Final World Civilization Chapters 7-13

The Gupta dynasty took place between 320-_____. -600 -420 -700 -360 -550

-600

The Turkish-speaking tribal group that ultimately overthrew the Tang were the -Mongols. -Magyars. -Uighurs. -Jurchens. -Kirghiz.

-Kirghiz.

Historians of India have viewed the Gupta era as a time of thriving commerce with all of the following but -Southeast Asia. -China. -The Mediterranean. -None of the above -Spain.

-Spain.

Who was a leader of the Song Dynasty? -Li Bo -Du Fu -Emperor Xuanzong -Wang Ashi -none of the above

-Wang Ashi

The genin were -large landowners during the Ashikaga period. -hereditary slaves, and often of Ainu or Korean ancestry. -the wealthiest samurai. -landless laborers who could be bought and sold by the owners of the land. -Buddhist priests.

-landless laborers who could be bought and sold by the owners of the land.

The ruling member of a Bedouin tribe was called the -majlis. -sheikh. -imam. -jihad. -Ka'aba.

-sheikh.

The council of elders of the Arabian Bedouin tribes was called the -Ka'aba. -majlis. -sheikh. -jihad. -iman.

-majlis.

The main reason for the lack of invasion during the Koryo Dynasty was -a Mongol invasion of China. -a strong political alliance with Japan. -the proactive use of diplomacy with China. -a superior military strength with an enormous cavalry. -the lack of a strong political dynasty in China.

-the lack of a strong political dynasty in China.

An Lushan launched a rebellion in ____ and seized the capital of Chang'an. -445 -632 -755 -584 -832

-755

Flagellants were known for taking what action? -Beating themselves in an effort to avoid harsher abuse by Christians. -Forming a slave rebellion in fifteenth-century Italy. -Physically scourging themselves during the Black Death. -Putting down rebellious serfs. -Following the edicts set down by Joan of Arc.

-Physically scourging themselves during the Black Death.

As anti-Semitism spread through Europe in response to the plague, many Jews fled to _________ for protection. -Poland -Persia -Spain. -Jerusalem -Constantinople

-Poland

The architect Filippo Brunelleschi was inspired by -Roman models. -the teachings of the Church. -divine measurements. -Greek models. -scientific observation.

-Roman models.

The Muslim sect who were the "partisans of Ali" are the -Shi'ites. -Kurds. -Sunnis. -Sufis. -"orthodox".

-Shi'ites.

Economic prosperity under the Macedonian Dynasty was largely based on trade of -exotic fruits and vegetables. -silks and metalwork. -spices and glasswork. -fur, wax, and honey. -woolen rugs.

-silks and metalwork.

A Vietnamese law code promulgated in 1460 -outlawed the practice of Christianity. -was the first known law code to require a period of mandatory military service. -officially recognized Buddhism as the religion of the state. -forbade the use of Chinese script. -recognized the legal rights of women.

- recognized the legal rights of women.

The Tughlug monarch was _________. -Basra -Tamerlane -Ala-ud-din -Attilla -Huigadui

-Ala-ud-din

Which of occasions would call for a special ceremony that was part of court ritual in the Byzantine Empire? -saints' days -All of the above. -imperial marriages -the emperor's birthday -the promotion of officers

-All of the above.

Which of the following roles would a peasant woman be expected to fulfill? -Brewing ale for use in the household. -Socializing the children and training them in religion. -Doing the spinning and weaving for the house. -All of the above. -Providing meals for the family.

-All of the above.

The Southeast Asian mainland kingdom formed in the ninth century was -Champa. -Nubia. -Sukhothai. -Angkor. -Malaya.

-Angkor.

This fifth-century Indian astronomer accurately calculated the value of pi, and calculated the length of the solar year to be slightly more than 365 days. -Aryabhata -Utpala -Vasistha -Kamalakara -Golagrama

-Aryabhata

Which of the following statements about the Sahara Desert is true? -At one point, it was an area that was green and flourishing with life. -Its western half was under the Atlantic Ocean until 2000 BCE -It completely cut off Egypt from the rest of Africa. -It contained no significant trade routes. -All evidence indicates that it was never anything other than a vast desert region.

-At one point, it was an area that was green and flourishing with life.

The Kushans formed a kingdom with its capital at _________. -Taxila -Bamiyan -Bactria -Isfahan -Kabul

-Bactria

The capital of the Abbasid empire was -Mecca. -Persepolis. -Tehran. -Damascus. -Baghdad.

-Baghdad.

Bronze head sculptures and relief plaques depicting West African court life were created in -Kongo. -San. -Nok. -Ife. -Benin.

-Benin.

The people of North Africa, who served as trade intermediaries for the great trans-Saharan commerce, were the -Carthaginians. -Phoenicians. -Cree. -Berbers. -Kurds.

-Berbers.

The Kushan monarch Kanishka patronized which religion? -Hinduism -Daoism -Jainism -Buddhism -Sufism

-Buddhism

Which of the following was not true about religious practice in Southeast Asia? -Hinduism served to fortify the positions of the upper class. -Buddhism and Hinduism were never in competition in the region. -Daoism did not become a major movement in Java or Sumatra. -Theravada Buddhism became a dominant religious force in much of the region. -Rulers used either Hinduism or Buddhism to gain a political advantage.

-Buddhism and Hinduism were never in competition in the region.

Over the course of the three centuries after the fall of the Han and before the rise of the Sui Dynasty, -China experienced a period of tranquility and order. -Confucianism grew in popularity. -Buddhism developed a much wider following among the Chinese people. -Daoism disappeared in China. -Islam made its first appearance in China.

-Buddhism developed a much wider following among the Chinese people.

The move of the Imperial power to Heian was an attempt to escape the oppressive influence of -Buddhist monasteries. -shoguns. -the Fujiwara clan. -powerful aristocratic families. -imperial ministries.

-Buddhist monasteries.

