First Aid Final

You have checked a person for consciousness, and there is no response. You should

check for pulse and breathing

Fainting is caused by

decreased blood flow to the brain

What should you do for a conscious adult who cannot cough, speak or breathe?

give 5 back blows and 5 abdominal thrusts, then continue cycles until object is forced out, person can breathe, or person becomes unconscious.

A stoma

hole in the neck

You should call 911 for the following situation

if the person is unconscious, has breathing problems, chest or abdominal pain, severe bleeding, vomiting blood, severe burns, poisining, seizure, strokes, head/neck/spine injury, broken bones.

When an insect leaves a stinger in a person's skin

it keeps pumping poison

First aid care for hypothermia involves

looking for symptoms such as shivering, numbness, glassy stare, etc. Call 911 immediately...move to warm place and remove wet clothes. Gradually warm the body by wrapping in blankets. In severe hypothermia, perform CPR and continue to warm until EMS arrives.

Treatment for shock involves

maintaining body temperature and possibly readjusting the body.

Good Samaritan Laws

offer legal protection to people who give reasonable assistance to those who are injured, ill, in peril, or otherwise incapacitated.[1] The protection is intended to reduce bystanders' hesitation to assist, for fear of being sued or prosecuted for unintentional injury or wrongful death.

Which of the following "emergency moves" is most appropriate when dealing with a person who probably has a head, neck or back injury?

stabilize the spine and call 911

It is permissible to move an injured person if

you are faced with immediate danger, you have to get another person who may have a more serious problem, when it is necessary to give proper care (CPR)

The Emergency Action Steps are

1.) Check the scene and the person 2.) Call 911 or the local emergency number 3.) Care for the person

When a person's heart stops, each minute that goes by without the delivery of a shock from an AED reduces the victim's chances of survival by

10%

You are checking the vital signs of a conscious person. How often should you re-check those signs?

5 minutes

This sudden illness results from too much or too little sugar in the person's blood

Diabetic Emergency

You are thinking about calling 911 for an ambulance when dealing with a conscious victim

"Call 911, tell them we have a conscious adult here who says they (condition). Ask for ambulance, make sure of our location, and check back with me after you make the call.

The following signs indicate that a victim might be in shock

- Altered level of consciousness -Nausea or vomiting -Pale, ashen-gray, cool, moist skin -Rapid breathing and pulse

To control a nosebleed

- Sit with head slightly forward while pinching the nostrils together for about 10 minutes - Apply an ice pack to the bridge of the nose

Heat Stroke

- the least common but most severe heat-related illness. It usually occurs when people ignore the signals of heat exhaustion. Heat stroke develops when the body systems are overwhelmed by heat and begin to stop functioning.

HIV

- when HIV infects the body, it damages the body's immune system and impairs its ability to fight other infections. The two most likely ways for HIV to be transmitted during care would be through: -Unprotected direct contact with infected blood -Unprotected indirect contact with infected blood

A person is having a heart attack. Taking aspirin can limit the damage, but the victim might have contraindications, such as

-Allergies -Stomach ulcers or disease -Blood thinners -Avoid taking aspirin

A person has had a finger completely severed from the hand

-Call 911 -Wrap the finger in sterile gauze or clean material -Place part in a plastic bag and keep it cool

A young child is having a febrile seizure. You should

-Prevent injury -Protect the person's airway -Make sure the airway is open after the seizure has ended

Anaphylactic Shock

-air passages swell and restrict a person's breathing -Anaphylaxis can be brought on when a person with an allergy comes into contact with allergens via insect stings, food, medications, and other substances.

First aid care for a rattlesnake bite involves

-call 911 -stay away from the snake -keep them calm -remove tight clothing -wash with soap and water

Tetanus

-is a severe infection that can result from a puncture or deep cut. -prevent with immunizations

You have been bitten by a black widow spider

An antivenin is available for black widow bites; and other treatment may be needed as well.

Generally, the most important thing a first aider can do in an emergency situation is

Call 911 or the local emergency number.

What is the first step in caring for a bleeding wound

Apply direct pressure with a sterile or clean dressing.

The primary way the viruses HIV, HBV and HCV are transmitted from victim to rescuer during a first aid situation is through

Blood transmission

You suspect that someone is having a severe allergic reaction to a bee sting and is having trouble breathing. What should you do first?

Call 911

What should you do if you suspect that a conscious person has been poisoned?

Call the Poison Control Center and follow the advice given.

The leading cause of death in the USA is from

Cardiac Arrest

A man burned his hand while pouring coffee. You should

Cool the burn with running water, Cover burn with loosely dressing, and remove her from the burn.

In stroke recognition, F.A.S.T. means

Facial drooping Arm weakness Speech difficulties Time

What should you do for a person suffering from heat exhaustion?

Get the person out of the heat and into a cooler place.

How should you care for someone with frostbitten hands?

Get the person to a worm environment and then re-worm his or her hands in warm water.

A person is suffering from pain or discomfort in the chest that lasts more than 3 to 5 minutes, or that goes away and comes back; this person is most likely having

Heart attack

The progression that heat-related emergencies can follow from early stage (least severe) to late stage (most severe) is

Heat Cramps Heat Exhaustion Heat Stroke

The most common method for treating an asthma attack is through the taking of medication

Inhalation

How should you care for a person with a possible head, neck or back injury?

Minimize movement of the head, neck and back.

A person is injured and has a broken bone that has torn through the skin. What kind of injury is it?

Open Fracture or Compound Fracture

A person is having a seizure that involves convulsions; you should

Remove nearby objects that might cause injury

RICE

Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation

What is the "recovery position"?

Rolling person on side Place hand under face Place one knee on top of the other

In general, a splint should be

Snug, but not so tight that it slows circulation

If a conscious adult does not give you consent to perform first aid, what should you do?

Step back and call for more advanced medical personnel.

What sudden illness is usually caused by a blockage of blood flow to the brain?

Stroke

In order to establish consciousness or unconsciousness in a person you should

Tap on shoulder and ask if he/she is ok, use name, and speak loudly. For an infant, tap shoulder or flick foot and monitor for responsiveness.

Good Samaritan Laws protect the first aider from legal responsibility as long as the first aider

acts within the standard of care for someone with their training

Age definitions have been established by the Red Cross to be as follows

an adult is defined as someone about age 12 or older Somone between the ages of 1 and 12 is considered to be a child An infant is someone younger than a year

You are caring for a bleeding wound that continues to bleed significantly even after you have applied a bandage; you should

apply an additional pressure bandage to absorb the blood and elevate the wound.

What's the most important thing you should do as a first aider when involved with a person who has a life-threatening condition?

call 911

Proper first aid to prevent shock

call 911 have them lie down cover with blanket monitor

First aid for a closed wound that is bleeding internally includes

call 911 lay them down watch for shock