First Aid WRITTEN Final Exam
A hip is usually fractured by: a) a fall. b) a blow to the thigh. c) direct force to the foot or knee. d) None of the above.
a) a fall.
The three types of chemicals responsible for most chemical burns are: a) acids, alkalis, and organic compounds. b) steam, gas, and alkalis. c) acids, steam, and gas. d) acids, steam, and organic compounds.
a) acids, alkalis, and organic compounds.
The most appropriate bandage for sprains and contusions is: a) an elastic roller bandage. b) adhesive tape. c) a triangular bandage. d) a gauze roller bandage.
a) an elastic roller bandage.
The ________ is the largest artery in the human body. a) aorta b) vena cava c) pulmonary artery d) None of the above.
a) aorta
A late complication of near drownings that occurs 48 to 72 hours after the episode is: a) aspiration pneumonia. b) cardiac arrest. c) seizure. d) None of the above.
a) aspiration pneumonia.
The only effective treatment for a severe allergic reaction to insect stings is: a) epinephrine. b) prevention. c) antihistamine. d) nitroglycerin.
a) epinephrine.
The elbow must be splinted: a) in the position in which it is found. b) using a soft splint. c) only in a straight position. d) only in a bent position.
a) in the position in which it is found.
Clotting time is ________ when the victim is taking aspirin or is anemic. a) longer b) shorter c) about the same as in healthy individuals d) None of the above.
a) longer
Victims with a femur fracture can easily lose 2 quarts of blood in the thigh and develop: a) massive swelling. b) blood clots. c) loss of feeling. d) All of the above.
a) massive swelling.
A victim of a seizure should be placed: a) on his or her side. b) in a sitting position. c) on his or her back. d) on his or her stomach.
a) on his or her side.
Shock occurs when body parts do not receive adequate: a) oxygenated blood. b) hormones. c) nutrients. d) water.
a) oxygenated blood.
Open abdominal injuries are also known as: a) penetrating injuries. b) blunt injuries. c) sharp injuries. d) traumatic abdominal injuries.
a) penetrating injuries.
The bag/container with the wrapped amputated part should be: a) placed on a bed of ice. b) buried in a container of ice. c) placed in a container of ice water. d) surrounded by hot packs.
a) placed on a bed of ice.
The T in DOTS stands for: a) tenderness. b) trauma. c) tangled. d) torn.
a) tenderness.
When applying an arm sling, the injured arm's hand should be placed in a ________ position in the sling, and above the level of the elbow. a) thumb-up b) thumb-down c) palm-up d) palm-down
a) thumb-up
An important point to remember when treating a hypothermic victim is: a) to handle the victim very gently. b) that massaging the victim can be helpful in promoting heat production. c) to encourage the victim to walk to promote heat production. d) that alcohol, caffeine, and warm drinks are helpful in promoting heat production.
a) to handle the victim very gently.
How many inches are the legs elevated when treating for shock? a) 1 to 2 inches. b) 6 to 12 inches. c) 3 to 5 inches. d) 13 to 15 inches.
b) 6 to 12 inches.
Alcohol has been implicated in ________ of homicides. a) 87% b) 67% c) 47% d) 37%
b) 67%
Which of the following statements concerning bandages is correct? a) Bandages should always cover fingers or toes. b) A bandage should be clean. c) Elastic bandages are most appropriate for use on wounds. d) A bandage should be sterile.
b) A bandage should be clean.
Which of the following statements concerning shock is correct? a) A first aider can prevent shock from happening. b) A first aider can prevent shock from worsening. c) A first aider can reverse shock. d) None of the above.
b) A first aider can prevent shock from worsening.
What is the first step in caring for dry chemicals spilled on the skin? a) Cover the area with sterile gauze. b) Brush off the substance and flush with water. c) Read the chemical container's label for instructions. d) Immediately flush with water.
b) Brush off the substance and flush with water.