Published in 868 CE, this ____ is the earliest printed work known to exist. -Buddhist text -Census analysis -edition of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms -copy of the travelogue of Zheng He -Daoist text

-Buddhist text

The city that replaced Baghdad as the greatest Muslim city and the focus of trade was -Alexandria. -Jerusalem. -Medina. -Cairo -Damascus.

-Cairo

The Frankish leader who defeated a Muslim army near Tours in 732 was -Charles Martel. -Charlemagne. -Louis the Pious. -Clovis. -Pepin.

-Charles Martel.

The representative of the Merovingian dynasty who founded a Frankish kingdom was -Louis the Pious. -Clovis. -Charles the Hammer. -Charlemagne. -Frederick Barbarosa.

-Clovis.

Andalusian caliphate was centered on -Cordoba -Toledo -Granada -Leon -Seville

-Cordoba

The great mosque constructed in Jerusalem at the site of the old temple is the -the Blue Mosque. -Alhambra. -Hegira Sophia. -Cordoba Mosque. -Dome of the Rock.

-Dome of the Rock.

Which of the following statements is not true about the Black Death? -Once it dissipated from Western Europe, it continued to recur. -Diffusion followed different trade routes. -Italy's cities were especially hard hit. -Its transmission was facilitated by Mongol long-distance trade. -England was largely spared from the devastation.

-England was largely spared from the devastation.

The medieval religious order which was noted for its commitment to living among the common people and ministering to the poor was the -Jesuits. -Cistercians. -Franciscans. -Dominicans. -Benedictines.

-Franciscans.

The founder of the Mongol Empire was -Ogilvai Khan. -Khubilai Khan. -Atta Khan. -Genghis Khan. -Tamerlane.

-Genghis Khan.

In regard to state building in West Africa, it can be said that -trade and commerce produced the growth of an integrated empire in the region. -Zimbabwe replaced Ghana as the predominant trading nation of the area. -it was conquered by Arabs. -Ghana was the first great commercial state there. -warfare with the Byzantines resulted in the eventual decline of the kingdom of Ghana.

-Ghana was the first great commercial state there.

The Hadith warned against any attempt to imitate __________ through artistic creation. -intimacy -war -All of the above -Muhammad -God

-God

India's "classical age" is traditionally associated with the -Maurya dynasty. -Angkor dynasty. -Mughal dynasty. -Gupta dynasty. -Tughluq dynasty.

-Gupta dynasty.

The invention of paper took place during the _____ dynasty. -Tang -Song -Ming -Yuan -Han

-Han

Which of the following is not a true statement about Charlemagne? -He was coronated as Emperor of the Romans. -He attended a university in Rome. -He conquered much of Western and Central Europe. -He utilized local nobility as agents of the king in his administration. -He created what came to be known as the Carolingian Empire.

-He attended a university in Rome.

The English king most responsible for establishing the "common law" was -Frederick II. -John. -Philip Augustus. -Henry II. -William of Normandy.

-Henry II.

The English king most responsible for creating a strong monarchical government was -Henry VI. -Henry VIII. -Edward V. -Richard III. -Henry VII.

-Henry VII.

What action taken by Emperor Manuel I likely played into the Fourth Crusade? -His embrace of Islam. -His policy that Westerners had lesser rights within city limits. -His attack on Westerners who resided in Constantinople. -His public denunciation of Western values. -His expelling Venetians from Constantinople.

-His expelling Venetians from Constantinople.

Iconoclasm was also found in which religion? -Hinduism -Buddhism -Judaism -Islam -Catholicism

-Islam

Which of the following is true of Arian Christianity? -It prohibited the use of icons or images for worship. -It viewed that Jesus was made of "the same substance" as God. -It believed that Jesus was human and subordinate to God. -It distinguished Eastern Orthodoxy from Western Catholicism. -It blended the ideas of Manachaeism and Judaism.

-It believed that Jesus was human and subordinate to God.

Which of the following statements is not true about ancient Indian music? -It emphasized the performer's creativity. -Music played a major role in religious observances. -It was derived from Vedic chants. -Classical Indian music is based on a scale called a raga. -It had no spiritual connection at all.

-It had no spiritual connection at all.

Which of the following was not true about the spread of Islam in Africa? -A different and distinctly African form of the religion developed, as local religious practices replaced basic Islamic ones. -It interfered with the efforts of African rulers to strengthen their power. -It had considerable success in both West Africa and in East Africa -Its concepts of egalitarianism and polygamy had great appeal among the common people. -It achieved only limited success in the mountains of Ethiopia.

-It interfered with the efforts of African rulers to strengthen their power.

Which of the following is not a valid observation about the ancient civilization of the Kush? -It was located in Nubia. -Evidence suggests that it may have developed an agricultural kingdom before the Egyptians. -It had emerged as a major trading state by the end of the second millennium BCE -It spread its empire to the north by driving the Romans out of Egypt. -It declined in the mid-first millennium BCE

-It spread its empire to the north by driving the Romans out of Egypt.

Which of the following statements accurately depicts the nature of the African lineage group? -It maintained the same limits of social class that the Maya had developed. -It was similar to the nuclear family. -It was similar in many respects to the clan in China and the caste system in India. -It was disappeared with the coming of Islam. -Outsiders were never permitted to join it.

-It was similar in many respects to the clan in China and the caste system in India.

Why was Justinian's codification of Roman law used in the West? -Its success for the Byzantine convinced Western leaders to try it. -It was accessible when other texts at the time were not. -It was written in Latin. -Its ideas proved to be appealing to a Western culture. -It was delivered to Western leaders by respected Eastern academics.

-It was written in Latin.

The earliest known Neolithic inhabitants of Japan are known as the -Yamato. -Ainu. -Uji. -Jomon. -Yayoi.

-Jomon.

Khubilai Khan's capital was located in -Samarkand. -Chang'an. -Khanbaliq. -Hangzhou. -Karakorum.

