First Aid

When washing your hands, you should rub the surfaces of your hands together at least

20 seconds.

What is the length of time to monitor a person for a severe allergic reaction that has been stung by a bee or bitten by an insect?

30 minutes

A women burned her hand in the lunchroom. You should:

1. Cool the burn with large amounts of fresh running water. 2. Cover the burn loosely with a dry, sterile dressing. 3. Remove her from the source of the burn.

Which situation would you move a person from a scene?

A vehicle collision in which one care is nose-down in a fast moving creek.

If an open wound continues to bleed after applying direct pressure --

Add additional dressings and continue to apply pressure; Do not remove any blood-soaked dressings; and ensure 911 or the local emergency number has been called.

You are playing soccer when a player on the other team falls, breaking his fall with an outstretched arm. When he gets up, the player is holding his left arm close to his body and is complaining of shoulder pain. How would you initially care for this suspected shoulder injury?

Allow the person to continue holding his left arm close to his body.

You have been bandaged a person's lacerated forearm. Blood is soaking through the dressing and bandage. What should you do?

Apply additional dressing and bandages and call 911 or the local emergency number, if not already done.

The correct order of steps when caring for a victim who is bleeding externally

Apply direct pressure to the wound; apply a pressure bandage

What is the first step in caring for a wound with significant bleeding?

Apply direct pressure with a sterile or clean dressing.

You suspect that Mary has seriously sprained her knee. To care for Mary, you decide to apply a splint to her leg. The splint should include the --

Bones above and below the knee

If one is seeking more information on CPR, AED, or first aid training they should

Call 1-877-AHA-4CPR (877-242-4277) or visit www.heart.org/cpr

After taking care of an injured co-worker at work, you should

Call 911

What care should you provide to a person in shock?

Call 911 and help them lie down and cover them to keep them warm.

If a co-worker refuses care due to an illness or injury at work, what should you do?

Call 911 and monitor them until advance medical care takes over.

A young woman is having trouble breathing and, base on your check of the person, you suspect she is having a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting. What should you do?

Call 911 immediately and care for the person until EMS personnel take over.

You are in a shopping mall and a person has a seizure. The seizure only lasts a few minutes. after which the person is awake and disoriented. What care should you give to this person now that the seizure is over?

Call 911 or the local emergency number before check for any life-threatening conditions.

When giving care to a person who has an injury to the chest, abdomen, or pelvis, what would you do first?

Call 911 or the local emergency number.

You suspect that a victim might have ingested a poison but are unsure about the severity of the problem. Which action would be most appropriate?

Call 911 or the local emergency number.

What is a common signal of sudden illness?

Changes in the level of consciousness, change in body temperature, and change in breathing and pulse.

What is a signal of a serious head, neck, or back injury?

Changes in the level of consciousness.

Which is the first step you should take in caring for a victim with burns?

Check to see if the scene is safe.

You are applying a rigid splint to an injured wrist that is not bleeding. What would be most important to do before and after applying the splint?

Checking the fingers for feelings, warmth, and color.

What might be a signal of heat stroke?

Confusion

If you are helping a person with a small burn, you should

Cool the area with cold water until it takes the burning away and then cover it with a nonstick dressing.

A person is experiencing heat exhaustion. What type of solution should be sprayed on their body?

Cool water

The sudden illness results from too much or too little sugar in the person's blood. What is it?

Diabetic Emergency

What precaution should you take in applying an insect repellent containing DEET to children?

Do not apply repellent to the children's hands.

In stroke recognition, FAST means

Face, Arm, Speech, and Time

True or False. A boy has tripped and twisted his ankle. You should apply heat to the injured area for 20 minutes to reduce swelling.

False

True or False. A hiker has an impaled stick in his thigh. You would immediately remove the stick and apply direct pressure with a sterile dressing and seek medical attention.

False

True or False. You come upon a co-worker that has ingested poison. You should quickly induce vomiting.

False

True or False. A co-worker spilled hot cocoa on their wrist. You should place it in cold water.

False.

True or False. A hockey player's tooth is knocked out. You should have them place back in their mouth and seek a dentist.

False.

True or False. You arrive on the scene of an automobile accident. You noticed fluid coming from the back en of one of the motor vehicles. You would immediately remove the people from the damaged vehicles.

False.

