Final Test : 10-12

What was the result of the assault on Battery Wagner in July of 1863?

- The black soldiers fought impressively , and many in the North began to believe that blacks were capable of fighting bravely. -William H. Carney , who fought in the battle , was the first black man to receive the Congressional Medal of Honor for his efforts -The Confederacy won the battle , and the Union never took Battery Wagner

How did the Fugitive Slave Law of 1850 strengthen previous laws ?

- The law required lawmakers as well as ordinary citizens to help capture suspected runaways - The law would punish(by fines or imprisonment) ordinary citizens who failed to help capture runaways -Federal commissioners received more money for sending someone back into slavery than for finding them free

Why did the newly freed slaves organize their own churches?

-Freed slaves were tired of being treated like second-class citizens in white churches -The Black preachers had very different styles than white ministers -Freed slaves were unhappy with messages they received in white churches

What were the terms of the Emancipation Proclamation?

-It would free those slaves still in bondage in areas under rebellion on January 1, 1863 -It gave the confederacy until Jan 1, 1863 to come back into the Union - If the Confederacy returned by Jan 1, the could keep their slaves

What was a common feature of many sharecropping agreements?

-Laborers could not quit or strike - Landowners sometimes made requirements about what crops could be planted and raised -most of the time, landowners accepted a share of the crop for rent

How did former slaves react to freedom ?

-Some exhibited anger toward their former masters -Some were very concerned about their futures and concerns -Some ran away immediately

How did whites react to Blacks attempting to establish schools in the South

-Sometimes by burning school buildings - Sometimes with violence, including killing teachers - with verbal opposition , stating that Blacks simply could not learn

What events prompted Confederate leaders to entertain the possibility of having black men help them militarily?

-The Emancipation Proclamtation -Effective Union military efforts -Terrible losses of manpower at several battles

What was a limitation of the Freedmen's Bureau?

-They were never enough personnel involved and staff members held racist views of Blacks - The Freedmen's Bureau was given huge responsibilities, including education, mediating labor contracts, obtaining land , and settling criminal disputes - Congress failed to appropriate enough money to the Freedmen's Bureau

Who supported John Brown's efforts financially?

A few wealthy abolitionist and black leaders

what characteristics did some blacks and white ministers preach against in their sermons to freed slaves?

A lack of morals, drinking , and gambling

What does the story of Shadrach tell us about the Fugitive Slave Act?

Abolitionists were prepared to use violence and break the laws to help slaves

What was the outcome of the African American Rochester Convention in 1853?

African Americans showed courage in refusing to submit to the laws and in looking for improvements for the future

What denomination was especially fast growing in the South after Reconstruction

African Methodist Episcopal

What was the idea of free labor ?

An idea accepted by most Northern whites, which emphasized the importance of free men and women working for a living

What was General order 11

An order issued by Lincoln in response to the mistreatment of black solders - it threatened to execute southern prisoners

What is a "natavist" movement?

Anti-imigrant sentiment

What can be said that is true about black military service during the Civil WAr?

Black soldiers were paid less , since whites thought they would only be used for menial work.

What is true about black service in the Navy as opposed to black service in the army

Blacks had a tradition of continuously serving in the Navy in substantial numbers

What policy regarding the service of blacks for the Confederacy was eventually agreed upon in March of 1865?

Blacks would be enlisted , would receive the same pay as whites , but would be freed if their owners and the state consented

Who wrote the anti-slavery novel called Uncle Tom's Cabin ?

Harriet Beecher Stowe

What was Jefferson Davis' repression to Lincoln' Emancipation Proclamation?

He declared all free black slaves, and ordered the Conferderrate army to enslave all captured free blacks

How did Lincoln react to the actions of Gens. John C. Fremont and David Hunter, all who ordered all slaves in their areas to be freed under the First Confiscation Act?

He immediately countermanded their orders and told them to stick to the letter of the law

What can be said that best characterizes Lincoln's ideas about race and slavery during the 1858 elections?

