FIRE 165 Fire Chem Ch 2 Quiz

Proton

A positively charged particle that is the nucleus of the most common isotope of hydrogen

Electron

A very light particle with a negative electrical charge, a number of which surround the nucleus of most atoms. Number of electrons in outer shell of an atom is important because a shell that is either overfull or not full seeks other electrons and this leads the atom to react with other atoms.

What is the difference btwn Matter and Mass

Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass, observed in 3 states of matter. detect in by senses, color or smell. Mass is a measurement of quantity when weight is proportional to the mass. measures amount of matter object contains, property of physical objects, like weight.

Open cup test

Measures the release of the vapors in terms of the pressure exerted at a SPECIFIC TEMPERATURE

Molecules

Molecules make up of 2 or more atoms tightly bound together by chemical bonds.

Closed cup test

Place a lid on the cup and take the pressure reading when the vapors are released from the liquid. Traps molecules driven off by the heat of the product. These molecules bounce against the surface of the lid, causing an increase in pressure.

Negative Ion

When forces outside an atom cause to gain extra electron. IT now contains more negative electrons than protons, so the sum of the electrical charge is negative.

Solubility

a measure that indicates the tendency of a chemical to dissolve evenly in a liquid

Neutron

a particle with nearly the same mass as the proton, but electrically neutral

Positive Ion

an atom that is missing electrons.

smallest to biggest atom, compound, molecule

atom, molecule, compound.

Specific gravity

density of the product divided by the density of WATER OR AIR, with water or air defined as 1.0 at a certain temperature

Upper explosive limit (UEL)

highest percentage of a substance in air that will ignite

Insolubility

insoluble or slightly soluble materials will form separate layers and will either float or sink, depending on their specific gravity.

Lower explosive limit (LEL)

lowest ignitable concentration of substance in air that will ignite

Atom

made up of: a neutron that is electrically neutral, a proton that has a positive electric charge, and a surrounding cloud of orbiting electrons, which are negatively charged.

Inorganic

matter consists primarily of the materials of earth. Ex: quartz, sulfur, iron, and granite. Aka minerals Majority NOT involved in combustion process.

Organic

matter is found in living substances such as plants and animal life. Organic substances consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Ex: plastics, wood, gasoline, oil.

Cells

objects that comprise all organisms, numbering one or more, where all vital functions of the organism occur with the walls Tiny mass of protoplasm that usually contains a nucleus, enclosed by a membrane and forms the smallest structural unit of living matter

Polymers

resins, plastics, and synthetic rubber materials that can polymerize spontaneously causing rupture of container.

Monomers

small molecules usually gaseous or liquid, which are used to produce polymer

What are the 3 states of matter

solid- definite volume and shape liquid- definite volume but no definite shape gas- neither definite volume or shape

Compound

substance formed from two or more elements joined with a fixed ratio.

Boyles Law

the more a gas is compressed , the more the gas becomes difficult to compress further. Must work harder to compress at end than at the beginning. Pressure is inversely proportional to its volume at a given temperature. if pressure is double in a closed container, the volume of the gas is reduced by half.

Polymerize

the process in which molecules of a monomer are made to combine with other monomers. A process of reacting (linking or rearranging) monomers molecules together in a chemical reaction that can be explosive or extremely violent. ex: water=reactive materials, air=reactive materials, oxidizers, unstable materials, incompatible materials