True or False. You have applied a tourniquet to an arm that was severed. You should loosen the tourniquet every 10 minutes.

False.

A co-worker spills a dry powder substance on her skin and she complains that it is burning. What course of action would you take?

Flush the area with running warm water.

A person has sustained a chemical burn to his right eye. Which action would be appropriate?

Flush the eye with running water until EMS personnel arrive.

A group of friends are playing football in the park. One of the players is hit in the chest and falls to the ground. He gets up holding his right chest area with his arm. Which injury would be most likely?

Fracture of the scapula.

How should you care for someone with minor frostbite on the fingers?

Get the person to a warm environment and then rewarm his or her hands using skin-to-skin contact.

Your friend has diabetes and tells you that he is feeling a "little shaky" You notice that he looks ill and is quite pale. He is alert and responsive. You suspect that he is having a diabetic emergency. Which of the following should you do?

Give him a glass of orange juice.

What is considered personal protective equipment?

Gloves, Eye protection, Face shield/pocket mask

When providing care for a person with a nosebleed, you should.

Have the person lean forward and press on both sides of their nose.

A person who has fallen is sitting on the ground complaining of pain in the lower left leg. Someone else has already called EMS personnel. How could you help care for this person while waiting for the EMS personnel to arrive?

Have the victim rest in the most comfortable position.

You should contact 911 immediately if a person is

Having chest pain, having a stroke, or having difficulty breathing.

What identifies the progressions that heat-related illnesses can follow from least to most severe?

Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke

Heat-related illnesses include:

Heat stroke, Heat exhaustion, and Heat cramps

If someone is confused and needing first aid, what should you do?

Help the person

Which method is best used to immobilize a person with a suspected head, neck, or back injury that is face-up in calm, shallow water?

Hip and shoulder support.

Where is the best location in which to place a child up to one year of age to check for any signs or symptoms of illness or injury?

In a parent's or caregiver's lap or arms

A middle age man has gotten stung by a bee. His epinephrine pen is nearby. What area of the victim's body should you inject the pen?

In the thigh, halfway between the hip and the knee.

You are caring for a victim of an automobile accident. The victim, is complaining of pain in her abdomen, nausea, and extreme thirst. She also has a pulse that is rapid and weak. What condition might you suspect?

Internal bleeding

While at the mall, you notice several bystanders who have crowded around an elderly woman. She is sitting on a bench and appears quite confused or dazed. As you approach the crowd you ask "what's going on"? One of the bystanders says the woman is asking someone to help her. How would you approach the situation?

Introduce yourself speaking slowly and clearly at the person's eye level

The general guidelines for caring for someone with a sudden illness include --

Keeping the person from getting chilled or overheated.

If you suspect someone is having a heart attack, you should care for the victim by

Keeping them calm and calling 911

A victim is having difficulty breathing and swelling of the face and tongue. What would you look for to help determine their possible medical condition?

Medical alert jewlery

You come upon a female who has tripped and is bleeding from a cut on her leg. Where would you apply the direct pressure to the wound?

On the Dressings.

Which type of injury involves an open wound in which the bone has torn through the skin?

Open fracture

Signals of Shock

Pale, cold clammy skin and feels weak, dizzy and thirsty.

A student has a minor burn on the top of their foot from spilling hot soup. What care would you provide to cool the area?

Place the foot under cool, running water.

You come upon a pregnant female that is conscious and choking. What care would you provide to dislodge the obstruction?

Provide chest thrusts until the object is expelled.

You arrive upon the scene of a car crash. You notice that the victim's arm has been amputated. What course of action would you take to protect the amputated arm?

Put it in a watertight plastic bag and place it in another container with ice or ice and water.

A victim suffering from hypothermia needs to be rewarmed, but not rewarmed too quickly. Why?

Rapid rewarming can cause dangerous heart rhythms.

Signal of a mild reaction to a bite or sting

Redness at the entry site.

The first step you would take to care for an elderly person who is suffering from a high body temperature as a result of extreme heat would be to

Remove the victim from the hot enviroment

The general care for a muscle, bone, or joint injury includes

Rest, Immobilize, Cold, and Elevate

You come upon the scene of an accident and the victim is in a face down position. You suspect that the victim has a head, neck, or back injury. You also find that the victim is not breathing. How would you begin to care for this victim's breathing emergency?