-Khanbaliq.

The Gupta dynasty included each of the following except -None of the above -Chandragupta II. -Chandragutpa I. -Samudragupta -Kushan.

-Kushan.

Which woman of the Renaissance defended the right of women to pursue scholarly pursuits? -Francesca Civolia -Cassandra Fedele -Dona Medici -Isotta Nogarola -Laura Cerata

-Laura Cerata

A Malay settlement was established on the island of -Zimbabwe. -Saba. -Rhapta. -Madagascar. -Malawi.

-Madagascar.

All of the following were true about the development of Russia except -After conquering Russia, Mongols required Russian princes to pay tribute to them. -Magyar dominance created a Western-oriented bent in Russia development. -Kievan Russia collapsed in the mid-twelfth century. -The descendants of Alexander Nevsky eventually became the rulers of all Russia. -Byzantine Christianity provided a major foundation for early Russian unity.

-Magyar dominance created a Western-oriented bent in Russia development.

The city to which Muhammad went to in 622, a journey known as the Hijrah, was -Damascus. -Jerusalem. -Mecca. -Medina. -Riyad

-Medina

The divine beauty of the ceiling figures in the Sistine Chapel are a reflection of the Neoplatonism of -Michelangelo. -Leonardo. -Dürer. -Van Eyck. -Raphael.

-Michelangelo.

What was the main effort that caused Byzantine cultural influence to expand? -Missionary efforts of Eastern Byzantine Christians. -The spread of literacy and intellectualism. -The spread of monastic orders. -The integration of local custom into Byzantine law. -Military conquests.

-Missionary efforts of Eastern Byzantine Christians.

Which of the following statements is true concerning women involved in spiritual movements between 1050 and 1150? -Most of the learned women of the age were nuns. -The number of women joining religious houses decreased. -Women were a supporting force for most monasteries. -Most nuns were peasant women looking for a better life. -Female intellectuals were more likely to support spiritual causes.

-Most of the learned women of the age were nuns.

The two early Japanese capitals were ____ and ____. -Edo and Ashikaga -Nara and Edo -Heian and Kamakura -Edo and Kamakura -Nara and Heian

-Nara and Heian

As gold and silver came to be in demand and money markets began to emerge, what else also emerged? -New trading companies and banking firms to manage the exchange and sale of goods. -New practices that sought to ensure merchants would not gain too much too quickly. -A less stable life for peasants who found agricultural contributions less valuable. -Bookkeeping overseen by local lords and the king's household. -An increase of manufacturing that could create more gold and silver.

-New trading companies and banking firms to manage the exchange and sale of goods.

The great river that dominates the western region of Africa, the so-called "hump of Africa," is the -Niger. -Congo. -Nile. -Zambeze. -Zaire.

-Niger.

The great iron-working culture of northern Nigeria was the -Malagasy. -Nok. -Axum. -Berger. -Kush.

-Nok.

The first Saxon king in Germany to resume using the title Emperor of the Romans was -Luitprand the Wise. -Lothar IV. -Henry IV. -Otto I. -Frederick Barbarossa.

-Otto I.

The Three Kingdoms of early Korea were -Seoul, Koguryo, and Champa. -Pyongyang, Yalu, and Annam. -Sakhalin, Koryo, and Tientsin. -Paekche, Silla, and Koguryo. -Xinjang, Silla, and Jurchen.

-Paekche, Silla, and Koguryo.

The group which dominated banking and the textile industry, and the group which dominated trade and manufacturing, respectively, were the -Muslims and Christians. -Rajputs and Sunnites. -Parsis and Jains. -Kutch and Mahayana Buddhists. -Jains and Sikhs.

-Parsis and Jains.

The adoption of wergeld by Germanic society put what penalty on a wrongdoer? -A period of confinement in an early prison. -Paying a fine to the family of the person injured or killed. -A lighter physical punishment like lashes. -A physical punishment, such as cutting off a hand. -Paying a fine to the state,

-Paying a fine to the family of the person injured or killed.

Which church practice resonated especially powerfully with ordinary people in Europe? -Holy pilgrimages -Saints and relics -The practice of good works -Study of scripture -Obtaining sacraments

-Saints and relics

In reaction to the Tang infiltration into the Korean Peninsula -Japan declared war upon Tang China. -Japanese governmental power became more decentralized than before. -relations between Korea and Japan became estranged. -Japan allied with Korea and began adopting Korean language and governmental models. -Shotoku Taishi began to make reforms based roughly on the Chinese model.

-Shotoku Taishi began to make reforms based roughly on the Chinese model.

Which of the following was a factor that contributed to a significant transformation of Buddhism in India? -simpler concepts of heaven were replaced by abstract concepts of Nirvana . -Siddhartha became a figure of divinity. -a synthetic fusion with Jainism created its own cult. -fading of the Christianity idea of all four classes were equal. -the fast-paced transcribing written sources.

-Siddhartha became a figure of divinity.

What is true of the relationship between cities and lords? -Townspeople would overthrow lords in order to create the laws they wanted. -Lords largely treated towns the same way they did vassals and serfs. -Lords provided protection for towns, which in turns gave a portion of trade earnings to the lord. -Some lords sold liberties to the townspeople that they demanded. -Townspeople willingly provided military obligations to their local lord.

-Some lords sold liberties to the townspeople that they demanded.

Which of the following is a valid observation about the social practices in the societies of traditional Southeast Asia? -In the Indianized states, Hinduism produced the rigid adoption of the caste system. -Malay societies employed the democratic practice of electing their kings. -Southeast Asian women had fewer rights than the women of India. -Female rulers dominated life in almost all villages. -Southeast Asian women had more rights than Indian and Chinese women.

-Southeast Asian women had more rights than Indian and Chinese women.

