FLM 101

Storyboard

a series of drawings that lays out the film sequentially

Acting begins with ______ and includes acting style, deployment of actors' bodies on screen, how they're dressed, how they're made up, what props they use and how they use them

casting

CGI

computer generated imagery

Editing can suggest more about abstract ideas that transcend the literal scope of a film's narrative in 2 ways:

1. by departing from the conventional rules of continuity editing 2. by employing associational editing

3 important variables for shots:

1. camera height 2. angle on the action 3. distance from the action

4 elements of cinematography

1. camerawork 2. lenses and filters 3. filmstock 4. special effects

3 film styles:

1. classical-invested in clear storytelling 2. realist-interested in exploring characters and capturing life 3. formalist-overt intervention that calls attention to the process of representation

All editing, even that used in completely abstract films consists of 3 attributes which are:

1. collage 2. tempo 3. timing

exposure

amount of light striking light sensitive emulsion layer

The __________ consists of the world of the story

diegesis

offscreen space: within the ________

diegesis (the world created in and by the film)

Non-___________ elements allow the filmmaker to communicate with the audience directly, rather than through characters or other aspects of the fictional world

diegetic

_______ provides a context for interpreting where and when action occurs; it also helps to establish mood and conveys ideas about themes

Setting

Ideologies operate on a(n) _________ level; they are formed and influenced by family and cultural background. personal experiences, education, and popular culture (music, movies, magazines, television and internet)

emotional

In a MLS (medium long shot) the figure is captured from ______ up

knees

Canted or Dutch angle is an angle that _______ __ _____ _____ and signifies a moment of imbalance or loss of control

leans to one side

Films produce _________ by making reference to history, to real-world locations, objects, or people, to other art forms, and to other films

meaning

Narrative films tend to privilege the _______ of one or two main characters. As they unfold, they may shift between or among characters.

perspective

______-__-______ shots may or may not align viewers with characters. They may encourage viewers to understand and sympathize with characters, as do character voice-overs and direct addresses (both diegetic elements)

point-of-view

Compositing

refers to creation of single image by combining elements filmed separately

A __________ _____ is accomplished by moving the camera, on a dolly, along a specially built track

tracking shot

Musical

-choreographed -2 plotlines: romantic and professional -song & dance fused with story

Composition: Lines

-diagonal: attract eye first -vertical -horizontal: least noticeable to eye

Soft Light

-produced by a large light source placed further away from subject -more flattering

Hard light

-produced by a small light source placed close to subject -creates strong shadows and emphasizes flaws

Framing:

-loose: open space around characters (freedom/isolation) -tight: little space around characters (confinement/intimacy) -placement: in foreground or background conveys an object or character's significance

Composition: Unbalanced

-makes the eye move through differences in emphasis of any element -may signify instability

Western

-male hero -outlaws -Native Americans -settlers for control of land -six-shooters -horses -whiskey glasses -deserts

Composition: Balance and symmetry

-may signify stability and order

Sci Fi

-most difficult to define -space travel -futuristic societies -settings where technology plays dominant role -conflict is resolved when protagonists learn to balance the scientific approach with a humanistic one -can be divided into 4 sub genres: 1. exploration films 2. invader films 3. criticism of unbridled scientific theory 4. dystopias

Available/Natural Light

-quality varies depending on time of day, weather, quality of sunlight, location relative to sun -Southern California=golden quality of natural light

Color:

-saturation: strength of a hue (red, blue, green, yellow)

Action

-visceral thrill -excitement produced by meyhem -heroic triumphs -exploitative combat *emphasis on masculine heroics and over-the-top violence

4 elements of Mise-en-Scene

1. Setting 2. Composition 3. Lighting 4. The human body

Where action can occur

1. Specific places 2. Generic locations 3. Real places 4. Imagined places

The three types of written statements that provide information about a film's meaning:

1. descriptive-neutral account of the basic characteristics of the films (most involve plot events) 2. evaluative-presents judgement (expresses the author's belief that the film is good, bad or mediocre 3. interpretive-presents an argument about a film's meaning and significance (address a film's themes and abstract ideas)

