First Aid/CPR Final

Pediatric AED pads are usually placed in the anterior/posterior position so the pads do not touch or overlap. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

The compression fraction is the proportion of time that chest compressions are performed during cardiac arrest. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

In first aid, the acronym PPE stands for what?

Personal Protective Equipment

It is okay to touch contaminated gloves with your bare hands. a.) True b.) False

b.) False

What is the most common emergency response number?

911

Medications delivered into the nose can cause swelling of the nasal tissues blocking the delivery of the medication. a.) True b.) False

b.) False

When the AED advises you to SHOCK, what should you do next? a.) Be sure no one is touching the victim b.) Press the "charge" button c.) Immediately shock the victim d.) Resume CPR

a.) Be sure no one is touching the victim

Use abdominal thrusts to clear the airway of a responsive infant. a.) True b.) False

b.) False

You can use pediatric AED pads on an adult if there are no adults pads available. a.) True b.) False

b.) False

Describe the adverse side effects of Opioid overdose. (List at least 3)

1. central nervous depression 2. respiratory depression 3. respiratory or cardiac arrest

List 2 reasons why the thumb encircling hands technique is recommended for use on infants.

1. it produces better blood supply to the heart muscle 2. helps ensure consistent depth and force of chest compressions 3. may generate higher blood pressures

List several signs of a severe airway obstruction. (At least 4)

1. unable to speak or cry 2. poor or no air exchange 3. Clutching the throat 4. weak, ineffective cough or no cough at all 5. High-pitched noice while inhaling or no air movement at all 6. increased respiratory difficulty cyanosis

You should minimize interruption in compressions by less than ____ _______.

10 seconds

What does BLS stand for?

Basic Life Support

What does the acronym CDC stand for when referencing first aid?

Center for Disease Control

________ ____ is the immediate care that you give someone with an illness or injury before someone with more advanced training arrives and takes over.

First aid

There is a difference between someone going into cardiac arrest and someone having a heart attack. a.) True b.) False

True (A person may be having a heart attack but not be in cardiac arrest.)

You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 9 year old child when he suddenly becomes unresponsive. After you shout for help, what is the most appropriate action to take next? a.) Begin high quality CPR starting with chest compressions b.) Check for a pulse c.) Continue performing abdominal thrusts d.) Provide 5 back slaps followed by 5 chest thrusts

a.) Begin high quality CPR starting with chest compressions

If a choking victim loses consciousness, how can that help you clear the airway?

The muscles in the larynx may relax and can turn a blocked airway into a partially blocked or cleared airway.

When you approach someone who is responsive and you plan to offer first aid care, what question should you ask first? a.) "May I help you?" b.) "Are you allergic to anything?" c.) "What is wrong?" d.) "Do you take medication for anything?"

a.) "May I help you?" (If they refuse your help, hang around for a bit to see if they may want it later, or they go unconscious.) (page 4)

For 2 rescuer CPR on an infant, what is the preferred compression technique? a.) 2 thumb-encircling hands technique b.) 2 finger technique on the side c.) 1 hand method d.) 2 hand method

a.) 2 thumb-encircling hands technique

Which victim of a severe airway obstruction should receive abdominal thrusts? a.) An average-sized 27 year old man b.) A woman who is obviously pregnant c.) An obese 50 year old man d.) An average size 9 month old infant

a.) An average-sized 27 year old man

You are providing CPR by yourself when more rescuers arrive. What action should you take? a.) Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes. b.) Continue CPR while the AED is attached even if you are fatigued. c.) Wait for the most experienced rescuer to provide direction to the team. d.) Direct the team to assign a team leader and roles while you continue CPR.

a.) Assign tasks to other rescuers and rotate compressors every 2 minutes.

