Final study guide

Which of the following is an example of how the hidden cirriculum can reinforce inequality?

curriculum may recognize and celebrate diversity, but most professors and administrators are white and heterosexual.

one of the reasons the US has poorer health outcomes compared to wealthy nations can be attributed to the unequal........

disparate health studies

affirmative action programs in employment and education starting in the 1960s and were implemented with the goals to

ensure that applicants are considered regardless of race, gender and national origin

About 35 million men and women in the United States do not read, write or do basic arithmetic well enough to carry out daily responsibilities. This situation is the problem of

functional illiteracy

although women experience more health problems than men, they have higher rates of longevity, outliving men by an adverage of 6 years. what term describes this anomaly

gendered age gap

our text cites research supporting the effectiveness of various crime reduction policies. Which of these has NOT been shown to be effective

get tough

a transgender individual is someone who

has a gender that goes against the socially prescribed match between gender identify and physical

our text defines _______ as the provision of medical services, to prevent, diagnose and treat medical problems

health care

which of the following is NOT an example of heterosexual priviledge

heterosexuals are likely to be questions whether they can be good parents

Following social-conflict analysis of education, the fact that our school system socializes all students to be obedient citizens who are respectful of authority is one example of schooling's

hidden curriculum

sex research alfred c kinsey found the following in his research

homosexual experiences occur more frequently than commonly believed

The urban population of the world is increasing about twice as fast as the world population. This is because

in search of economic opportunity, better schooling and better quality of life

how does symbolic interactionist theory view classification and poverty

in terms of how stratification and poverty influence people's life experiences and social interactions

your textbook quotes research about the publics acceptance levels of same sex relationships which in recent decades have

increased

Changes in U.S. families over the last several decades include

increased rates of births in unmarried women

according to the textbook CEO salaries are

increasing as average emplyees salaries stagnate

Alexa wants to earn a good income. She notices that in her low income, high crime neighborhood drug dealers have more wealth than most. Alexa doesn't feel she can afford to go to college, so she starts dealing drugs. In the framework of Merton's Anomie theory, Alexa would be classified as

innovative

according to our text, what factors contribute to the high cost of U.S. health care?

large amounts of administrative costs (middle bureaucrats between patients and providers)

what is one reason for the decrease in number of unions in the US during the past decade

loopholes in labor laws the enable employers to prevent employees from joining a union

Critics of the U.S. poverty line argue that

low-income families today spend far less than one-third of their income on food.

Which policy directs schools to integrate students with special needs into the overall educational program?

mainstreaming

the common theme in the writings of Tonnies, Durkheim and Simmel is the impersonality of cities. Urban living, it seems

makes people indifferent to those aruond them

the united states is a nation of cities; 81% of our population lives in an urban area. this means that

many problems we face as a society are problems of cities and urban life

Juan's doctor diagnosed him with hypertension. She advised him to exercise regularly, but juan did not follow through. Juan's noncompliance

medical deviance

criminal activity conducted by members of a hierarchically arranged structure devoted primarily to making money through illegal means is known as

organized crime

your book emphasizes that although race is not real, it affects lived experiences because

people perceive race as being real and then act accordingly

what is heterosexism

prejudice and discrimination against LGBTQ people and their sexual behavior

Which of these are NOT a function of the family as seen through the lens of functionalists?

providing entertainment

what is a key features

public housing

The term dropping out refers to

quitting school before earning a high school diploma

your book explains institutional discrimination and describes it in the following ways

relates to institutional practices

Kelton puts in his 2 weeks at his job. Several months later while cleaning out his tool bag, he realizes that he has company tools. He decides to keep the property. All told, the property stolen amounts to about $476. Kelton feels bad but knows that he could be charged criminally for keepign the property. What method of gathering crime data could he report this theft to

self-report offender survey

this is one of the functions of work according to the functionist perspective

shapes a person's identity as a worker

this is not a consequence of economic inequality according to your textbook

social cohesion

this is not one of the reasons for the existence of poverty in the US

the correct answer is NOT none of these. so pick something else

how does conflict theory view stratification and poverty

the essential cause of inequality is lack of opportunity and discrimination based on social class, race and gender

according to dependency theory poor nations are poor because

their economic progress was hampered by colonization

people of color are more likely to be unemployed

true

which is the following is not a reason the majority of US workers have been struggling during the past several decades

unionization

The extent of school violence is higher in

urban and suburban schools with large enrollments

homelessness is primarily found in

urban areas

the decentralization of the urban population leading to rapid, unplanned, low density development at the edge of expanding urban areas, is called

urban sprawl

is a movement of people from the countryside to cities

urbanization

what is the difference between white-collar crime and organized crime

white-collar crime takes place at a legal place of work while organized crime takes place in a hierarchically arranged structure devoted to making money through illegal means

The US poverty line is calculated as

3 times the minimum cost of an adequate diet

What is true regarding changes in marriage patterns in the U.S. over the last several decades?

age at first marriage declined gradually during the first half of the 20th century before dropping more sharply because of WW II and then rose after 1970 and today stands at almost 28 years old for me and 26 years for women