Setting can provide __________, __________, and __________

1. emotional tone (bright, grim, exciting, depressing) 2. cultural significance 3. contrast (between different settings in one film)

Film stock is composed of these 2 parts:

1. emulsion- light sensitive chemical layer in which the image is formed 2. base- flexible support material for the emulsion

How setting evokes responses and creates meaning

1. interior or exterior space 2. degree of crowdedness or emptiness 3. spaciousness or confinement

Where action can be filmed

1. on a set at a studio soundstage ( where forced perspective can manipulate the sense of space and depth) 2. on location (not necessarily the story's setting) 3. computer generated imagery

Editing shapes the way time is presented onscreen in 4 ways:

1. suggesting continuously flowing action 2. manipulating length of time 3. suggesting the simultaneity of events 4. arranging the order of events

Image Contrast includes: 1. high key lighting 2. natural key lighting 3. low key lighting

1. the fill light is almost as bright as the key light (2:1) producing a bright, shadowless effect so that facial features are not so clear 2. key light is significantly more intense than the fill light so it cannot eliminate shadows 3. the key light is much more intense than fill light so shadows and contrast between light and dark shape the scene visually

Three Point Lighting includes: 1. Key light 2. Fill Light 3. Back Light

1. the main, frontal lighting source aimed at the subject 2. illuminates a subject from the side opposite of that of the key light. removes shadows and provides levels of contrast 3. aimed at subject from behind and above. it separates the subject from the background and can produce a figure in silhouette depending on how other lights are

Editing can draw the audience's attention to important details of the narrative space by employing three devices:

1. the shot/reverse shot 2. the eyeline match 3. the cutaway

_______________ techniques work with a film's mode of organization, its mise-en-scene and editing, and with its sound to produce meaning in an integrated way

Cinematography

What refers to a group of films that share a set of narrative, stylistic, and thematic characteristics or conventions?

Genre

__-___________ is a technique that builds movement into single frames (creates a sense of blur)

Go-motion

Films that fuse conventions of 2 or more genres into one are called ______

Hybrid

________ and writing go hand in hand, and both are activities that engage scholars and film enthusiasts

Interpretation

What does the overhead shot or bird's eye shot do?

It gives a unique perspective on the action from above

______ (any significant repeated element) and parallels (which ask viewers to compare and contrast two distinct characters, situations, or locations) are particularly important instances of repetition that, among other things, signal turning points and overrall structure

Motifs

_________ a film means allowing it a longer time in development

Pushing

______ is a measure of a film stock's sensitivity to light

Speed

_____________ minimizes shakiness

Steadicam

Because genres change and evolve, often in response to wider cultural concerns, ______ are identified, which are smaller clusters of films in which additional conventions come into play

Subgenres

The group of individuals whose careers and lives were interrupted or ruined became known as what?

The Hollywood Blacklist

operation, placement, and movement of the camera is known as the _______________

camerawork

______ refers to a technique of tipping the camera vertically while it remains secured to a tripod

Tilt

Process of recording a very small number of images over a long period of time

Time-lapse photography

Some films _______ and others discard conventions of narrative form, such as unity, clarity, sympathetic, action-oriented characters, closure, and unobtrusive craftsmanship

adopt

Aerial shots are taken from _________/__________ and allow filmmakers to compose shots from great distances

airplanes/helicopters

White Supremacy

belief that white people are superior & should dominate society

XCU (extreme close-up) will depict only one ______ _____

body part (such as an eye, ear, or finger)

Frozen time moment is also called ______-_______ moment, and it is a shot where a single action is viewed simultaneously from multiple vantage points around the action

bullet-time

Films are generally not shot in __________ _______

chronological order

CU (close-up) =

closes in on one part of body (such as face, torso, legs, or hands)