He was a racist and although he opposed slavery, he was not for the social equality of blacks and whites

Where did Stephen Douglas stand on the issue of slavery ?

He was for popular sovereignty, and thought masters should be able to bring their slaves anywhere

What can be said about the First Carolina Volunteer?

Hunter sometimes used white troops to force blacks to volunteer

What did the First Confiscation Act of 1861 do ?

It allowed the North to seize only those slaves who were being used to benefit the Confederacy

How did Lincoln change the nature of the War with the Emancipation Proclamation?

It became a war to free the slaves. The North gained the moral advantage

What is true about the effect of the Emancipation Proclamation on the South?

It caused Southerners in rebellious ares to free their slaves

What is true about the Emancipation Proclamation issued on September 22, 1862?

It freed no one during that year at all

What was the significance of the Kansas-Nebraska Act ?

It repealed the Missouri Compromise line , with the possibility that slavery would be allowed in areas it never had before

how did Andrew Johnson's becoming president affect blacks ?

Johnson felt that Blacks should not vote or have role in government , and were vastly inferior to whites and Johnson destroyed many of their hopes

How did Johnson treat the former Confederates?

Johnson treated them with extreme leniency and many of the high leaders were granted pardons under Johnson

How did "popular soverignty" work in Kansas?

Kansas became "Bloody Kansas" , where both pro and anti slavery forces engaged in acts of violence and terrorism

Where did the Congress attempt to send African Americans during 1863 and 1864?

Liberia Haiti Ille a Vache

Which of the following is true about Union treatment of Southern blacks during the war?

Like urban whites , they also engaged in acts of enormous brutality, including rape and murder

How did Lincoln change his opinion of Blacks shortly before he was assassinated?

Lincoln suggested that perhaps some Blacks who were educated or veterans should be able to vote

How did many southerners think their slaves would react to the Civil War ?

Many believed that the slaves would automatically support their roasters

Why did many oppose the land bill Thaddeus Stevens introduced in Congress in late 1865?

Many individuals felt that property rights of Southerners were more important than granting land to Blacks

Why did Lincoln decide to postpone his July 1862 decision to emancipate the slaves.

Members of his cabinet told him to wait for a Union Victory when the decision would not look desperate

What did James Montgomery see as his goal with the Second South Carolina Volunteers?

Montgomery wanted to wipe out all evidence of slavery , especially the plantation houses

What did Douglass try to accuse the Republicans of during the Lincoln-Douglas debates?

Of favoring black people over whites and of favoring racial equality

What was the significance of the Election of 1866?

Republicans gained two-thirds majorities in both the House and Senate and could, therefore, override any presidential veto

What was the first concern of many African Americans once they achieved freedom?

Reuniting with lost family members

Who commanded the Army of Northern VA the main Confederate Army?

Robert E. Lee

What black man was selected from South Carolina to participate in the 1864 Republican National Convention

Robert Smalls

Many wealthy slave owners refused to give their slaves to the Confederacy for labor. What other advantages did these wealthy men during the Civil WAr ?

Slaveholders with more than 20 slaves were exempt from military service

What were the main issues in the Lincoln-Douglass debates in 1858?

Slavery and race

What does the Summer-Brooks incident tell us about the US in 1856 ?

Slavery was becoming such a divisive issue that members of Congress, where all issues should be debated peacefully , were engaging in physical violence

What does the story of Margaret Garner tell us about fugitive slaves ?

Some despised slavery so much that they were willing to kill their children rather than have them grow up as slaves

Why did Preston Brooks attack Charles Summer?

Summer had accused Brook's uncle of keeping slavery as his mistress and lover

What did the Supreme Court decide in the Dred Scott V. Sanford case regarding Scott's rights ?

That black people (not just slaves) had no rights in America and therefore could not even bring a lawsuit

What did the 14th amendment not do ?

