Final Psyc

Generalizing from the textbook and lecture, the children who are most likely to think of themselves as being "off schedule" with respect to their physical development are girls who mature _____ and boys who mature _____.

Early;late

Which theorist stressed the psychosocial conflicts faced by individuals at specific points in time as a crisis of internal forces of biology and the demands of society?

Erik Erikson

Which of the following statements suggests that rising levels of the protein leptin is an important signal that tells the body it is ready for puberty?

Excessive thinness can delay onset of puberty.

Which of the following statements about puberty in girls is false?

Menarche occurs very early in the process of sexual development.

Which of the following statements about the production of hormones at puberty is false?

The body begins to produce several hormones that have not been present in the body up until this time.

The term puberty refers to the period during which:

an individual becomes capable of sexual reproduction.

Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with being an early-maturing girl?

being less popular, especially with boys

James Coleman believes adolescents develop a different culture from their parents, called a __________, which may be more hostile to the adult's values and beliefs.

counterculture

George is a 14 year old boy. Based on his age, he is in

early adolescence.

Which of the following characteristics is not associated with being an early-maturing boy?

ewer problem behaviors

Anthropologists Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead believe the transition from adolescence to adulthood is ________ in a nonindustrialized society.

gradual and peaceful

Adrenarche contributes to the development of body ______, signaling the beginning of sexual maturation to others.

odor

According to Freud, people are born with

only an Id.

in Bronfenbrennar's System theory, the chrono-systerm refers to

the ways that developmental trajectories interact in the other systems, but especially in the microsystem.

Which of the following is not part of the feedback loop in the endocrine system?

thyroid hormones

The most important legacy of G. Stanley Hall's view of adolescence is the notion of a period of ______ as a result of hormonal changes.

"storm and stress"

The period of adolescence has lengthened during the last _____ years as a result of earlier maturation and later attainment of careers and marriage.

100

The biosocial theorist considered to be the "father" of the scientific study of adolescence is __________.

G. Stanley Hall

__________ theorists have been very influential in the study of adolescent development because they have helped understand how a specific environment where the adolescent lives will shape their behavior.

Learning

Which of the following girls will experience the greatest menstrual discomfort?

Loryn, who has a negative attitude toward menarche

Hormones play two very different roles in adolescence. _______ hormones program the brain to behave in certain ways, whereas _______ hormones are thought to stimulate development of the secondary sex characteristics.

Organizational; activational

Studies show that adolescent mood swings are most closely related to changes in:

activities.

The simultaneous release of growth hormones, thyroid hormones, and _________ stimulates rapid acceleration in height and weight during puberty.

androgens

The _____ is the minimal amount of energy one uses when resting.

basal metabolism rate

Suzanne and Greg are the first members of their class to begin the pubertal transition. Based on what you know about early-maturing adolescents, Suzanne and Greg are more likely to:

become involved in illegal activities.

The theorists that emphasize the processes of reinforcement and punishment as the main influence on adolescent behavior are called _______.

behaviorists

The most virulent threats to adolescent health come from all of the following, except:

chronic disabilities, such as cancer.

According to the textbook, in general, the amount of time individuals spend in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity:

decreases from childhood to adolescence.

Given a choice, Mike would prefer to stay up until 1:00 a.m. and sleep until 10:00 a.m. This pattern is called the:

delayed phase preference.

The theory stressing the simultaneous development of two different brain systems governing brain processes and regulating self-control and thinking abilities is called _______.

dual systems

Parent and teenager relationships are influenced by the ________ they have about each other.

expectations

The adolescent growth spurt:

generally begins two years earlier for girls than for boys.

Avram is considered a late-maturing boy. A year after pubertal onset, we would expect Avram to show all of the following advantages over his early-maturing peers, except:

greater athletic ability.

Although both sexes experience changes in muscle tissue and body fat, the ratio of muscle to body fat is:

greater in boys than girls.

The first sign of puberty in girls is generally:

growth of breasts.

According to the textbook, when compared to their less mature peers, adolescents who are physically mature are:

more likely to be involved in cross-sex activities such as going out on dates.

Which of the following can delay the onset of puberty?

nutritional deficiencies excessive exercise stress

Theorists who recognize both the importance of biological changes on adolescents and the ways in which contextual forces can interact and modify these biological forces are called _______ theorists.

organismic

Which of the following factors have not been found to influence the onset of maturation?

peer pressure

Ozzie in a 14-year-old teen who has grown taller and has now begun to have enough facial hair to start shaving. This is a sign that Ozzie has reached ______.

puberty

In operant conditioning, if a consequence causes the frequency of the behavior to decrease, then that consequence is a

punishment

A ceremony or ritual marking an individual's transition from one social status to another, especially the transition to adulthood, is called a _________.

rite of passage

Over the past century, the onset of puberty has been coming at an earlier age. This has been referred to as the:

secular trend.

In the _______ theory of development, adolescents learn how to behave through reinforcement and punishment as well as by watching and imitating those around them.

social learning

While the Oedipal conflict is resolved through identification with the father in the preschool years,

the Electra conflict cannot be fully resolved until adulthood.

G. Stanley Hall was strongly influenced by _______, the founder of evolution theory.

Charles Darwin