How long should you wash your hands? a.) At least 20 seconds b.) At least 30 seconds c.) At least 10 seconds

a.) At least 20 seconds (page 6)

If a victim of cardiac arrest has an implanted pacemaker or defibrillator, what special steps should be taken? a.) Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device b.) Avoid using the AED to prevent damage to the implanted device c.) Turn off the implanted device before applying the AED pads d.) Consider using pediatric pads to decrease the shock dose delivered

a.) Avoid placing the AED pad directly over the implanted device

A patient is unresponsive and is in need of first aid. You have made sure the scene is safe. What is the first step in the Adult Chain of Survival? a.) Call for help b.) Prevention c.) Perform CPR d.) Post Cardiac Care

a.) Call for help

Which action can rescuers perform to potentially reduce the risk of gastric inflation? a.) Delivering each breath over 1 second b.) Giving rapid, shallow breaths c.) Using a bag-mask device for delivering ventilation d.) Using the mouth-to-mask breathing technique

a.) Delivering each breath over 1 second

What is the appropriate action to demonstrate closed-loop communication when the team leader assigns you to a task? a.) Repeat back to the team leader the task you were assigned. b.) Nod your head as an acknowledgment of the assigned task c.) Start performing the assigned tasks, but do not speak, to minimize noise. d.) Wait for the team leader to address you by name before acknowledging the task.

a.) Repeat back to the team leader the task you were assigned.

Any team member should stop someone else from making a mistake, regardless of that person's role on the team. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

For infants, a manual defibrillator is preferred to an AED for defibrillation. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

If you are unable to ventilate the victim after 2 attempts, promptly return to chest compressions. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

If you cannot wash your hands right away, it is ok to use hand sanitizer? a.) True b.) False

a.) True

The shock from the AED temporarily "stuns" the heart muscle causing it to 'reset'. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

To lessen the chance of air entering the stomach, deliver only enough air to make the victim's chest rise. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

You should replace supplies you use from your first aid kit. a.) True b.) False

a.) True

When is it ok to hang up with 911 dispatcher: a.) When dispatch tells you it is okay b.) When help arrives c.) When you have reported the incident d.) When a coworker tells you it is ok

a.) When dispatch tells you it is okay

When will you provide continuous compressions without pauses for breaths? a.) When the patient has an advanced airway in place b.) When the patient has trauma to the mouth area c.) During the first 4 minutes of CPR d.) After you have provided 10 minutes of CPR

a.) When the patient has an advanced airway in place

Which of these victions will require CPR? a.) unresponsive patient with no normal breathing and no normal pulse b.) unresponsive patient who is breathing at an acceptable rate c.) responsive patient with a pulse but trouble breathing d.) responsive patient who says he is having a heart attack

a.) unresponsive patient with no normal breathing and no normal pulse

How soon should you begin chest compression after you recognize that a victim is in cardiac arrest? a.) within 10 seconds b.) within 30 seconds c.) within 1 minute d.) within 5 minutes

a.) within 10 seconds

How often should rescue breaths be given in infants and children when a pulse is present? a.) 1 breath every 2 - 3 seconds b.) 1 breath every 3 - 5 seconds c.) 1 breath every 5 - 6 seconds d.) 1 breath every 8 - 10 seconds

b.) 1 breath every 3 - 5 seconds

For a child, you should feel for a pulse for up to ______ seconds. a.) 5 b.) 10 c.) 15 d.) 30

b.) 10

What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a 7 year old child when 2 or more rescuers are present? a.) 15 compressions to 1 breath b.) 15 compressions to 2 breaths c.) 20 compressions to 2 breaths d.) 30 compressions to 2 breaths

b.) 15 compressions to 2 breaths

More than ____ million people die worldwide each year from heart disease. a.) 8 b.) 17 c.) 26 d.) 32

b.) 17

During CPR, jaw thrust and bag-mask ventilation are more efficiently performed using _____ rescuers. a.) 1 b.) 2 c.) 3 d.) 4

b.) 2

For a child with a pulse but no breathing, you should provide rescue breathing at the rate of 1 breath every ________ seconds. a.) 1 - 3 b.) 3 - 5 c.) 5 - 8 d.) 8 - 10

b.) 3 - 5

To minimize interruptions, switch rescuers in less than _____ seconds. a.) 1 b.) 5 c.) 10 d.) 15

b.) 5

What is the correct chest compression depth for an infant? a.) At least 1/4 the depth of the chest or about 1 inch b.) At least 1/3 the depth of the chest or about 1.5 inches c.) At least 1/3 the depth of the chest or about 2 inches d.) At least 1/2 the depth of the chest or about 2.5 inches

b.) At least 1/3 the depth of the chest or about 1.5 inches

When performing chest compressions on an adult, what is the recommended depth? a.) At least 1 inch (2.5 cm) b.) At least 2 inches (5 cm) c.) At least 3 inches (7.5 cm) d.) At least 4 inches (10 cm)

b.) At least 2 inches (5 cm)