The 14th amendment explicitly gave Black men the right to vote

How was the 54th Massachusetts different from the South Carolina regiments?

The 54th was composed mainly of free blacks , rather than slaves

What was true about the provisions of the Civil Rights act of 1866?

The Civil Rights Act of 1866 was intended to make Black codes illegal

What were the terms on Johnson's Reconstruction plan?

The Confederate states had to formally accept the Thirteenth Amendment and repudiate Confederate war debts

What effect did the First Reconstruction Act have on Black political power?

The First Reconstruction Act stated all adult males could vote (with a few exceptions) and was the culmination that all Blacks had been working for

Which party formed in 1848 to prevent the expansion of slavery into the territories?

The Free Soil Party

What is true about the North's population advantage?

The North had more than double the South's population

What can be said that is true about the novel Uncle Tom's Cabin ?

The book forced many Northerners to understand the horrors of slavery

What was the problem with the labor contracts for many Blacks ?

The contracts were rarely done voluntarily , or on an equal basis Blacks ended up at about the same as during slavery

How were black volunteers greeted by the United States government in 1861?

The government refused to enlist them

What was "the crater" in Petersburg, VA

The largest man made explosion up to that point , and an unsuccessful effort by the Union to win a battle over the Confederates

How did the federal government react over the fugitive slave incident in Christiana , Pennsylvania in 1851?

The president attempted to prosecute those who had helped the slaves escape

What eventually happened to the First South Carolina Volunteers?

There were mostly disbanded after Congress failed to appropriate money from them , and later regrouped and inducted into the United States army

What eventually happened to the Crafts ?

They escaped with the help of abolitionists in Boston to England

Other than outright racism , why did many white working class people oppose the Emancipation Proclamation?

They feared the freed slaves would rush into the North and compete with them for jobs

Why did most Northern whites oppose the expansion of slavery into the territories?

They felt that it would hurt them economically , since the slaveholders would have an unfair advantage by not having to pay for labor

How did the Confederacy treat blacks once the need for labor became intense ?

They forced owner to have their slaves work in military labor They required the work of free blacks Confederate owners were often reluctant to part with their slaves

How did Southerners react to black fighting for the Union?

They generally refused to recognize them as prisoners of war and instead attempted to treat them like escaped slaves

How did the United States government resolve the issue of unequal pay for blacks?

They granted equal pay , toward the end of the war and allowed free blacks to receive back pay for service only before January 1, 1864

How did some Northern communities react to slave laws prior to 1850 ?

They passed personal liberty laws, making it illegal for law enforcement officials to capture runaways

What sacrifice did the men of the 54th Massachusetts make to protest race discrimination?

They said they would accept no pay unless it was equal to white men

What effect did the new fugitive slave laws have on many whites in the North?

They were horrified , as the personally witnessed scenes of slaves being recaptured

What did John Brown want to accomplish with his army during 1859?

To establish a separate independent black nation within the US

What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau?

To help assist the newly freed slaves in their transition to freedom

What was Lincoln's initial aim of the Civil War when it began in 1861?

To preserve the Union without regard to ending slavery

What main principle did the Know Nothing Party organize around ?

To protect "American" values from immigrants

Why did many Blacks meet in conventions in 1865 and 1866 across the South ?

To protest the Black codes and respectfully ask that whites live up to the ideals of America

What was the main issue in the Dred Scott case?

Whether a slave taken into free territory was free

Which of the following groups accepted the Supreme Court's decision in the Dred Scott case?

White Southerners

Why was there so much violence in the south after the civil war?

White southerners were frustrated by their loss during the Civil War , and resented Blacks acquiring freedom and status

What happened during the New York City Draft Riot of 1863

Working class Irishmen , angry over suspected black attempts to take jobs , engaged in violence and destruction for four days, lynching blacks and burning black-affiliated businesses

How did African American anti-slavery advocates respond to the new Fugitive Slave Law ?

with outrage, demanding that supporters disobey the law or resort to violence