. **participate directly in the service. learn new music. All answers are correct.
The form of The Erlking is
strophic. modified strophic. **through-composed. None of these.
A type of polyphonic composition based on one main theme is a
subject. concerto. episode. **fugue.
In their use of aria, duet, and recitative, Bach's cantatas closely resembled the ____________ of the time.
suites **operas concertos sonatas
The form consisting of a musical statement followed by a counterstatement would be called
ternary. **binary. free. All answers are correct.
The French secular songs of the Middle Ages were often concerned with
the Crusades. dancing. love. **All answers are correct.
Modulation refers to
the central tone of a musical composition. an independence from major or minor scales. the sharp or flat signs immediately following the clef sign at the beginning of the staff of a musical composition. **a shift from one key to another within the same composition.
n the exposition of a sonata-form movement
the closing theme is in the tonic key. a new theme is always presented in the bridge. **the second theme is in a new key. a new meter enters with the second theme.
Much of the instrumental music composed during the Renaissance was intended for
the concert hall. religious worship. **dancing. the piano.
Pitch is defined as
the degree of loudness or softness in music. the quality that distinguishes musical sounds. **the relative highness or lowness that we hear in a sound. leaning on a musical note.
A cadence is
the emotional focal point of a melody. **a resting place at the end of a phrase. a melody that serves as the starting point for a more extended piece of music. the repetition of a melodic pattern at a higher or lower pitch.
Western music uses ____________ letters of the alphabet to indicate pitch.
the first five **the first seven a wide variety the last three
Among other causes, secular music became more important than sacred music in the fourteenth century because
the literature of the time stressed earthly sensuality. rival popes claimed authority at the same time, thereby weakening the authority of the church. the feudal system had gone into decline. **All answers are correct.
Among other causes, secular music became more important than sacred music in the fourteenth century because
the literature of the time stressed earthly sensuality. rival popes claimed authority at the same time, thereby weakening the authority of the church. the feudal system had gone into decline. **All answers are correct.
Key refers to
the major scale. **a central tone, scale, and chord. any twelve random pitches. a musical symbol placed at the beginning of the staff.
Dvořák "found a secure basis for a new national [American] musical school" in
the music of New York. **African American spirituals. western art music as taught at the National Conservatory of Music. the traditional folk music of European immigrants.
Affections in baroque usage refers to
the nobility's manner of deportment. the doctrine of universal brotherhood. terraced dynamics. **emotional states or moods of music.
Dynamics in music refer to
the quality that distinguishes musical sounds. the relative highness or lowness we hear in a sound. an exemplary performance. **the degree of loudness and softness.
The ars nova or new art differed from older music in that
the subjects were all secular. there was no syncopation. **a new system of notation permitted composers to specify almost any rhythmic pattern. the music emphasized homophonic texture.
The range of a singer's voice depends on
training and musical style. physical makeup. **training and physical makeup. which microphone the singer uses.
A series of chords is called a(n)
triad. **progression. arpeggio. consonance
When a dissonance moves to a consonance, it can be called a
triad. chord. **resolution. broken chord.
A cappella refers to
unaccompanied choral music. men taking their hats off in church. singing in a hushed manner. any form of music appropriate for church use.
Composers expressed musical nationalism in their music by
using the rhythms of the dances of their homelands. using their national legends as subject matter. basing their music on the folk songs of their country. **All answers are correct.
The string quartet
usually consists of four movements. is the most important form in classical chamber music. is written for two violins, viola, and cello. **All answers are correct.
The vibrations of brass instruments come from
valves. a single reed. a double reed. **the musician's lips.