Prior to rendering first aid care to someone, what should you do first? a.) Put on a mask b.) Check to be sure the scene is safe c.) Put on gloves d.) Find someone close by to help you

b.) Check to be sure the scene is safe (page 5)

All AEDs come with a switch that can change from an adult dose to a pediatric dose. a.) True b.) False

b.) False

It is important that you keep an infant's head in a tipped back position to keep the airway open. a.) True b.) False

b.) False

It is okay to discuss what happened and how you helped give first aid to anyone you work with. There is no need to worry about privacy. a.) True b.) False

b.) False

It is okay to use the AED if the victim is still wet after removing him from the water. a.) True b.) False

b.) False (Water is a good conductor of electricity and it may lead to electrocution of the rescuer. Always dry the patient's chest before using the AED.)

If you are unable to clear an infant's airway with back slaps and chest thrusts, you can attempt a finger sweep to clear the obstruction. a.) True b.) False

b.) False (We do not perform a blind finger sweep on an infant.)

A dose attenuator is a device that boosts the energy dose on an AED. a.) True b.) False

b.) False (It reduces the dose)

What is the best way to relieve choking in a conscious infant? a.) Kneel behind the infant and perform abdominal thrusts b.) Give 5 back slaps and then 5 chest thrusts c.) Slap them on the back one hard time d.) Begin CPR immediately

b.) Give 5 back slaps and then 5 chest thrusts

When performing chest compressions on an adult, where should your hands be placed? a.) On the upper part of the stomach b.) In the center of the chest c.) On the tip of the breast bone d.) On the upper half of the breast bone

b.) In the center of the chest

Which is the following is used as an antidote for Opioid overdose? a.) Lidocaine b.) Naloxone c.) Morphine d.) Naproxen

b.) Naloxone

What should you do if the victim's chest doesn't rise during rescue breathing? a.) Attempt to breathe harder b.) Repeat the head tilt - chin lift c.) Attempt a finger sweep of the mouth d.) Attempt 5 abdominal thrusts

b.) Repeat the head tilt - chin lift

How do you know when you have given adequate breaths to the victim? a.) The stomach should rise with each breath b.) The chest will rise with each breath c.) There will be no stomach movement d.) There will be no chest movement

b.) The chest will rise with each breath

If a manual defibrillator is not available for an infant, you should: a.) Perform high quality CPR b.) Use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator c.) Use an AED without a dose attenuator d.) Wait for advanced care to arrive

b.) Use an AED equipped with a pediatric dose attenuator

Which of the following arrhythmias presents when the heart muscle quiver in a fast, unsynchronized way? a.) Pulseless ventricular tachycardia b.) Ventricular fibrillation c.) Supraventricular tachycardia d.) Asystole

b.) Ventricular fibrillation

What is the recommended depth of compressions on an infant? a.) approximately 1 inch b.) approximately 1.5 inches c.) approximately 2 inches d.) approximately 3 inches

b.) approximately 1.5 inches

In which locations do most out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur? a.) Healthcare clinics b.) Homes c.) Recreational Facilities d.) Shopping ceters

b.) homes

If you suspect that an unresponsive victim has head or neck trauma, what is the preferred method for opening the airway? a.) head tilt - chin lift b.) jaw thrust c.) head tilt - neck lift d.) avoid opening the airway

b.) jaw thrust

After the AED delivers a shock and the victim still needs CPR, what should you do immediately? a.) Check for a pulse b.) restart CPR, beginning with chest compressions c.) Do not touch the victim and press the reanalyze button d.) Give 2 breaths to the victim then begin compressions