Emergency care of a flail chest includes: a) providing rescue breathing. b) Call 9-1-1 c) applying a sling to the arm d) transporting the victim yourself.
b) Call 9-1-1
Which type of amputation is a clean-cut complete detachment? a) Crushing b) Guillotine c) Degloving d) None of the above.
b) Guillotine
Symptoms of profuse sweating and near-normal body temperature are common with which heat illness? a) Heatstroke b) Heat exhaustion c) Heat syncope d) Heat cramps
b) Heat exhaustion
Blisters, swelling, weeping of fluids, and severe pain are characteristics of which type of burn? a) First-degree (superficial) b) Second-degree (partial-thickness) c) Third-degree (full-thickness) d) None of the above.
b) Second-degree (partial-thickness)
________ is classified as ischemic or hemorrhagic. a) Angina b) Stroke c) Heart attack d) Cardiac arrest
b) Stroke
Pelvis and hip fractures require: a) an anatomic splint. b) a long backboard. c) no splint. d) a soft splint.
b) a long backboard.
A ________ occurs when electricity jumps, or arcs, from one spot to another. a) thermal burn b) arc burn c) electrical injury d) All of the above.
b) arc burn
Septic shock develops in some victims with: a) damage to the nervous system. b) bacterial infection. c) failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood. d) significant fluid loss.
b) bacterial infection.
In a ________, the skin is not broken. a) open chest injury b) closed chest injury c) semi-open chest injury d) semi-closed chest injury
b) closed chest injury
A fracture that commonly occurs in children whose bones are pliable is called: a) traverse. b) greenstick. c) oblique. d) spiral.
b) greenstick.
An estimated 80% of all burn injuries occur: a) while recreational camping. b) in the home. c) at the workplace. d) in car accidents.
b) in the home.
Too much ________ and not enough ________ leads to low blood glucose. a) sugar, insulin b) insulin, sugar c) water, sugar d) None of the above.
b) insulin, sugar
Pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax are examples of injuries that can happen to the ________. a) chest wall b) lungs c) heart d) abdomen
b) lungs
When the fracture line crosses the bone in a slanting direction, the fracture is called: a) transverse. b) oblique. c) greenstick. d) spiral.
b) oblique.
In a ________ wound, there is a bullet entry point but no exit. a) crushing b) penetrating c) perforating d) lacerating
b) penetrating
Clear or pink watery fluid dripping from the nose or ear is a sign of a: a) concussion. b) skull fracture. c) contusion. d) scalp wound.
b) skull fracture.
Hypovolemic shock results from: a) damage to the nervous system. b) the loss of a significant amount of fluid. c) damage to blood vessels. d) failure of the heart to pump sufficient blood.
b) the loss of a significant amount of fluid.
Blood from ________ flows steadily or gushes. a) arteries b) veins c) capillaries d) None of the above.
b) veins
The condition where air in the chest cavity cannot exit, causing pressures that reduce heart and lung function, is called ________. a) pneumothorax b) hemothorax c) open pneumothorax d) tension pneumothorax
d) tension pneumothorax
A fractured femur is best splinted with a: a) rigid splint. b) sling. c) self-splint. d) traction splint.
d) traction splint.
What is hypoxia?
deficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the tissues (low oxygen levels)
Burn care aims to: a) reduce pain. b) provide physical protection. c) provide a favorable environment for healing. d) All of the above
d) All of the above
An example of an improvised dressing is: a) a handkerchief. b) a towel. c) a cloth. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Beside pain in the center of the chest, a heart attack victim may describe an uncomfortable: a) pressure. b) fullness. c) squeezing sensation. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
For which of the following reasons would you delay travel plans or start evacuation? a) Limb injury with deformity b) Severe frostbite c) Mild hypothermia d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
If a nosebleed continues bleeding after pinching the nostrils, you should: a) Seek immediate medical care if bleeding continues. b) Apply an ice pack or spray nasal decongestant into the nostrils. c) Have the victim gently blow the nose and pinch the nostrils again for 10 minutes. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
In cases of severe hypothermia, the first aider should: a) not check the victim's temperature. b) handle the victim gently. c) begin CPR and continue until the victim is evaluated by a healthcare provider. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
The chest discomfort of a heart attack may also be accompanied by: a) shortness of breath. b) sweating. c) nausea. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Under which circumstances can irrigation be used to remove small objects from the ear? a) As long as the object is not near the eardrum b) As long as the object doesn't block the entire ear canal c) As long as the object is not vegetable matter d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
What can be done to prevent blisters? a) Keep the skin lubricated. b) Apply duct or adhesive tape to problem areas. c) Wear proper clothing. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
What can be done to provide temporary relief from a toothache? a) Use dental floss to remove food trapped between teeth. b) Apply a small cotton ball soaked in oil of cloves to the tooth. c) Give the victim pain medicine. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
What can be done to reduce the likelihood of developing poisonous plant dermatitis? a) Wear protective clothing and use barrier preparations. b) Decontaminate at the end of the day with isopropyl alcohol and a water rinse. c) Dispose of all contaminated clothing and equipment. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
What should be done when caring for a victim of severe internal bleeding? a) Monitor breathing b) Treat for shock c) Seek immediate medical care d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which injury requires medical attention? a) A "snap, crackle, or pop" was heard at the time of injury. b) The injured area becomes hot, tender, swollen, or painful. c) The victim is unable to walk or bear weight after an ankle or knee injury. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following are characteristics of open wounds? a) Break in the skin surface b) External bleeding c) Possible infection d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
What is crepitus?
