fire b
1. From 2002-2011 approximately how many civilians were killed by fire each year? 2 points A) 3,000-4000 B) 400-800 C) 10,000-20,000 D) Less than 100
A
10. What is one factor responsible for the rapid fire development in today's built environment? 2 points A) The volume of commodities and synthetics B) Lax building codes and enforcement C) Failure to call 911 D) Underfunding of the fire service
A
11. A Class A fire involves what types of materials? 2 points A) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics B) Flammable gases and flammable or combustible liquids C) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics, which are energized by electrical circuits, wiring, motors, and other equipment D) Combustible metals
A
15. NFPA 921 defines fire as which of the following? A) the speed with which the flame front (oxidation zone) moves across a fuel's surface. B) the amount of energy or heat given off by the fire. C) lighting a material on fire with a match. D) lightning striking a tree and starting a forest fire.
A
17. What is a flame? 2 points A) The visible, luminous body where the oxidation reaction is occurring B) The byproducts of combustion such as soot and gases C) All of the components of the combustion process, such as heat, soot, and gases. D) None of the above
A
18. What is a class 4 hazardous material per the U.S. Department of Transportation? 2 points A) Flammable solid B) Radioactive material C) Explosive D) Oxidizer
A
22. The energy required to move one kilogram one meter per second over a distance of one meter is a: 2 points A) joule. B) watt. C) calorie. D) BTU.
A
23. The combined gas law relates what three properties? 2 points A) Temperature, pressure, volume B) Heat, energy, density C) Kelvin, Rankine, Fahrenheit D) Hose diameter, sprinkler output, pump size
A
23. What term describes the pressure exerted by vapors leaving the liquid surface? 2/2 A) Vapor pressure B) Atmospheric pressure C) Head pressure D) Static pressure
A
24. Having definite shape and volume describes what state of matter? 2/2 A) Solid B) Liquid C) Gas D) Plasma
A
25. Solids undergo ________ as they chemically break down to become fuel gasses that can burn in the gas phase. 2/2 A) pyrolysis B) direct combustion C) boiling D) charring
A
26. What defines a gaseous state? 2 points A) Atoms that collide but are not in a fixed arrangement and assume the shape of a container B) Atoms that collide in a fixed arrangement and have a definite shape C) Atoms that are condensed but not in a fixed arrangement and assume the shape of a container D) Atoms that are connected in compounds
A
26. Which choice describes the endothermic process of pyrolysis? 2/2 A) Absorbs heat/energy B) Releases heat/energy C) Is in equilibrium through the entire reaction D) None of the above
A
27. What is a stoichiometric mixture? 2 points A) The exact proper mixture (mass of each reactant) of chemical for a chemical reaction B) The percentage of air and fuel where the lowest amount of fuel will combust C) The highest percentage of fuel to air where combustion can occur D) A mixture that reacts and does not consume fuel or oxygen
A
27. What is the heat of gasification? 2/2 A) Amount of energy that is required to produce a unit mass of flammable vapor from a combustible that is initially at ambient temperatures B) Amount of energy required to change state of matter C) Amount of energy that must be applied to change matter, at the boiling point, from liquid to gas D) Energy that must be absorbed to change from solid to liquid
A
28. What is the term for carbonaceous material that has been burned or pyrolyzed and has a blackened appearance? 2/2 A) Char B) Charcoal C) Oxidation D) Blisters
A
29. How will the presence of char affect the burning rate of a fuel? 2/2 A) Burning rates will be slowed, and the energy required increases. B) Burning rates will increase, with less energy required. C) Pyrolysis will achieve a neutral state. D) Flaming combustion will be increased.
A
3. The predominant factor that led to the large number of deaths at the Cocoanut Grove fire was: 2 points A) inward swinging doors. B) too many windows. C) large amounts of flammable liquids. D) understaffing
A
30. Smoldering combustion is characterized by which of the following? 2/2 A) Oxidation reaction in the solid phase that produces light B) Oxidation reaction in the solid phase that produces heat C) Gas phase flame D) Both A and B
A
31. Flammability limits are dependent on which of the following? 2 points A) Temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration B) Type of heat source, duration, and moisture C) Exposure to other fuels and upper flammable limits of the materials D) None of the above
A
31. Melting is a physical change of a substance: 2/2 A) from solid to liquid. B) from liquid to gas. C) from solid directly to gas. D) directly from a gas to a solid.