b.) restart CPR, beginning with chest compressions

The age range for a "child" is considered to be a.) birth to 12 years of age b.) 1 year of age to 12 years c.) 1 year of age to puberty d.) 1 year of age to 10 years

c.) 1 year of age to puberty

When checking for a pulse, you should check for up to ______ seconds? a.) 3 b.) 6 c.) 10 d.) 15

c.) 10

What is the ratio of chest compressions to breaths when providing CPR to an adult? a.) 10 compressions to 2 breaths b.) 15 compressions to 2 breaths c.) 30 compressions to 2 breaths d.) 30 compressions to 1 breath

c.) 30 compressions to 2 breaths

A chest compression fraction of _____% is the goal and is often achievable with good teamwork. a.) 60 b.) 70 c.) 80 d.) 90

c.) 80

What is the correct chest compression depth for a child? a.) At least 1/4 the depth of the chest or about 1 inch b.) At least 1/3 the depth of the chest of about 1.5 inches c.) At least 1/3 the depth of the chest or about 2 inches d.) At least 1/2 the depth of the chest or about 2.5 inches

c.) At least 1/3 the depth of the chest or about 2 inches

What is the recommended rate for preforming chest compressions for all age victims? a.) Under 100 per minute b.) 100 per minute c.) Between 100 and 120 per minute d.) As many as you can.

c.) Between 100 and 120 per minute

Which disease is considered a Bloodborne disease? a.) Pneumonia b.) E coli c.) Hepatitis C d.) Pulmonary embolism

c.) Hepatitis C

Which victim would need only rescue breathing? a.) Agonal gasping with no pulse b.) Breathing with a weak pulse c.) No breathing and a pulse d.) No breathing and no pulse

c.) No breathing and a pulse

During 2-rescuer CPR, one rescuer provides chest compression. What is the role of the second rescuer? a.) Count compressions out loud b.) Wait until the first rescuer gets tired before rotating compressors c.) Open the airway and give breaths d.) Monitor the victim for breaths and a pulse

c.) Open the airway and give breaths

Your roommate has overdosed on opioids and you find him unresponsive no breathing but a strong pulse. A friend is calling 911 and is looking for the naloxone autoinjector. What should you do? a.) Remain with your roommate until the naloxone arrives and administer it immediately b.) Begin CPR, starting with chest compressions c.) Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5 - 6 seconds d.) Provide rapid defibrillation with an AED

c.) Provide rescue breathing: 1 breath every 5 - 6 seconds

Which is the most common cause of cardiac arrest in children? a.) Cardiac problem b.) Congenital or acquired heart defect c.) Respiratory failure or shock d.) Infection or sepsis

c.) Respiratory failure or shock

After performing high-quality CPR for 5 minutes, the team leader frequently interrupts chest compressions to check for a pulse even though the victim has no organized rhythm when the AED analyzes the rhythm. Which action demonstrates constructive intervention? a.) Ask another rescuer what he thinks should be done b.) Say nothing that contradicts the team leader c.) Suggest to resume chest compressions without delay d.) Wait until the debriefing session afterward to discuss it

c.) Suggest to resume chest compressions without delay

The team leader asks you to perform bag-mask ventilation during a resuscitation attempt, but you have no perfected that skill. What would be an appropriate action to acknowledge your limitations? a.) Pick up the BVM and give it to another team member b.) Pretend you did not hear the request and hope the team leader chooses someone else to do it c.) Tell the team leader that you are not comfortable performing the task d.) Try to do it as best you can and hope another team member will see you struggling and take over

c.) Tell the team leader that you are not comfortable performing the task

What should you do when using an AED on an infant or child less than 8 years of age? a.) Never use adult AED pads b.) Use adult AED pads c.) Use adult AED pads if the AED does not have child pads d.) Use adult AED pads, but cut them in half

c.) Use adult AED pads if the AED does not have child pads

What is important to remember about AED pad placement on infants? a.) Ensure that the pads overlap each other in very small infants b.) Place 1 adult pad on the chest c.) You may need to place 1 pad on the chest and 1 on the back, according to the diagrams on the pads d.) If child AED pads are not available, do not use the AED

c.) You may need to place 1 pad on the chest and 1 on the back, according to the diagrams on the pads