grating sound created by the rubbing of bone fragments
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis? a) Intense itching b) Flushed skin c) Hives d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following are signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis? a) Swelling in the face, tongue, and lips b) Bluish lips (cyanosis) c) Sneezing, coughing, wheezing d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following is a correct statement regarding moving a victim? a) A victim should not be moved until ready for transportation. b) All necessary first aid should be provided before moving the victim. c) A victim should be moved only if there is an immediate danger. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following is a sign of a skull fracture? a) Pain at the point of injury b) Clear, pink, watery fluid dripping from the nose or ear c) Deformity of the skull d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of a broken tibia? a) Visibly deformed b) Swelling c) Severe pain d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of fracture? a) Deformity b) Swelling c) Crepitus d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hyperglycemia? a) Gradual onset b) Drowsiness c) Extreme thirst d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hyperglycemia? a) Very frequent urination b) Fruity breath odor c) Extreme thirst d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which of the following should be done for muscle cramps? a) Gently stretch the muscle. b) Apply pressure to the muscle. c) Apply ice to the muscle. d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Which symptom commonly accompanies a pelvis injury? a) Severe pain b) Shock c) Massive internal blood loss d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Why would a nonsticking, sterile dressing be placed over a burn? a) To keep the burn clean b) To prevent evaporative moisture loss c) To reduce pain d) All of the above.
d) All of the above.
Care for impaled objects may include which of the following actions? a) Exposing the area b) Stabilizing the object with bulky dressings c) Controlling bleeding with direct pressure d) Both A and B.
d) Both A and B.
For removing a large number of cactus spines, which of the following items can be used? a) White woodworking glue b) Rubber cement c) Superglue d) Both A and B.
d) Both A and B.
Which type of dressing is useful for small wounds? a) Gauze pads b) Adhesive strips c) Trauma dressings d) Both A and B.
d) Both A and B.
________ occur when blood collects under the skin in the injured area. a) Bruises and hematomas b) Crush injuries and hematomas c) Bruises and crush injuries d) Bruises and contusions
d) Bruises and contusions
Uppers stimulate which system of the body? a) Digestive system b) Endocrine system c) Circulatory system d) Central nervous system
d) Central nervous system
________ is a nonfreezing cold injury that, although painful, causes little or no permanent damage. a) Frostbite b) Frostnip c) Trench foot d) Chilblain
d) Chilblain
When performing triage, which classification should be given to a victim who is unlikely to survive? a) Urgent care b) Immediate care c) Delayed care d) Dead
d) Dead
Which type of bite has the greatest likelihood of becoming infected? a) Cat b) Dog c) Snake d) Human
d) Human
When performing triage, which classification should be given to a victim who has life-threatening injuries but can be saved? a) Urgent care b) Dead c) Delayed care d) Immediate care
d) Immediate care
Which childbirth position provides protection against possible aspiration during vomiting? a) Lying on the back or lying on the left side b) Squatting or lying on the back c) Sitting up or squatting d) Lying on the left side or kneeling in the knee-chest position
d) Lying on the left side or kneeling in the knee-chest position
Signs and symptoms of flail chest include: a) blood oozing from the injury site. b) pain upon inhalation. c) an object penetrating the chest. d) abnormal movement of part of the chest wall during breathing.
d) abnormal movement of part of the chest wall during breathing.
To treat bruises, the first aider should: a) apply a hot pack. b) apply warm, moist compresses. c) place a wet cloth on the skin, then an ice pack on top of the cloth. d) apply an ice pack over the injury for 20 minutes.
d) apply an ice pack over the injury for 20 minutes.
