Fitness and Wellness chapter 1 review

stage of change in which people are actively changing a negative behavior or adopting a new, healthy behavior:

action stage

People with an internal locus of control ____.

have an easier time adhering to a wellness program

stage of change in which people have eliminated an undesirable behavior or maintained a positive behavior for more than 5 years

termination/adoption

The greatest threat to public health in the United States today is physical inactivity. (T/F)

False

When people believe they have control over events in their lives, they are said to have an external locus of control. (T/F)

False

The part of the brain where habits are formed is activated by pleasurable, rewarding events. What does it do after it memorizes these events?

It helps the individual to seek opportunities to experience those events in the future.

What is the function of the executive part of the brain?

It reminds us of who we are and of the long-term goals we've created.

Jose has been exercising regularly and eating a balanced diet for over ten years. At what stage is he in the transtheoretical model of change?

Maintenance

Rhea tracks her daily food consumption and identifies the sources of excessive calories from fat in her diet. In what type of behavior modification activity is she engaged?

Monitoring

Which of the following is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States?

Tobacco use (or physical inactivity)

Almost 80 percent of deaths from cardiovascular disease and cancer could be prevented by lifestyle changes. (T/F)

True

During the contemplation stage, people acknowledge they have a problem and begin to think seriously about overcoming it. (T/F)

True

Moderate physical activity is defined as any activity that requires an energy expenditure of 1,000 calories per week.

True

The part of the brain where habits are formed is activated by events that are rewarding, exciting, unexpected, and intense as well as by cues from the environment associated with those events. (T/F)

True

Vigorous activity of longer duration is most clearly associated with better health and longer life.

True

According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, what is the recommended amount of physical activity an adult between the ages of 18 and 64 should engage in per week?

150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic physical activity

Adults should do muscle-strengthening activities that involve all major muscle groups ____ days a week.

2

What is the current life expectancy in the United States?

78.9 (or 79.8)

What is the ability of the heart, lungs, and blood vessels to supply oxygen to the cells to meet the demands of prolonged physical activity?

Cardiorespiratory endurance

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

Cardiovascular disease

What is the process whereby a person substitutes healthy behaviors for a problem behavior?

Countering

Which of the following is a risk factor for early death?

Eating mainly fatty and processed foods

Goals set by a coach or mentor are more motivational than goals you set for yourself

False

Restructuring one's physical surroundings to avoid problem behaviors and decrease temptations is called countering. (T/F)

False

Skill-related fitness has four components: cardiorespiratory endurance, muscular fitness, muscular flexibility, and body composition. (T/F)

False

stage of change in which people are unwilling to change their behavior

Precontemplation stage

Which term refers to the epidemic of physical inactivity in the United States?

Sedentary Death Syndrome

Which of the following is NOT one of the five stages of transtheoretical model for changing behavior?

Success

What is mindfulness?

The act of being aware of thoughts and choices

What governs people's behavior so that they look to conduct themselves in a particular manner that aligns with their beliefs and what is important to them?

Values

immediate associations and feelings, either positive or negative, that influence choices:

affect

What is the ability to change body position and direction quickly and effeciently

agility

How much physical activity should children and adolescents should do every day?

at least 1 hour

What is the name for the process used to permanently change negative behaviors in favor of positive behaviors that will lead to better health and well-being?

behavior modification

What is the leading cause of death in the United States?

cardiovascular disease

Which process of change involves obtaining information about a problem behavior so you can make better decisions about what to do?

consciousness-raising

stage of change in which people are considering changing behavior in the next 6 months:

contemplation stage

the extent to which a person believes he or she can influence the external environment:

locus of control

stage of change in which people maintain behavioral change for up to 5 years:

maintenance stage

Energy expended doing everyday activities other than exercise is referred to as ____.

non exercise activity thermogenesis

Energy expended doing everyday activities other than exercise is referred to as ____.

nonexercise activity thermogenesis

A recent report by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) found that the United States outspends every other country in health-care costs but has the highest rates of ____ among all 34 OECD countries.

obesity

The Harvard alumni study showed a consistent inverse relationship between

physical fitness and mortality

Exercise is a type of physical activity that requires ____

planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness

Exercise is a type of physical activity that requires ____.

planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness

John does not believe he will get lung cancer from smoking cigarettes; therefore, he does not intend to quit smoking. John is in the ____ stage of the transtheoretical model of change.

precontemplation

stage of change in which people are getting ready to make a change within the coming month:

preparation stage

If your goal is unreachable, despite your full commitment and best effort, you should ____.

reassess the goal

characteristics that predict the chances for developing a certain disease:

risk factors

Goals that are ____ set you up for failure, discouragement, and loss of interest.

unattainable

What governs people's behavior so that they look to conduct themselves in a particular manner that aligns with their beliefs and what is important to them?

values

the constant and deliberate effort to stay healthy and achieve the highest potential for well-being:

wellness