First Aid, Safety and CPR Procedures

Dislocation

Separation of a bone from its normal position in a joint

Fracture

A break or crack in a bone

For ALL Emergencies

Check the scene to make sure it is safe

Sprain/strain

when a muscle, ligament or tendon is overstretched

Treatment for a sprain/strain

(P-protect), R-rest, I-Ice, C-Compression, E-Elevate

How do you control bleeding

Apply pressure to the wound and raise above the level of the heart

Second Degree Burn

A burn involving multiple layers out skin that results in blisters and peeling

First Degree Burn

A burn involving only the outer layer of skin

Third Degree Burn

A burn involving several layers of skin that can result in the skin being charred or white

Laceration

A cut caused by a sharp object. If the wound is deep or wide, go to the doctor. Otherwise, stop the bleeding, wash the area, and apply ointment and a bandage.

Good Samaritan Laws

A law saying that you cannot be sued if you are providing first aid to someone.

Abrasion

A scrape. Stop the bleeding, wash the area and apply ointment and a bandage.

Puncture

A wound caused by a sharp object piercing the skin. Wash the area and bandage it. if you are unsure if your tetanus booster is up to date, seek medical treatment.

Avulsion

A wound with skin or tissue partly or completely torn from the body. Seek medical treatment as this usually requires stitches.

Treatment for ADULT choking

Abdominal thrusts

Treatment for animal bites

Anyone who is bitten by an unknown or wild animal should seek emergency medical care immediately. Wash the bite area thoroughly with mild soap and water. Apply pressure as needed to stop any bleeding. Apply antibiotic ointment and a sterile dressing. If the wound swells, apply ice wrapped in a towel for ten minutes. A tetanus booster shot may be required for any bite that has broken the skin. If the bite develops signs of infection (such as redness, pain, or swelling), seek emergency medical care.

Treatment for shock

Call 911; keep the victim calm, warm, and comfortable; elevate the feet 12 inches with the victim laying on their back. Do NOT give the victim anything to eat or drink.

Treatment for poisonous plants

Avoid rubbing your skin, washing the area immediately with soap and water and remove/wash any clothing or other objects that have touched the plant as well. If an allergic reaction develops, an over-the-counter cream or an oral antihistamine may ease the itching

Treatment for a fracture or dislocation

Call 911 if it is severe and you need immediate help. Keep the victim still and calm. If the skin is broken, rinse it carefully but do not disturb the bone. Cover the wound with a sterile dressing, if available. If necessary, apply a splint to immobilize the injured body part. Apply an ice pack to reduce pain and swelling. If the injury does not affect the head, neck, legs, or spine, have the victim lie down with the legs raised about 12 inches to prevent shock.

Treatment for a concussion

Call 911 or take them to a doctor as soon as possible. If the victim is conscious, have him or her lie down. Use first aid to treat any bleeding while you wait for help to arrive. If the victim is unconscious, avoid moving him or her if there is reason to suspect a head or neck injury. Otherwise, you can place the victim in the recovery position.

Treatment for a snake bite

Call 911; Do NOT: elevate the wound, move the victim, try to suck out the venom, apply cold/ice, apply medicines, use a tourniquet. DO: keep the victim calm, remove anything that may stop blood flow if swelling occurs, follow the directions of 911 operator, use a snakebite suction kit if one is available

First Steps in an Emergency

Check, Call, Care

Symptoms of shock

Cold, clammy skin; weak, rapid pulse or altered breathing; dull, string eyes or dilated pupils; faintness, weakness, confusion, loss of consciousness

Treatment for fainting

If you see someone faint, try to catch the person to stop him or her from falling. Lay the victim on the floor and elevate the legs. Loosen any tight clothing around the victim's neck. If the person vomits, quickly roll him or her into the recovery position. If the victim does not regain consciousness within a couple of minutes, call 911. Otherwise, just keep the victim lying still for 10 to 15 minutes. Have them visit with a doctor about this.

Treatment for nosebleeds

Lean head forward and apply pressure just below the bridge of the nose

How do you check the victim for breathing

Look, listen, feel

Treatment for insect or spider bites

Remove the stinger by scraping it off with a firm, straight-edged object such as a credit card. Do not use tweezers, since they may squeeze the stinger and release more venom. Wash the site with soap and water. Apply ice. You may use antihistamines and anti-itch creams may help reduce itching. If the victim has any signs of a severe reaction, such as weakness, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, call 911 immediately.

How do you perform abdominal thrusts

Stand behind the victim with your arms wrapped around them. Make a fist with one hand, turn the thumb side in and push up and in just above the victim's belly button.

Universal precautions

Steps you take to prevent germs from being spread when giving first aid. They include using a mouthpiece during rescue breathing, wearing sterile gloves, and washing hands after giving care.

How do you check the victim for a response

Tap on shoulder and shout "are you okay"

Treatment for poisoning

The first step in any case of poisoning is to call the National Poison Control Hotline at 1-800-222-1222. Even if you aren't sure the victim has been poisoned, call right away rather than wait for symptoms to develop. Be prepared to tell them : your name, location, and telephone number, the victim's condition, age, and weight, the name of the poison, when it was taken, and the amount of poison that was involved. If you do not have this information, tell as much as you know.

Unconsciousness

The state of not being alert or aware of your surroundings. A person who is unconscious is not able to respond to you.

Treatment for INFANT choking

Turn the baby over on your arm and do five back blows. Turn the baby back over, facing upwards, and do five chest compressions

Treatment for someone who is unconsiousness

check the victim for a response and then breathing. Call 911, stay with the victim and be prepared to perform CPR if they stop breathing. If the victim is breathing and does not seem to have an injury to the spine, place them in the recovery position