A
33. What is the major source of fuel in upholstered furniture? 2/2 A) Polyurethane foam B) Wooden frame C) Metal springs D) Exterior coverings
A
33. Which of the following describes an endothermic reaction? 2 points A) Absorbs energy/heat B) Gives off energy/heat C) Is equally balanced between heat absorption and production D) All of the above
A
34. The temperature to which a mixture of fuel gas and air must be raised to initiate combustion without any external heat source is called: 2 points A) autoignition temperature. B) heat of combustion. C) heat release rate. D) heat of vaporization
A
34.Plastics that have been hardened into a defined shape during manufacturing and that when heated will typically not soften or melt but produce char, are called: 2/2 A) thermosetting plastics. B) thermoplastics. C) elastomers. D) polyurethanes.
A
35. Specific gravity of vapors and gases is termed: 2 points A) vapor density. B) vapor percentage. C) vapor weight. D) gas density.
A
38. Nearly all metals burn under the right conditions. 2/2 A) True B) False
A
39. What is ignition temperature? 2/2 A) Minimum temperature required for ignition of fuel gases under specific test conditions B) Temperature required to produce the lower flammable limit and can be ignited in the presence of a piloted ignition source C) Temperature at which oxidation reactions will initiate within fuel/air mixtures without an outside pilot source D) Temperature at which sufficient vapors will be produced to support combustion
A
41. Which of the following thermophysical properties are termed thermal inertia? 3/3 A) Density, specific heat, and thermal conductivity B) Ignition temperature, specific heat, and thermal conductivity C) Density, state of matter, and thermal conductivity D) Density, specific heat, and flash point
A
42. In geometry of fuels, which shape of fuel surface will reflect the LEAST imposed heat flux? 2/2 A) Convex B) Concave C) Flat D) All of the above Hints: Section 8.11.2
A
44. The flow of the heated gases, and thus the convective heat transfer, aiding in the flame spread is known as: 2/2 A) concurrent flow flame spread. B) counterflow flame spread. C) conduction. D) viscous drag.
A
46. What is the term for the inability to absorb heat energy very well, resulting in quickly transferring heat from one side to the opposite side of the material? 2/2 A) Thermally thin B) Thermally thick C) Thermally unbalanced D) Thermal inertia Hints: Section 8.12 Other:
A
5. Three known conditions that can lead to firefighter fatalities are flashover, rollover, and: 2 points A) backdraft. B) room contents. C) arson fire behavior. D) weather
A
8. The standard time-temperature curve does not take into account what kinds of fuels that are common today? 2 points A) Synthetic materials B) Flammable liquids C) Combustible metals D) Fire-resistant materials
A
12. A Class B fire involves what types of materials 2 points A) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics B) Flammable gases and flammable or combustible liquids C) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics, which are energized by electrical circuits, wiring, motors, and other equipment D) Combustible metals
B
16. A Class K fire involves what types of materials? 2 points OA) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics B) Certain cooking media such as vegetable and animal fats and oils C) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics, which are energized by electrical circuits, wiring, motors, and other equipment D) Combustible metals
B
19. What is a premixed flame? 2 points A) A flame where air is introduced at the point of combustion, or flame sheet B) A flame where air is introduced before the point of combustion C) A flame that spreads across a horizontal surface D) A flame that moves across a ceiling
B
2. What is the approximate average number of firefighters killed in the line of duty each year from 2000-2010? 2 points A) 100 B) 300 C) 10,000 D) Number not tracked
B
21. Miscibility and solubility are terms used interchangeably to describe which of the following? 2/2 A) A heating unit being adjusted to raise the liquid's temperature slowly B) The tendency of materials to become solutions or to retain their initial characteristics C) The flash point being recorded as the temperature that occurred immediately before a flash fire is witnessed D) All of the above
B
25. Which BEST describes the temperature scale known as Fahrenheit? 2 points A) The measurement of heat energy B) A measurement of temperature used most commonly in the United States where 32 degrees is the freezing point of water C) A scale using absolute zero, where water freezes at 273.15 degrees and boils at 373.13 degrees D) A temperature measurement scale where all molecular movement ceases at zero degrees and water freezes at 491.67 degrees
B
28. What is the lower flammable limit? 2 points A) The exact proper mixture (mass of each reactant) of chemical for a chemical reaction B) The percentage of air and fuel where the lowest amount of fuel will combust C) The highest percentage of fuel to air where combustion can occur D) A mixture that reacts and does not consume fuel or oxygen
B
32. Which of the following describes an exothermic reaction? 2 points A) Absorbs energy/heat B) Gives off energy/heat C) Is equally balanced between heat absorption and production D) All of the above
B
35. Plastics that are not cured or hardened during the manufacturing process and that soften and melt when exposed to heat are: 2/2 A) thermosetting plastics. B) thermoplastics. C) elastomers. D) polyurethanes.