Many films follow the standards of ____________ editing, which is a method for clearly presenting space and time

continuity

A ____ dolly has wheels that rotate, so it can change direction

crab

Frontal Light

creates a flat, washed out effect and shadows behind the subject

Most important visual characteristic is ______ __ ______ which describes space in front of and behind the primary subject where objects remain in crisp focus

depth of field

Deep space: when important objects are widely separated in the frame--conveys ______---physical and other kinds, separation and what separates, including obstacles. Operates metaphorically and when repeated, becomes a ______

distance; motif

Rolling platforms are aka

dollies

Long takes build __________ __________, emphasize the continuity of time and space, and allow directors to focus on the movement of actors in the space of the mise-en-scene

dramatic tension

fish eye lense does what?

dramatically distorts images so that most straight lines appear curved

Eye lights: directed into an actor's _____ to give them a _____

eyes; glow

To produce slow motion, the camera records images at a speed ________ than that at which it is projected

faster

Shallow space: little to no sense of depth, making the image seem _____. It can be used to emphasize ________ and immediacy, and focuses attention on those elements that are in that shallow plane.

flat; proximity

Both __________ and ____________ demand an appreciation of how films systematically use narrative, visual and sound details to evoke characters, themes, and abstract ideas

formal academic analysis and popular film reviews

MCU (Medium close-up) =

from chest up

Viewer expectations about film organization, stars, directors and ______ influence their experience of films

genre

Ideologies of sexuality include

heterosexuals, homosexuals, bisexuals, etc

Pan

horizontal turning motion of a camera fixed to a tripod (normally used to show an expanse of landscape)

Uninterrupted shots of more than one minute are called ______ takes

long

__________ ______ and ________ _______ tend to produce a greater sense of intimacy by allowing viewers to focus on actors' faces and characters emotions, whereas ______ _______ tend to emphasize environment and space that surrounds the characters

medium shots; close-ups; long shots

Disability ideologies

mental illness, dyslexia,

Filmmakers anticipate expectations and may satisfy some expectations and offer ______ approaches to others

novel

Swish Pan

occurs when a pan is executed so quickly that it produces a blurred image, indicating rapid activity or sometimes, the passage of time

Takes not included in the film are called ___-________

out-takes

The process of shifting the camera's height, angle, or distance merely to account for changes in character position is called ____________

reframing

Paying careful attention to _________ details helps to uncover important aspects of character, story, and structure

repeated

When a film radically modifies a genre's conventions, critics refer to it as __________

revisionist

Editing several shots together produces a _______

scene

[Light] From the Side

seems to sculpt with shadow and light, emphasizing volume, texture and shape

Back Lighting

separates the subject from the background (silhouette)

An important narrative convention in any genre is _______ set of _____ ________

set; plot events

Ideologies are based on underlying assumptions about the way things ______ __

should be (norms)

Integrated Musicals

show characters who do not need an audience to make music (spontaneously break out into song)

Shot (basic unit of expression)

single uninterrupted series of frames

Gauge refers to the ____ of the film

size

To produce fast motion, images are recorded at a _________ speed than the speed of projection

slower

In an XLS (extreme long shot) the human subject is very _____ in relation to the surrounding environment

small

Patriarchies

societies whose laws and customs prohibit women from participating as full citizens (men have authority over everyone)

Film ______ emerges from the interaction of a film's formal mode of organization, its subject matter, and its visual and sound elements.

style

Grain refers to :

suspended particles of silver or color sensitive grains in emulsion layer

Most narrative films use restricted narration, providing objective and subjective information to viewers. When viewers know more than characters about an event, that knowledge affects response to the character, and may generate _______

suspense

Ideology

system of beliefs, values or opinions

The distinction between syuzhet and the fabula is critical for understanding the significance of the order and selection of events. The _________ contains all represented events whereas _________ consists of a complete and chronological accounting of all represented and implied events

syuzhet; fabula

Mise-en-Scene

the design within the framed image onscreen, in which several elements are integrated and interact

Many narrative films conform to a ____-act or four-part structure. Alternatives to this model include two-part structures, frame/embedded tale, and episodic narratives

three

In narrative films, editing helps shape the way audiences perceive _______ and _______

time; space

Light and Dark: Chiaroscuro

uses contrasting areas of light and dark to create effects

Films from the same genre tend to exhibit the same ______ and _______ techniques

visual; sound

A MS (medium shot) captures a character from their ______ up

waist