The U.S. divorce rate has changed since the early 1980s. One reason is

age at first marriage has risen

the structural explanation for poverty emphasizes the fact that the work hard to overcome poverty formula is inadequate because

all of the above

According to structural functionalist theory stratification into social classes is necessary because

all of these

Limitations of the Uniform Crime report - the data bank compiled by the FBI that is most often cited in tracking crime trends include

all of these

according to the book poverty affects every citizen of the US and now only the poor because

all of these

according to the textbook, some characteristics of white privledge

all of these

conflict theorists argue that the form of capitalism practiced in today's society contributes to

all of these

race is

all of these

racial and ethnic prejudices and discrimination are often seen as structural problem. how have they been shown to affect health outcomes?

all of these

racial segregation of african american

all of these

the book explains that today's symbolic rasics is a "kinder, antiblack ideolgy" than past racism and is characterized by

all of these

the group threat theory explains prejudice about racial/ethnic groups as arising from

all of these

the text argues that investing in improved health care for poor children will benefit our society in "the long term" and the "short term". What data points support this argument?

all of these

what are some solution for reducing inequality based on sexual orientation

all of these

when comparing national health care outcomes

all of these

what does 99% in the occupy wall street movement mean

average hard working american

this theory suggests that the cause of poverty is not rooted in inherent individual biological deficiencies but in the beliefs, behaviors, objectives and characteristics that people who live in poverty share

culture of poverty

Our text's definition of the family includes

All of the above group tied of marriage, blood, adoption group of two or more who share goals and values group who come from the same ancestor living under one roof

Many Americans believe that the model family of the 1950s - with the father as breadwinner and mother has childcare give rise something our society should strive for. Research cited in our text points out

All of the above less than 60% of children lived in breadwinner-homemaker households. more families live in poverty than do in the 21st century many wives were unhappy with their homemaker roles.

The U.S. has higher divorce rates than most European countries. What national policy cited in our text may help explain this?

All of the above paid parental leave subsidized childcare family allowances

symbolic interactionists focus on everyday life and the subjective meanings that people attribute to symbolic entities. Which research result cited in our test illustrate this?

Blue collar and middle class spouses have different conversation patterns

modern societies have been more likely to embrace homosexuality than ancient societies

FALSE

which of the following sociologists developed the theory of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft

Ferdinand Tonnies

ethnicity is a term that social scientists prefer to use over race because

NOT all of these

according to the textbook, what is the experience of identifying with a particular sexual orientation like for most people

NOT: all of the above

sex researcher alfred c. kinsey main argument, based on his research findings, is that it is very difficult to classify all human beings into two neat sexual orientations (heterosexual and homosexual) because

NOT: most people have experiences that are exclusively either hetero or homosexual

health and healthcare which of the following healthcare systems spend the most money per capita on health care

United States

according to the textbook, the majority of americans earn

a disproportionately low percentage of income in this country

Which of these represent an extended family

a married couple, their children and 2 of the husband's brothers living together

Prior to the civil rights movement, the main reason that schools in the North were segregated was that

because both white and black parents preferred to keep their children with those "of their own kind"

according to your textbook, what are the origins of sexual orientation

complex combiof environmental and biological factors that are yet to be identified.

Some sociologists argue that the rise in divorce rate during the 1960s & 1970s can be explained by the fact that women entered the work force in large numbers during the 1950's. Which perspective would focus on women's economic empowerment as an explanation for changes in divorce rates?

conflict

physicians constantly expand the numbers of conditions defined as medical problems (childbirth, adhd, eating disorders). The notion that treating heath matters which may be rooted in social conditions as medical problems enriches doctors wealth.......

conflict

labeling theory points out that some groups have the power to enact laws making some behaviors illegal. this focus on the relative power of various groups is reflected in the

conflict perspective

private attorneys have access to resources like those of prosecutors (investigators, crime labs, etc). Public defenders jobs are limited to ensuring that accused individuals rights are not violated. this differential justice resulting from the influence of wealth and poweris a concern

conflict theorists

Which of the following sociological perspectives argues that the educational system reinforces and perpetuates social inequalities arising from differences in class, gender, race and ethnicity?

conflict theory

Many f the cast members from the Great Passion Play work long hours at poultry plants in addition to spendign 6 months of the year, 2-3 hours , 5 nights a week repeatedly performing the same-drama. they have accepted institutionalized means of hard work

conformity

according to the social learning theory, prejudice about racial/ethnic groups can be explained by

conformity to the cultural and social environment in which people live

As the U.S. economy moved from farming to industry, the responsibility for teaching the young moved from parents to

specially trained teachers

according to the conflict theory, inequality based on race and ethnicity is the US exists because of

structural problems like employment discrimination

Tommy believes that crime is functional to society and that crime and other deviant behavior strengthens group cohesion. Tommy likely believes which sociological theory of crime

structural-functionalist perspective

Research shows that the quality of the school matters to student performance, but what matters more?

student's home environment

in 2014, seven of the ten largest cities in terms of population were in the South and West - a region often called the

sunbelt