Empress Wu and her successors achieved a flowering of Chinese culture in what dynasty? -Tang -Song -Ming -Yuan -Qin

-Tang

The invention of woodblock printing happened during the _______ dynasty. -Tang -Song -Ming -Yuan -Han

-Tang

Which of the following was not an economic factor in medieval China? -The central government monopolized certain commodity manufacturing. -Technological advances increased the scope and wealth of the economy. -The introduction of the use of paper currency, credit, banking, and the abacus furthered commercial development. -The Sui dynasty closed the Silk Road. -Blast furnaces were developed.

-The Sui dynasty closed the Silk Road.

One of the main reasons for the demise of the Tang Dynasty was its inability to effectively solve the problem of land distribution. Which of the following statements can serve as a valid explanation for this policy failure? -The increasing concentration of land in the hands of the rich and politically influential, coupled with rising food production, led to increasing pressure on the land distribution system. -The receipt of large, permanent land grants by government officials fundamentally strengthened the system but undermined the concept of the Mandate of Heaven. -Equality in land distribution was successfully maintained through the tax regulations of the central government. -Mongol invaders destroyed the Chinese government's bureaucratic infrastructure. -Empress Wu confiscated all land, distributing it to illiterate and unprepared peasants.

-The increasing concentration of land in the hands of the rich and politically influential, coupled with rising food production, led to increasing pressure on the land distribution system.

Which of the following was not a result of the Fourth Crusade? -The Venetians assumed control of Constantinople's trade. -The Byzantine Empire disintegrated into a series of petty states. -A Catholic patriarch was installed in Constantinople. -The pope excommunicated the crusaders who attacked Constantinople. -The Venetians seized the island of Crete.

-The pope excommunicated the crusaders who attacked Constantinople.

"The teachings of the elders" is also known as the school of __________. -Mahayana. -Brahmin jati. -Gupta. -Sutras. -Theravada.

-Theravada.

Which of the following is not true about the caves of Ajanta? -They contain elaborate wall paintings relating to Buddha and his incarnations. -They served only as shrines that were nothing more than holes in the cliffs. -They are examples of some of India's greatest artistic achievements. -Most of them were carved in an eighteen-year period. -They are great sources of historical knowledge of fifth-century India.

-They served only as shrines that were nothing more than holes in the cliffs.

What was the goal of the "seventeen-article constitution"? -To establish an early form of feudalism. -To create a military system that could conquer the Tang Dynasty of China. -To decentralize the Japanese government. -To raise the status of the elite and establish a hereditary system of office holding. -To centralize the government and limit the powers of the hereditary nobility.

-To centralize the government and limit the powers of the hereditary nobility.

Which of the following is not one of the main functions women were expected to fulfill in the Byzantine Empire? -To maintain the household -To weave clothes for her family -To remain at home -To earn money for the home -To marry and bear children

-To earn money for the home

What was Frederick II's main goal concerning Italy? -To establish a strong centralized state dominated by Sicily. -To become official emperor of the Italian people. -To take over the Catholic church and wield papal power. -To become a respected military general. -To create a "holy empire" enforced by the Catholic church.

-To establish a strong centralized state dominated by Sicily.

The pope who gave his blessing and authorized the First Crusade was -Urban II. -Innocent III. -Gregory VII. -Gregory the Great. -Edward the Confessor.

-Urban II.

Which of the following is an accurate characterization of the relationship between the Chinese and Japanese written languages? -The Chinese written language was based upon the written language of Japan. -The two languages developed independently but are closely related. -Written Chinese was rejected by the Japanese, who favored Korean. -Using Chinese characters as phonetic symbols, Japan created a workable "hybrid" system. -The Chinese borrowed the Japanese script as the basis of its written language.

-Using Chinese characters as phonetic symbols, Japan created a workable "hybrid" system.

In spite of the impact of Chinese influence, -Japan never adopted either Chinese characters for writing or any of its governmental system. -Vietnam developed chu nom, which was a writing system for spoken Vietnamese. -Korea never came under Chinese political control. -Korea never accepted tributary status under Chinese overlordship. -Confucianism itself had little influence anywhere outside of China proper.

-Vietnam developed chu nom, which was a writing system for spoken Vietnamese.

Due to its messianic characteristics, this sect of Buddhism was frequently associated with revolutionary movements. -Tantric Buddhism -Chan Buddhism -Pure Land Buddhism -White Lotus Buddhism -Hinayana Buddhism

-White Lotus Buddhism

The Ethiopian Christian dynasty which experienced a long-lasting conflict with African Muslims was the -Solomonid. -Coptic. -Adal. -Zagwe. -Gamal.

-Zagwe.

The practice of miniature plant display, or bonsai, was an expression of what practice? -Zen Buddhism -Writing haiku -Shinto beliefs -Realism in art -Chinese superiority of culture

-Zen Buddhism

All of the following were factors in nearly doubling Europe's population by the High Middle Ages EXCEPT -a cessation of Viking invasions. -use of wind- and watermills. -expansion of arable land through deforestation. -importation of rice from Asia as a staple crop. -increased agricultural output due to the three-field rotation system.

-a cessation of Viking invasions.

With the increase in trade and urban activities during the Tang and Song eras, -the rural population declined. -a landed gentry class assumed a position of social and economic dominance. -the social stagnation of the population became institutionalized. -the scholar-gentry provided considerable financial support to Christians. -most of the population resided in urban areas.

-a landed gentry class assumed a position of social and economic dominance.

Which of the following was not characteristic of Gothic architecture? -flying buttresses -ribbed vaults and pointed arches -stained glass windows -extensive use of colored light -a limited use of ornamentation

-a limited use of ornamentation

The "People's Crusade" was led by -a landed noble inspired by the pope. -a monk who claimed support from God. -a mob with no clear leader. -a knight who had hopes for grandeur. -a peasant who preached vision of Jerusalem.

-a peasant who preached vision of Jerusalem.