In the mnemonic RICE, the C stands for: a) cause of injury. b) cold. c) contusion. d) compression.
d) compression.
A ________ is actually being struck by lightning. a) splash b) ground current c) contact injury d) direct strike
d) direct strike
The Perfusion Triangle includes: a) heart, lungs, liver. b) heart, lungs, brain. c) heart, kidneys, liver. d) heart, blood vessels, blood.
d) heart, blood vessels, blood.
Bites on the upper extremities are almost always the result of a(n): a) true bite. b) forced bite. c) legitimate bite. d) illegitimate bite.
d) illegitimate bite.
The best fluids are those that contain little sodium and ________ sugar. a) less than 15% b) less than 35% c) less than 50% d) less than 8%
d) less than 8%
What is CSM stand for?
Circulation, Sensation, Motion
What is anaphylaxis?
Severe allergic reaction
What is a contusion?
a region of injured tissue or skin in which blood capillaries have been ruptured; a bruise.
Frostbite occurs when temperature drops below ________. a) 32°F b) negative 15°F c) 45°F d) 0°F
a) 32°F
A hurricane is a tropical storm with wind that reaches a sustained speed of at least ____ miles per hour. a) 74 b) 55 c) 86 d) 100
a) 74
Which type of amputation is the most common? a) Crushing b) Guillotine c) Degloving d) None of the above.
a) Crushing
________ means suffocation by immersion in water or other liquid. a) Drowning b) Dry drowning c) Near drowning d) Secondary drowning
a) Drowning
An aloe vera gel or moisturizer may be applied to which type of burn? a) First-degree b) Second-degree c) Third-degree d) All of the above.
a) First-degree
Which of the following is used as a dressing? a) Gauze pads b) Cotton balls c) Roller bandages d) All of the above.
a) Gauze pads
Which of the following is the correct action to take if you experience an earthquake? a) If outdoors, find a clear spot. b) If indoors, run outside. c) Use elevators to quickly evacuate a high-rise building. d) If in a vehicle, get out immediately.
a) If outdoors, find a clear spot.
________ occurs when a victim survives an immersion incident. a) Near drowning b) Drowning c) Secondary drowning d) Dry drowning
a) Near drowning
Which type of spinal injury radiates pain to the arms? a) Neck b) Upper-back c) Lower-back d) None of the above.
a) Neck
How should animal bites, dirty wounds, and puncture wounds be cleaned? a) Using soap and water or by medical personnel b) Using hydrogen peroxide c) Using a full-strength iodine preparation d) Breathe or blow on the wound.
a) Using soap and water or by medical personnel
An important point of first aid for the heatstroke victim is: a) you should let the EMS personnel cool the victim. b) you should start cooling the victim before EMS personnel arrive. c) you should use rubbing alcohol to cool the skin. d) All of the above.
b) you should start cooling the victim before EMS personnel arrive.
What is anoxia?
brain injury resulting from lack of oxygen
The heat escape lessening position (HELP) involves the victim: a) disposing of his or her personal flotation device. b) swimming and treading water as vigorously as possible. c) floating on his or her back. d) remaining as physically quiet as possible.
d) remaining as physically quiet as possible.
If a hurricane watch is issued, you usually have ________ hours before the hurricane hits land. a) 0 to 1 b) 5 to 15 c) 24 to 36 d) 10 to 18
c) 24 to 36
Which cooling method is most effective in high-humidity weather? a) Spraying the victim with water and then fanning him or her b) Ice bags c) A cool water bath d) An ice bath
c) A cool water bath
At what temperature does skin death and injury occur? a) About 100°F b) About 125°F c) About 113°F d) About 158°F
c) About 113°F
Acquired brain injuries can be categorized as: a) anoxia. b) hypoxia. c) Both A and B. d) None of the above.
c) Both A and B.
