final review- exam 3 - smith

The human body uses electrical energy internally to perform many vital functions, such as heart beat and nerve conduction. What frequency would elicit the least reaction from the body?

100,000 Hertz/sec

The frequency of household current is_________________.

60 Hertz per second

________________________, is destruction of tissue in which a radiofrequency electrode is placed directly into the tissue to be destroyed.

Ablation

________________is a type of electrical current in which electricity changes direction in order to complete its circuit.

Alternating current

Direct application of a hot object to tissue is called ______________.

Cautery

The mechanical energy device that uses an ultrasonic vibrating tip to "break up" and vacuum away tissue is the______________________.

Cavitational Ultrasonic Suction Aspirator

The pathway for the uninterrupted flow of electrons is known as the_________________.

Circuit

_________________is the number of waves that pass a point in one second

Frequency

An example of solid LASER meduim is_________________.

Holmium and Neodymium

The characteristics of LASER light include all of the following, EXCEPT_______________.

Its waves are all in a steady stream, (Continuous)

____________uses an intensely hot, precisely focused light beam to cut and coagulate tissue.

Laser surgery

___________________is a characteristic of laser light in which the frequency of each wave is the same, making them all one color.

Monochromatic

In computer technology, the_____________is the computer's memory capacity.

RAM

In addition to waveform and power setting, tissue effect depends on:

Size of the electode Time genereator is activated Manipulation of electrode ** All variables are correct

__________________energy is created when electricity is transformed into mechanical energy to high frequency vibration and friction.

Ultrasonic

Which of the concepts of electrosurgical unit (ESU) electrical energy flow is correct?

Use of monopolar energy flow requires the use of a patient return electrode.

An________is a discrete unit made of matter consisting of charged particles.

atom

In______________electrosurgery, the active output and patient return functions are both accomplished at the site of surgery.

bipolar

The patient return electrode, or PRE can be called all EXCEPT?

bipolar electrode

When an object travels in a circle, the distance of its path is called_______________.

circumference

Fulguration, also called (spray coagulation) is accomplished in the _________________mode.

coagulation

High voltage energy is used in the __________________electosurgery mode.

coagulation

Cryosurgery is the use of an extremely__________instrument or substance to destroy tissue.

cold

A type of lens that is thinner at the middle than at the edges bends light rays away from the center. This type of lens is called_________.

concave

The heat transference that results from contact of internal organs with a cool irrigation solution is___________.

conduction

The transfer of heat from one substance to another by the natural movement of molecules that sets other molecules in motion is defined as________________

conduction

A___________is the greatest point of disturbance in a medium such as water or air.

crest

Electrosurgical generators are able to produce a variety of electrical waveforms, each producing a different tissue effect. A constant low voltage waveform produces heat rapidly and is used for the ______mode.

cut

________________coupling occurs when the user accidently activates the generator while the active electrode is near another conductive object.

direct

Most energy is derived from electromagnetic waves. The ____________of the electromagnetic waves determines the type of energy produced.

frequency

The____________state of matter occurs when the energy applied to it is greater than the energy bonds that hold the molecules together.

gas

In electrical circuits, the__________in a plug or receptacle captures current that has escaped from its intended pathway and discharges it into the ground.

ground wire

In computer technology, the_________is a paper form of data.

hard copy

A computer's ______________comprises its physical components, and the electronic components are known as __________________.

hardware, software

Vaporization of tissue with the ESU pencil is accomplished by____________________________.

holding the electrode slightly above the tissue and sparking to tissue

The_______________, a visual cue on a computer monitor,is a small picture or graphic that is linked or connected electronically to data contained in the compute

icon

The constriction of electrical current by a nonconductive material, which results in heat is known as.

impedance

When the path of electricity is interrupted by a less conductive medium, this is called_______________.

impedance

During surgery the active electrode pencil must be kept______________when not in use.

in the plastic holster

During surgery, the OR team must suspect a problem if the surgeon repeatedly requests____________________of the ESU.

increase in power

In physics,__________________is the study of objects and motion.

mechanics

_______________is the most commonly used electrosurgical modality.

monopolar

In physics, ________is the name given to a light particle.

photon

Which particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

protons and neutrons

Vessel sealing systems use_______________________waves and physical pressure to create a weld in tissue bundles.

radiofrequency

Which of the following materials is NOT a conductor of electrical energy?

rubber

In laser surgery, some cells absorb the lasing meduim and others do not, this is known as______________.

selective absorption

The negative or lowest point on a wave is a________________.

trough

A technology that uses high-frequency wave energy to identify anatomical structures and anomalies is known as______________________.

ultrasound

All personnel entering a room in which a laser is in use must__________________.

wear the appropriate eye protection