In addition to being Islam's sacred book, the Qur'an -also provides the ethical foundation for life. -took oral shape before the writing of the Christian bible. -provides a systematized body of illegal tenets and theories of political procedures. -was written down by Muhammad's two sons. -is composed, in part, of the Christian New Testament.

-also provides the ethical foundation for life.

In the divisions within Buddhism, those who followed the school of Theravada believed in -the possibility of only one reincarnation for each soul. -the divinity of Buddha. -a bodhisattva helping someone to achieve Nirvana. -an attachment to individual conduct and the ability to escape the mundane through the pursuit of understanding. -the Twelve Fold Path.

-an attachment to individual conduct and the ability to escape the mundane through the pursuit of understanding.

In southern Africa, -Christianity survived in the mountains in the south until recent times. -Islam became dominant in the 700s. -the culture of the Khoisan-speaking society came to dominate the area. -an integration of Khoisan and Bantu-speaking peoples took place. -the people of the area were generally darker and taller than the migrants from the north.

-an integration of Khoisan and Bantu-speaking peoples took place.

Mahayana Buddhism -began in Persia and spread to India during the time of the Gupta Dynasty. -had no impact outside of India. -attempted to maximize the number of people who could obtain release from the wheel of life. -was less religious and more "philosophical" than Theravada Buddhism. +revered Nanak.

-attempted to maximize the number of people who could obtain release from the wheel of life.

The Dominican friars -became key factors in combating heresy as inquisitors. -were established in the ninth century. -lived among the people and helped the poor. -were led by Francis of Assisi. -were established around the ideal of simplicity and poverty.

-became key factors in combating heresy as inquisitors.

Social practices typical in many African societies included -none of these -behavior patterns between the sexes that were more relaxed than those found in societies in other parts of the world. -a lineage system that was often matrilineal rather than patrilineal. -election of kings by all adult males. -both a lineage system that was often matrilineal rather than patrilineal and behavior patterns between the sexes that were more relaxed than those found in other societies

-both a lineage system that was often matrilineal rather than patrilineal and behavior patterns between the sexes that were more relaxed than those found in other societies

In addition to woodcarvings, other major African artistic contributions have been -steel sculptures of European visitors done before 100 BCE -wooden fortresses constructed in Zimbabwe. -Saharan aqueducts at Aswan. -bronze and iron statuary produced at today's southern Nigeria. -ivory statues from southern Nigeria.

-bronze and iron statuary produced at today's southern Nigeria.

All of the following were true of the political recovery of the fifteenth century in Europe except -centralized monarchies gained strength in Germanic central Europe. -the "new monarchies" greatly aided in stabilizing France, Spain, and England. -decentralized government became typical in eastern and central Europe. -Henry VII's cautious policies had made England solvent and stable by 1500. -centralized monarchies gained strength in western Europe.

-centralized monarchies gained strength in Germanic central Europe.

The Byzantine theme -was a military strategy relying upon Greek fire. -combined military and civil authority in one person. -was the master plan for the rebuilding Constantinople under Justinian. -was the time during which the Eastern Roman Empire became known as the Byzantine -was a self-sufficient organization of peasants in Anatolia.

-combined military and civil authority in one person.

Under the Ashikaga shogunate, -centralized shogunate power in Japan increased enormously. -the emperor gained fealty of the samurai. -daimyo took unprecedented power of vast landed estates. -the samurai took control of the lands of the daimyo. -the Mongols successfully invaded and occupied Kyushu.

-daimyo took unprecedented power of vast landed estates.

The main purpose for the development of Neo-Confucianism was to -deal with the issues of the universe that had been introduced into China by Buddhism and Daoism and which were able to fit into the original Confucian value system. -counteract the appeal of Islamic ideas. -turn the Chinese people away from Buddhism, Daoism and Christianity. -fortify the believer's responsibility to withdraw rather than participate. -act as a buffer against Muslim missionaries.

-deal with the issues of the universe that had been introduced into China by Buddhism and Daoism and which were able to fit into the original Confucian value system.

In medieval Japan, women -could achieve relative equality through Buddhism and shamanism. -were totally subservient to men with no inheritance rights. -enjoyed relative equality in some respects while suffering discrimination in others. -dominated the culture of the society and served as noted artisans. -had a much worse position than women in China.

-enjoyed relative equality in some respects while suffering discrimination in others.

The class of hereditary slaves who performed degrading occupations in Japan was the -eta. -genin. -shoen. -pariah. -tatami.

-eta.

The Indian sea routes used by the Romans to ship Silk Road imports back to Rome -expanded in the first century CE when sailors mastered the monsoon winds. -began at the Bactrian coast of the Indian Ocean. -began at commercial shipping centers situated on Sri Lanka. -went through the Sunda Strait. -began at the seaports along the Bay of Bengal.

-expanded in the first century CE when sailors mastered the monsoon winds.

The Kingdom of Ghana -had a merchant class but refused to trade with Berbers from the north. -remained poor, in spite of large lead deposits, because of a series of spendthrift rulers. -accepted the tenets of Buddhism. -was the first African state to develop large-scale fish farming. -exported gold, leather goods, slaves, and ostrich feathers.

-exported gold, leather goods, slaves, and ostrich feathers.

The Mongols -captured Constantinople, which was the entry point for Black Death to the West. -stopped the spread of the plague to the West, but allowed it to decimate China. -were immune from the Yersinia pestis. -facilitated the spread of the plague with the creation of its Silk Road empire. -stopped the spread of the plague to China, but allowed it to decimate the West.

-facilitated the spread of the plague with the creation of its Silk Road empire.

The Fourth Crusade resulted in the -sack of Istanbul. -fall of Constantinople. -occupation of Egypt. -conquest of Alexandria. -capture of Jerusalem.

-fall of Constantinople.

The piece of land granted to a vassal was known as a -vassalage. -tallage. -homage. -right. -fief.

-fief.