B
37. Smoke is defined as: 2 points A) the structural failure of a container. B) the gases, vapors, and small particles that come off from a burning substance. C) the generation of high-pressure gas from an exothermic chemical reaction. D) the propagation of a combustion zone at a velocity that is greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium.
B
37. ________ are plastics created with pockets of air throughout the fuel. 2/2 A) Thermosetting plastics B) Foams or cellular plastics C) Elastomers D) Polyurethanes
B
40. What is the piloted ignition temperature? 2/2 A) Minimum temperature required for ignition of fuel gases under specific test conditions B) Temperature required to produce the lower flammable limit and can be ignited in the presence of a piloted ignition source C) Temperature at which oxidation reactions will initiate within fuel/air mixtures without an outside pilot source D) Temperature at which sufficient vapors will be produced to support combustion
B
43. In the orientation of solid fuels, which will typically have slower flame spread under identical conditions? 2/2 A) Vertical B) Horizontal C) Both A and B D) None of the above
B
45. The flow of air entraining into a combustion reaction that is going against the spreading flame is known as: 2/2 A) concurrent flow flame spread. B) counterflow flame spread. C) conduction. D) viscous drag.
B
47. What is the term for solids that absorb heat energy more readily and do not transfer it as quickly through the material to the opposite side? 2/2 A) Thermally thin B) Thermally thick C) Thermally unbalanced D) Thermal inertia Hints: Section 8.12
B
16. Flammable liquids have a flash point (per NFPA 30): 2/2 A) below 100 degrees Fahrenheit. B) below 85 degrees Fahrenheit. C) above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. D) above 140 degrees Fahrenheit
Below 100
Heat release rates of pool fires are dependent on which of the following? A) Surface area exposed to air B) Heat of combustion of the fuel C) Both A and B D) None of the above
Both A and B
13. A Class C fire involves what types of materials? 2 points A) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics B) Flammable gases and flammable or combustible liquids C) Natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics, which are energized by electrical circuits, wiring, motors, and other equipment D) Combustible metals
C
22. Why do aerosols ignite so easily? 2/2 A) Low heat energy required for autoignition of flammable vapors released by the liquid B) High velocity out of nozzle C) High surface to mass ratio D) None of the above
C
29. What is the upper explosive limit? 2 points A) The exact proper mixture (mass of each reactant) of chemical for a chemical reaction B) The percentage of air and fuel where the lowest amount of fuel will combust C) The highest percentage of fuel to air where combustion can occur D) A mixture that reacts and does not consume fuel or oxygen
C
36. ________, including butadiene and neoprene, are items that have been created to match the properties of natural rubbers. 2/2 A) Thermosetting plastics B) Thermoplastics C) Elastomers D) Polyurethanes
C
9. Flame spread of the soundproofing used at the Station Night Club was known to fire-testing agencies and professionals, but was not considered during which phase? 2 points A) Installation B) Fire code inspection C) Both A and B D) None of the above
C
A view factor method 2/2 A) identifies the minimum temperature required for ignition of fuel gases under specific test conditions. B) determines the temperature required to produce the lower flammable limit and can be ignited in the presence of a piloted ignition source. C) determines the temperature at which oxidation reactions will initiate within fuel/air mixtures without an outside pilot source. D) approximates the flame as a geometric shape and uses an average emissive power of the geometric object to estimate the heat flux to a target. Hints: Section 8.9
C
What is the autoignition temperature, (autogenous ignition temperature)? 3/3 A) Minimum temperature required for ignition of fuel gases under specific test conditions B) Temperature required to produce the lower flammable limit and can be ignited in the presence of a piloted ignition source C) Temperature at which oxidation reactions will initiate within fuel/air mixtures without an outside pilot source D) Temperature at which sufficient vapors will be produced to support combustion
C
14. Under NFPA classification, which of the following presents the most significant threat of producing ignitable vapors at ambient conditions? 2/2 A) Class IA B) Class IB C) Class IC D) Class II
Class 1A
15. Under NFPA classification, which of the following presents the least significant threat of producing ignitable vapors at ambient conditions? 2/2 A) Class IA B) Class IIIB C) Class IC D) Class II
Class 3B
14. A Class D fire involves what types of materials? 2 points A) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics B) Flammable gases and flammable or combustible liquids C) Ordinary cellulosic materials such as wood and paper as well as similar natural and synthetic materials like rubber and plastics, which are energized by electrical circuits, wiring, motors, and other equipment D) Combustible metals
D
19. What is a liquid's flash point? 2/2 A) Highest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a flame across its surface B) Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid reaches its boiling point C) Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate that is too rich to support a combustion D) Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a momentary flame across its surface
D
20. What is a liquid's fire point? 2/2 A) Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a momentary flame across its surface B) Highest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a flame across its surface C) Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid reaches its boiling point D) Temperature at which the substance must be raised to produce sufficient vapors to sustain burning after the initial flash
D
21. What is a turbulent flame? A) A flame where air is introduced at the point of combustion, or flame sheet B) A flame with oxidation occurring within a generalized area but not in a steady geometric pattern C) A flame that spreads across a horizontal surface D) A flame that moves across a ceiling
D
24. Which BEST describes the temperature scale of Celsius? 2 points A) The measurement of heat energy B) A measurement of temperature used most commonly in the United States where 32 degrees is the freezing point of water C) A scale using absolute zero, where water freezes at 273.15 degrees and boils at 373.13 degrees D) A temperature scale based on the fixed points of zero degrees as the freezing point of water and 100 degrees as the boiling point