How is a naloxone autoinjector used? a.) as a nasal spray b.) injected into the soft tissue in the stomach c.) administered as an intramuscular injection d.) sprayed under the tongue

c.) administered as an intramuscular injection

After delivering one shock to the patient, you should next: a.) deliver another shock b.) check for a pulse c.) begin chest compressions d.) deliver up to 2 more shocks

c.) begin chest compressions

For an infant, you should check for a pulse at the _______ artery. a.) carotid (neck) b.) femoral (thigh) c.) brachial (arm) d.) posterior tibial (ankle)

c.) brachial (arm)

What are the 2 life-threatening arrhythmias that cause cardiac arrest? a.) normal sinus rhythm and ventricular tachycardia b.) asytole and sinus bradycardia c.) pulseless venticular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation d.) atrial fibrillation and pulseless atrial fibrillation

c.) pulseless venticular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation

If you can see the airway obstruction in the baby's mouth, you should: a.) turn the baby over and perform back slaps b.) let the baby attempt to spit it out c.) remove it with your finger d.) perform chest thrusts

c.) remove it with your finger

A heart attack occurs when a ______ forms in a blood vessel carrying oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.

clot

List at least 3 signs of poor perfusion for a child.

cool extremities, decrease in responsiveness, weak pulses, palness, mottling skin, cyanosis.

What is the correct compression to ventilation ratio for a single rescuer of a 3 year old child? a.) 15 compressions to 1 breath b.) 15 compressions to 2 breaths c.) 20 compressions to 2 breaths d.) 30 compressions to 2 breaths

d.) 30 compressions to 2 breaths

When should you use the AED on a child in cardiac arrest? a.) After 2 cycles of chest compressions b.) After the ventilation c.) Never, the AED should not be used on children d.) As soon as it is available

d.) As soon as it is available

What is the leading cause of death in the world? a.) COPD b.) Stroke c.) Old age d.) Heart disease

d.) Heart disease

Which of the following is NOT an opioid? a.) Heroin b.) Hydrocodone c.) Morphine d.) Naloxone

d.) Naloxone

Which of the following is the first link in the Pediatric Chain of Survival? a.) Effective advanced life support b.) Rapid activation of the emergency response system c.) Early high-quality bystander CPR d.) Prevention of arrest

d.) Prevention of arrest

What is the 3rd link in the adult out-of-hospital Chain of Survival? a.) Advanced life support b.) High-quality CPR c.) Prevention d.) Rapid defibrillation

d.) Rapid defibrillation

Which is an example of a mild foreign-body airway obstruction? a.) Cyanosis b.) High-pitched noise while inhaling c.) Inability to speak or cry d.) Wheezing between coughs

d.) Wheezing between coughs

Which statement best describes sudden cardiac arrest? a.) When respiratory distress in adults occurs and the heart rate does not change b.) When the heart rate is 40 - 60/min and respirations increase c.) When blood flow to the heart is blocked and the heart rate increases d.) When an abnormal heart rhythm develops and the heart unexpectedly stops beating

d.) When an abnormal heart rhythm develops and the heart unexpectedly stops beating

For what age victim is the 2 thumb-encircling hands technique recommended when 2 or more rescuers are present? a.) a child younger than 3 years b.) a child older than 3 years c.) an infant older than 1 year d.) an infant younger than 1 year

d.) an infant younger than 1 year

When we remove or take off gloves that have blood or bodily fluids on them, we place them in a red bag also knows as a ____________________ bag. a.) sharps b.) garbage can c.) waste basket d.) biohazard

d.) biohazard

An opiate overdose can cause a.) fast heart beat b.) dilated pupils c.) anxiousness d.) respiratory arrest

d.) respiratory arrest

The American Heart Association adult chain of _______________ shows the most important actions needed to treat life-threatening emergencies in adults.

survival