Nanak -was the favorite bodhisattva of the Mahayana Buddhists. -renounced the Zoroastrian tradition of asceticism. -was the last Mongol invader to successfully control the entire Indian subcontinent. -conquered Delhi. -founded a new religious movement, although he had originally tried to integrate Hindu and Muslim ideas and practices.

-founded a new religious movement, although he had originally tried to integrate Hindu and Muslim ideas and practices.

Axum was -fatally defeated by the army of Zimbabwe. -the home of Mansa Musa. -founded possibly by migrants from the Kingdom of Saba/Sheba in the Arabian Peninsula. -on the Congo River. -the capital city of Kush.

-founded possibly by migrants from the Kingdom of Saba/Sheba in the Arabian Peninsula.

The essence of the shogunate system was that -the emperor became the central ruler and the shogun became a nominal official. -governmental power became centralized under the shogun, with the emperor as titular authority. -the military was put under complete civilian control. -governmental power became decentralized under the emperor. -peasants were granted the rank of samurai.

-governmental power became centralized under the shogun, with the emperor as titular authority.

All of the following were true about the spread of Arab control except -as a result of the caliphate being won by the Syrian governor, the Islamic capital was located in Damascus for a time. -if an individual chose not to become a Muslim, he still had to participate in mandatory military service. -its voluntary and egalitarian features proved quite attractive to many people. -non-Muslims were usually required to pay a special tax. -Egypt was an early Arab conquest.

-if an individual chose not to become a Muslim, he still had to participate in mandatory military service.

The geographical obstacle which divides Africa's northern coast from the rest of the continent -are the Atlas Mountains. -is the Niger River. -is the Nile River. -is the Kalahari Desert. -is the Sahara Desert.

-is the Sahara Desert.

A unique aspect of the ancient Ethiopian civilization was the fact that -it remained animist in religion until the twentieth century. -it adopted the form of Christianity practiced in Egypt. -the Syrians were able to make it a Muslim nation. -it was the only Muslim society in the area. -its assimilation by Kush was brought about through the development of trade ties.

-it adopted the form of Christianity practiced in Egypt.

The following were true about the trans-Sahara caravan trade except -it brought the first Islamic traders to central Africa in the first century BCE -cultural exchanges were stimulated by the growth of the caravan activity. -it allowed Islam to influence much of Africa south of the Sahara. -it enabled the Sahara region to become a major crossroad of international commerce. -the Arab introduction of the camel into Africa enabled this trade to greatly increase.

-it brought the first Islamic traders to central Africa in the first century BCE

Shinto serves an important purpose to -create a complex metaphysical structure that guides Japanese thought. -knit the Japanese together ideologically and emotionally. -focus Japanese thought on the importance of creating art. -control the actions and beliefs of Japanese rulers. -tie Japan to other Asian cultures and influence outsiders.

-knit the Japanese together ideologically and emotionally.

The San -was the largest tribal grouping in West Africa. -linguistically were related to the Khoi, distinguished by the use of "clicking" sounds. -overwhelmed the fortress at Marrakech in 1066. -kept the Bantu out of their lands for eight centuries by using a guerrilla war strategy. -created the largest city in southern Africa in the eleventh century.

-linguistically were related to the Khoi, distinguished by the use of "clicking" sounds.

Empress Wu -made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system. -achieved nothing positive during her rule. -deposed her courtiers at the age of 80 and went on to rule another eight years. -found a rationalization for her rule in a Daoist sutra. -was assassinated on her fortieth birthday.

-made a significant contribution to the civil service examination system.

The Mongols -were, under Genghis Khan, aggressive traders virtually obsessed with making profits. -ruled China, by means of the Yuan Dynasty, for four hundred and thirty-seven years. -established their capital in China at Nanjing. -destroyed the Chinese economy by outlawing all trade. -made use of Chinese institutions in governing China.

-made use of Chinese institutions in governing China.

In medieval China, the tribute system -was a domestic policy used by Tang rulers to exact taxes from local villages. -was a method by which Mongol rulers dealt with the Han Chinese. -maintained a working trade relationship between the Chinese and foreign merchants and rulers. -was first introduced by the Manchu Dynasty. -was maintained in opposition to the tenets of Confucianism.

-maintained a working trade relationship between the Chinese and foreign merchants and rulers.

The local chieftain of a Mali farming village was called a -sheikh. -mansa. -saba. -nkisi. -bantu.

-mansa.

In the Chinese civil service examination system -candidates from southern China always received the highest positions. -the system entirely eliminated aristocratic influence in the government bureaucracy. -the Song severely restricted the eligibility for taking the exams. -many candidates who passed the first examination did not go on to a higher level. -very few of the successful candidates came from the landed gentry.

-many candidates who passed the first examination did not go on to a higher level.

Italian city states such as Venice and Florence could best be described as -urban democracies. -legitimate autocracies. -merchant oligarchies. -rural democracies. -royal oligarchies.

-merchant oligarchies.

In terms of its relations with neighboring powers, the Song -met their ultimate demise at the hands of the Mongols. -were able to maintain a permanent dominance over the Jin Dynasty of the Jurchens. -reconquered the northern region controlled by the Uighurs. -learned from the mistakes of the Tang and avoided a similar fate. -conquered Japan, the first time that this had happened.

-met their ultimate demise at the hands of the Mongols.

The motives for the voyages of Zheng He possibly included all of the following except -trading profits. -curiosity. -to seek information on an earlier emperor who might have escaped into exile. -military conquest. -all of the above

-military conquest.

Islam is -secularist. -polyandrous. -polytheistic. -divinistic. -monotheistic.

-monotheistic.

Muhammad was -a peasant farmer before he married his wealthy employer. -a Bedouin sheikh until his "arranged" marriage to a wealthy woman. -originally considered to be an angel by his followers. -not widely accepted for many years after he announced his religious revelations. -the son, ironically, of a Christian father and a Jewish mother.