What type of bleeding is the most common, is usually not serious, and is easily controlled? a) Arterial b) Venous c) Capillary d) None of the above.
c) Capillary
________ occurs when either the heart stops beating or the heart's lower chambers suddenly develop a rapid, irregular rhythm. a) Angina b) A stroke c) Cardiac arrest d) A heart attack
c) Cardiac arrest
What mnemonic can be used to identify signs and symptoms of a fracture? a) STOD b) TOPS c) DOTS d) POTS
c) DOTS
What is the most effective method for controlling most types of bleeding? a) Running cold water over the wound b) Pressure-point technique c) Direct pressure over the wound d) A tourniquet
c) Direct pressure over the wound
________ is produced when lightning hits the ground or a nearby object. a) Direct hit b) Splash c) Ground current d) Contact injury
c) Ground current
What is the most common type of stroke? a) Blood vessel spasm b) Hemorrhagic c) Ischemic d) An aneurysm
c) Ischemic
How much blood loss is extremely dangerous for a child? a) One fourth pint b) One half pint c) One-half quart d) One quart
c) One-half quart
The recommended treatment for muscle strains is: a) moist heat packs. b) gentle stretching and massage. c) RICE. d) dry heat packs.
c) RICE.
Which of the following is an indicator of postthaw fourth-degree frostbite? a) Blisters form minutes to hours after thawing and enlarge over several days. b) Blisters form, containing reddish-blue fluid. c) The part is numb, cold, and white to dark purple in color. d) The part is warm, swollen, and tender.
c) The part is numb, cold, and white to dark purple in color.
Skin that looks leathery, waxy, or pearly gray are characteristics of which type of burn? a) First-degree (superficial) b) Second-degree (partial-thickness) c) Third-degree (full-thickness) d) None of the above.
c) Third-degree (full-thickness)
Fractures of the humerus should be stabilized using: a) a sling. b) a self-splint. c) a rigid splint. d) All of the above.
c) a rigid splint.
Quite often, ________ bleeding will clot and stop by itself. a) arterial b) venous c) capillary d) None of the above.
c) capillary
The ________ is the small opening at the lower end of the uterus through which the baby's body passes. a) amniotic sac b) placenta c) cervix d) birth control
c) cervix
The early stage of shock is called: a) terminal. b) decompensated. c) compensated. d) None of the above.
c) compensated
The term ________ refers to a large amount of bleeding in a short time. a) hematoma b) contusion c) hemorrhage d) None of the above.
c) hemorrhage
A bad temper, poor coordination, and sudden hunger are all signs and symptoms of: a) hyperglycemia. b) stroke. c) hypoglycemia. d) seizure.
c) hypoglycemia.
Inhaling glue or other solvents produces effects similar to those of ________. a) taking uppers b) sympathomimetics c) ingesting alcohol d) None of the above.
c) ingesting alcohol
If the victim has trouble breathing after you have sealed a sucking chest wound, you should: a) check the vital signs. b) elevate the feet. c) remove the seal to let air escape, and then reapply. d) remove the seal and do not reapply.
c) remove the seal to let air escape, and then reapply.
The S in CSM stands for: a) sensitivity. b) sitting position. c) sensation. d) swelling.
c) sensation.
A miscarriage is also called a: a) induced abortion. b) natural abortion. c) spontaneous abortion. d) premature delivery.
c) spontaneous abortion.
Experiencing two or more seizures without a period of consciousness is defined as: a) myoclonic seizure. b) psychomotor seizure. c) status epilepticus. d) petit mal seizure.
c) status epilepticus.
Presence of greenish- or brownish-yellow amniotic fluid requires the first aider to: a) hold the baby upside down to promote drainage. b) follow strict infection-control procedures. c) suction the baby's mouth and nostrils thoroughly. d) wipe the baby's mouth and nostrils thoroughly.
c) suction the baby's mouth and nostrils thoroughly.
The safest way to carry an injured victim is: a) to carry the person over the rescuer's shoulder. b) to carry the person on a chair. c) to carry the person on a stretcher. d) None of the above.
c) to carry the person on a stretcher.
When treating a shock victim, the first aider should place blankets and/or coats: a) under the victim. b) over the victim. c) under and over the victim. d) None of the above.
c) under and over the victim.
The spider bite should first be cleaned with: a) rubbing alcohol. b) petroleum jelly. c) hydrogen peroxide. d) soap and water.
d) soap and water.
If you are unable to evacuate your home during a hazardous materials incident: a) go to the basement or lowest level of the home. b) open any windows on the side of the home opposite the incident. c) use plastic sheeting and tape to secure doors and windows. d) All of the above.
c) use plastic sheeting and tape to secure doors and windows.