Roll the victim onto his or her back but avoid twisting the spine

The body's first reaction to cold is to constrict the blood vessels near the skin, moving warm blood to the center of the body. What is the body's next reaction?

Shivering

The best way to immobilize an ankle or foot injury is with a

Soft splint

When someone faints, it is for a short period and they will

Stop responding for less than a minute and then seem fine.

What sudden illness is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain?

Stroke

What is a sign of a stroke?

Sudden difficulty speaking

How do you care for a person with a possible head, neck or spinal injury?

Support the head in the position you find it in. Do not try to align it.

The proper order for applying a rigid splint to an injured wrist that is not bleeding?

Support the injured part in the position in which you find it; check for feeling, warmth, and color; place the rigid splint under the injured area and the bones that are above and below the injury; secure the splint; recheck for feeling, warmth, and color.

What would indicate a severe blocked airway?

The victim cannot talk or breath.

While playing football, a friend gets hit in the abdomen. They have a bruise and show signs of shock. What do you suspect is wrong?

They are bleeding internally

Why is it important to support the victim's head and spine when moving a victim?

To prevent movement in case of a head or spine injury.

True or False. An elderly woman is experiencing low blood sugar. She is sitting up and responding to your questions. You should give her something with sugar to eat or drink.

True

True or False. Signs of severe allergic reaction would include difficulty breathing, swelling of the face and tongue and possibility of the person not responding.

True

True or False. You find a student with a pencil in their right eye. You would encourage the student to lie on the ground and persuade the student to let you wrap it in place to prevent movement.

True.

What is the best way to remove an embedded tick from the skin?

Use fine-tipped, pointed tweezers pulling firmly upward as close as possible to the skin.

What action would be most appropriate when giving care to a person experiencing minor frostbite?

Using skin-to-skin contact to rewarm the body part.

A neighbor has been bitten by a spider. You make sure the scene is sage and put on gloves. What is the next step in providing care?

Wash the bitten area with soap and running water.

A person you are helping is conscious and alert but is complaining of a severe headache, pain in his or her abdomen, and nausea. You observe that the person's lips and mouth are very red and swollen. You suspect that the victim might have been exposed to a poison. What first question might you as the person to help confirm your suspicion?

What have you recently had to eat or drink?

You are involved in a car crash. As you attempt to leave your car, you notice that your right ankle hurts and cannot support your weight. The driver of the other car is not yet moving and the car engine is still running. There is a liquid you believe is gas coming from the back end of the car, although there appears to be no immediate danger of fire. What limitation to moving a victim is of immediate concern to you?

Your physical ability as a result of the pain of your ankle.

A person has sustained an injury to her shoulder in which the bone is separated from its normal position in the joint. This type of injury is call

a dislocation

Sudden weakness or numbness of the face, arm, or leg, especially on one side of the body would indicate --

a stroke

Minor internal bleeding should be cared for by --

applying ice to the injured area to help reduce pain and sweeling.

An electrical injury occurred to a co-worker, so you should

call or send someone to call 911

You should never rub an area of the body you think might be affected with frostbite because rubbing can --

cause further damage

It is important to control severe bleeding from any child because --

even a small amount of blood loss may be serious because of the size of the child

Care for a person with heat exhaustion includes --

getting the person out of the heat and into a cooler place.

A friend collapses. As she regains consciousness she has difficulty speaking and one side of her face and body appear to be paralyzed. These signals lead you to believe your co-worker has --

had a stroke.

General care for shock may include --

helping the victim rest as comfortably as possible.

A person of an ingested poison should be encouraged to vomit --

only if advised to do so by a medical professional

When caring for a person who is having a seizure, you should --

remove nearby objects that might cause injury

It is important to remove your gloves after providing care to a bleeding victim

so you don't touch the blood or body fluids of the victim.

The 4 ways that a poison can enter a person's body are ---

through the lungs, by being swallowed, through the skin, or by being injected.

The most effective action you can take to minimize disease transmission when caring for a victim with external bleeding is to

wear disposable gloves

It is important to wear personal protective equipment because it ---

will protect one's self from blood-borne diseses

In general, you should elevate a suspected musculoskeletal injury above the level of the heart. You should not elevate an injury if--

you suspect a fracture or dislocation.