-not widely accepted for many years after he announced his religious revelations.

The lowest and most basic level of African social groupings was the -lineage group. -nuclear family. -tribe. -clan. -caste.

-nuclear family.

All of the following were art forms of the Heian period EXCEPT -narrative hand scrolls. -fans. -lacquer decorations. -sliding door panels. -painted silk wallpaper.

-painted silk wallpaper.

A primary contribution of Arab scholarship was the -establishment of the university system of study. -discovery of the rings of Saturn. -creation of original contributions in the areas of astrophysics and geology. -preservation and dissemination of the science and philosophies of ancient civilizations. -invention of paper.

-preservation and dissemination of the science and philosophies of ancient civilizations.

In general terms, it can be said that Islamic society -became more secular after the death of Muhammad. -relied heavily on religious doctrine to determine proper behavior in the areas of politics, economics, law, and ethics. -contained very rigid divisions between Church and State. -was usually extremely intolerant toward Christians and Jews. -was more violent than its contemporaries.

-relied heavily on religious doctrine to determine proper behavior in the areas of politics, economics, law, and ethics.

Muslim rule in India -maintained a close alliance with Baghdad. -employed many Hindus in powerful positions within the government. -never made use of Hindus on any level of government. -reserved most of the high posts in the central government and the provinces for Muslims. -was totally assimilated into Hindu culture.

-reserved most of the high posts in the central government and the provinces for Muslims.

The Photian schism -resulted in the excommunication of the Pope by a council of bishops. -abolished the use of icons. -led to the reunion of the Roman and Orthodox churches. -divided Arabs from Persians, a split that continues to the present. -established the interdict in the Roman church.

-resulted in the excommunication of the Pope by a council of bishops.

In the seventh century, the greatest challenge to the Byzantine Empire came from the -Arab attacks on Constantinople. -increased militarization as a result of external threats. -the loss of the provinces of Syria and Palestine. -attacks from Persians to the East and Slavs to the north. -rise of Islam.

-rise of Islam.

The vast grasslands that border the great desert region of the Sahara are known as -jungles. -wetlands. -savannahs. -meoris. -transvaals.

-savannahs.

Southeast Asian agriculture -saw peasants pay heavy rents or taxes to landlords and local rulers. -was highly inefficient, as peasants preferred to reduce taxes by lowering their incomes. -contained no areas in which farmers controlled their land directly. -was exclusively based upon local self-sufficiency. -was highly unproductive, in large part to an absence of rich soil and high population density.

-saw peasants pay heavy rents or taxes to landlords and local rulers.

The ideal of early fifteenth-century humanists was to -pursue lives of solitude. -abandon history and the past. -work only for the most powerful states. -serve the state. -reject religion and the Church.

-serve the state.

Which of the following was home to the wealthy in coastal towns and islands? -the pyramids of Egypt -the ruins of Carthage -the Moorish palaces at Zanzibar -the mound city of Timbuktu -stone houses, which reflected Arabic influence

-stone houses, which reflected Arabic influence

Muhammad's teachings -were propagated in Greek to make them more understandable in the non-Arab world. -stressed that Islam was not just a religion but also a way of life. -required all Muslims to follow the Six Suras and the Seven Pillars. -accepted polygyny, but permitted men to take only one wife. -were entirely theological with almost no ethical nor moral aspects.

-stressed that Islam was not just a religion but also a way of life.

The theoretical purpose of the jihad was to -wage holy war against all other Muslims on the Arabian peninsula. -broaden Muslim hegemony throughout Africa and Europe. -maintain peak military readiness. -massacre all Jews and Christians. -strive in the way of the Lord.

-strive in the way of the Lord.

All of the following are true statements about Arab and Persian literature except -many writers were bilingual in Arabic and Persian. -Persian achievements were greatest in the area of poetry. -one of its greatest works was The Tales of the 1001 Nights/The Arabian Nights. -the Koran was looked upon as dogma that was separate from literary statement. -pre-Islamic traditions influenced later writers in the region.

-the Koran was looked upon as dogma that was separate from literary statement.

The author compares The Romance of the Three Kingdoms to this epic tale. -the Mahabharata -the Illiad -a Tale of Two Cities -War and Peace -The Brothers Karamazov

-the Mahabharata

All of the following are correct about the Polynesian peoples except -they originated on the island of Taiwan and on the southeastern coast of China. -the Maoris of New Zealand were not among the Polynesians. -they were seafarers. -they had sailing canoes up to 100 feet long. -they colonized the islands of Tahiti, Hawaii, and Eastern Island.

-the Maoris of New Zealand were not among the Polynesians.

The Buddhist sect that taught devotion alone could lead to enlightenment and release was -Zen. -the Mahayana. -the White Lotus. -the Pure Land. -Tantrism.

-the Pure Land.

The best-known Byzantine historian wrote about -the court of Justinian, particularly his wars of reconquest -military matters throughout Constantinople's history. -the development of Constantinople. -the codification of Roman law by Justinian. -the history of Greek philosophy.

-the court of Justinian, particularly his wars of reconquest

Which of the following was not an achievement of Muslim science? -the development of the Upanishads -knowledge of the nature of contagion and contamination -new developments in optics and chemistry -the development of medicine as a separate field of scientific study -astronomical studies in Baghdad

-the development of the Upanishads

All of the following facilitated the gradual revival of trade in Europe EXCEPT -development of mercantile fleets. -the growth of towns. -development of a money economy with gold and silver. -emergence of specialized craftspeople and artisans. -the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire.

-the disintegration of the Carolingian Empire.

In 800, Charlemagne was crowned "Emperor of the Romans," a sign of -a joining of Roman and Catholic tradition. -the new dominance of Germanic culture in Europe. -the rebirth of the Roman Empire. -the emergence of a new European civilization. -a European return to the structures of antiquity.

-the emergence of a new European civilization.