D
32. Cellulosic materials consist of all of the following EXCEPT: 2/2 A) wood. B) paper. C) cotton. D) hydrocarbons.
D
36. Caution should be used when evaluating gasses because: 2 points A) gases are expensive. B) gases are not readily available in industry. C) people are complacent when dealing with gases. D) gases not listed as flammable can sometimes ignite under certain conditions.
D
4. The term fire dynamics refers to: 2 points A) heat transfer. B) backdraft. C) firefighter operations. D) the interrelationship of fuel, heat, oxygen, chemical reactions, and the physical world
D
6. Fire protection professionals must utilize a full knowledge of what topics? 2 points A) Fuels and fuel geometry B) Detection C) Suppression D) All of the above
D
7. Fire prevention professionals involved in inspections are charged with identifying conditions that: 2 points A) exceed design criteria for fire protection systems. B) adversely affect passive fire protection elements. C) hinder active fire protection and detection elements. D) include all of the above.
D
Which of the following is NOT a material property that influences both ignition and flame spread? 0/2 A) Thermal conductivity B) Specific heat C) Density D) Moisture
D
17. Under the Federal Hazardous Substances Act, ignitable liquids are classified as which of the following? 2/2 A) Extremely flammable, flammable, or combustible B) Ignitable, flammable, or combustible C) Ignitable, inflammable, or combustible D) None of the above
Extremely flammable, flammable, or combustible
What is the main measurement used when considering the ignitability of liquids A) Flash point B) Fire point C) Flame point D) Boiling point
Flash Point
The rate at which the heat energy is generated by burning is termed A) heat release rate. B) peak heat release rate. C) fuel load. D) fire load.
Heat Release Rate
The ________ of a material refers to the amount of energy emitted per unit of fuel mass consumed, and it varies by fuel A) heat of combustion B) specific heat C) heat release rate D) peak heat release rate
Heat of Combustion
________ is used to describe the amount of energy that is required to produce a unit mass of flammable vapor from a combustible that is initially at ambient temperatures A) Heat of combustion B) Specific heat C) Heat of gasification D) Peak heat release rate
Heat of Gastrification
Liquids evolving vapors that can undergo combustion with relative ease are considered to be: A) ignitable liquids. B) flammable liquids. C) combustible liquids. D) viscous.
Ignitable Liquids
The variables considered when determining a fuel's heat release rate include all of the following EXCEPT A) the heat of combustion. B) mass loss rate or burning rate. C) surface area. D) ignition temperature.
Ignition Temperature
The four ideal fire growth curves include all of the following EXCEPT: A) slow. B) infinite. C) ultrafast. D) fast.
Infinite
18. The energy required to change a liquid to a vapor is termed what? 0/2 A) Latent heat of vaporization B) Latent heat of fusion C) Latent heat of sublimation D) Heat of combustion
Latent heat of vaporization
The ________ is the loss of mass over time from the fuel's surface when undergoing combustion A) heat of combustion (ΔHc ) B) specific heat (cp) C) mass burning flux () D) peak heat release rate
Mass Burning Flux
The ________, often referred to as the burning rate, is the rate at which the fuel is losing mass while undergoing combustion and is usually expressed in kilograms per second (kg/s) or grams per second (g/s). A) heat of combustion (ΔHc ) B) mass loss rate () C) heat release rate () D) peak heat release rate
Mass Loss Rate
13. Which of the following sets a basis for classification of flammability of liquids? 2/2 A) NFPA 30 B) NFPA 72 C) NFPA 921 D) NFPA 101
NFPA 30