The original reason for the rise of the kingdom of Ghana was -its rich silver deposits. -its religious ties to the Byzantine Empire. -its commerce in silk. -its water resources. -the role it played in the gold trade.

-the role it played in the gold trade.

In Song China -a curfew required urban residents to be in their homes shortly after nightfall. -though city gates were closed, entertainment centers inside the walls were open all night. -storytellers and minstrels provided information at elegant social gatherings. -urban life entirely disappeared. -cities were governed by Qin officials.

-though city gates were closed, entertainment centers inside the walls were open all night.

All of the following regarding the Hundred Years' War are correct except -new weapons were used in the war, including the longbow and gunpowder. -Joan of Arc brought about a decisive turning point. -the English were victorious at the battles of Crécy and Agincourt. -it was fought between England and France. -traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the keys to victory.

-traditional nobles fighting on horseback were the keys to victory.

One of the greatest tactical advantages the Byzantine military had was -the composite longbow. -gunpowder. -trebuchets. -green phosphorous. -early flamethrowers.

-trebuchets.

Sikhism -tried to blend Islam and Hinduism. -followed the Five Pillars of Asoka. -practiced pacifism in spite of attacks from Hindus and Muslims. -ultimately provided a third religious alternative in Persian Afghanistan. -was founded by Nanak, a guru in Tamiland, in the early 500s.

-tried to blend Islam and Hinduism.

Shotoku Taishi -was a Chinese Buddhist monk who became the first Heian emperor. -was believed to be the son of Izanami and established himself a descendant of the gods. -was the first shogun of Japan. -used Chinese political procedures to strengthen Japanese unity to resist Chinese power. -opposed Chinese influence on Japanese systems as a means of resisting Chinese forces.

-used Chinese political procedures to strengthen Japanese unity to resist Chinese power.

By the end of the thirteenth century, the institutionalization of the English Parliament -provided the foundation for the absolute rule of the monarch. -was a system of power sharing between the monarch and groups within the society. -enabled the knights and burgesses to establish themselves in the House of Lords. -enabled the barons and church lords to establish themselves in the House of Commons. -had failed because of the impact of the Black Death.

-was a system of power sharing between the monarch and groups within the society.

The Koran, or Qur'an, -was derived from the revelations of Muhammad. -contained the guidelines by which a Hindu was to live. -is the book containing the holy scriptures of Zoroastrianism. -means, literally, "acceptance." -was first written in 776 C.E.

-was derived from the revelations of Muhammad.

The Ka'aba -was Allah's representative Arab priesthood. -was the male initiation ceremony when one formally became an adult. -represented the monotheism of the Bedouins. -was a group of sacred stones revered by the Bedouin tribes, each of which possessed one. -was the shrine in Mecca containing a large black meteorite.

-was the shrine in Mecca containing a large black meteorite.

The Chinese civil service examination system -included a quota system to ensure that over one-half of those who took it were peasants. -insured that those passing all levels of the exams would receive life-long pensions. -was designed to keep the "scholar-gentry" from taking the advanced examinations. -was no longer used after the early 600s. -was unable to solve the problem of officials using their positions to help their relatives.

-was unable to solve the problem of officials using their positions to help their relatives.

The Slavs -were divided into two religious groups, Orthodox and Roman Catholic. -divided into seven specific groups during the Middle Ages. -converted to Islam after the First Crusade. -became Roman Catholic, with the exception of the Russians, Turks, and Magyars. -briefly occupied northern Italy.

-were divided into two religious groups, Orthodox and Roman Catholic.

The Kushan peoples -had been herder-nomads until they moved into the Irrawaddy Valley. -were of Indo-European background, driven out of Central Asia by the Xiongnu. -were, originally, inhabitants of Mesopotamia. -settled in Sri Lanka. -defeated the Aryan invaders of India.

-were of Indo-European background, driven out of Central Asia by the Xiongnu.

In Vietnam, the rights of women -were not as strong as the rights of women in China. -were not influenced by Chinese culture. -saw an erosion and eventual extinguishment by 1500. -were restricted in terms of divorce, as women could not initiate divorce proceedings. -were protected in practice and in law more so than for women in China.

-were protected in practice and in law more so than for women in China.

The samurai -were similar to medieval European knights, living by a strict warrior code. -were recruited from the peasant class. -were the oath-pledged military retainers of the shogun, constituting a formal national army. -took oaths of poverty, chastity, and obedience before their formal investiture. -were a hereditary warrior class in medieval Japan.

-were similar to medieval European knights, living by a strict warrior code.

The Mongols -adapted quickly to life in the Middle East, as they were already Muslims and greatly interested in trade and urban development. -initially came from the Congo Basin in central Africa. -captured Constantinople two times, but left shortly afterward in order not to destroy the city's profitable trading system. -were unable to capture Egypt, due to the effective resistance of the Mamelukes. -introduced the meaning of ornate rugs to Persia and Egypt, from where it spread across the Islamic world.

-were unable to capture Egypt, due to the effective resistance of the Mamelukes.

The Hadith and Shari'a -were adopted, respectively, from Jewish and Christian writings. -were the "Pillars of Islam." -were, respectively, a law code and a marriage manual for Muslims. -were, respectively, a collection of Muhammad's sayings and a law code. -was a military manual to be used in war against the Western Crusaders.

-were, respectively, a collection of Muhammad's sayings and a law code.

The official calendar of Islam begins -with Muhammad's death in 632 CE -in 222 CE -with the occurrence of the Hijrah. -with the Arab conquest of Damascus. -when Muhammad and his closest supporters left Yathrib and went to Mecca.

-with the occurrence of the Hijrah.

Li Bo -was the founder of the Ming Dynasty. -was a historian during the Song Dynasty. -was a sober Confucian civil servant. -wrote a poem entitled "Drinking Alone in Moonlight." -defeated the Mongols at Wuhan.

-wrote a poem entitled "Drinking Alone in Moonlight."