Fluid and Electrolyte PrepU NUR 1275

A client diagnosed with hypernatremia needs fluid volume replacement. What intravenous solution would be the safest for the nurse to administer? A. 0.45% sodium chloride B. 0.9% sodium chloride C. 5% dextrose in water D. 5% dextrose in normal saline solution

A. 0.45% sodium chloride

The nurse should assess the patient for signs of lethargy, increasing intracranial pressure, and seizures when the serum sodium reaches what level? A. 115 mEq/L B. 130 mEq/L C. 145 mEq/L D. 160 mEq/L

A. 115 mEq/L

What foods can the nurse recommend for the patient with hyperkalemia? A. Apples and berries B. Green, leafy vegetables C. Milk and yogurt D. Melons

A. Apples and berries

In which of the following medical conditions would administering IV normal saline solution be inappropriate? Select all that apply. A. Heart failure B. Pulmonary edema C. Renal impairment D. Burns E. Severe hemorrhage

A. Heart failure B. Pulmonary edema C. Renal impairment

When caring for a client who has risk factors for fluid and electrolyte imbalances, which assessment finding is the highest priority for the nurse to follow up? A. Irregular heart rate B. Weight loss of 4 lb C. Mild Confusion D. Blood pressure 96/53 mm Hg

A. Irregular heart rate

The nurse notes that a client has lost 5 lbs. (2.27 kg) of body weight over 5 days. Which additional assessment findings indicate to the nurse that the client is experiencing hypovolemia? Select all that apply. A. Lung crackles B. Flat neck veins C. Bounding pulse D. Muscle cramps E. Concentrated urine

B. Flat neck veins D. Muscle cramps E. Concentrated urine

A patient has been involved in a traumatic accident and is hemorrhaging from multiple sites. The nurse expects that the compensatory mechanisms associated with hypovolemia would cause what clinical manifestations? (Select all that apply.) A. Hypertension B. Oliguria C. Tachycardia D. Bradycardia E. Tachypnea

B. Oliguria C. Tachycardia E. Tachypnea

A client with an intravenous infusion is rubbing his arm. The nurse assesses the site and decides to discontinue the current infusion because of concern that the client has developed phlebitis. Which of the following clinical manifestations would the nurse assess with phlebitis? Select all that apply. A. Cool area around the insertion site B. Reddened area along the path of the vein C. Tender area around the insertion site D. Ecchymosis at the insertion site E. Rapid, shallow respirations

B. Reddened area along the path of the vein C. Tender area around the insertion site

The nurse is caring for a client being treated with isotonic IV fluid for hypernatremia. What complication of hypernatremia should the nurse continuously monitor for? A. Red blood cell crenation B. Red blood cell hydrolysis C. Cerebral edema D. Renal failure

C. Cerebral edema

A nurse reviews the results of an electrocardiogram (ECG) for a patient who is being assessed for hypokalemia. Which of the following would the nurse notice as the most significant diagnostic indicator? A. Widened QRS wave B. Flat P wave C. Elevated U wave D. Peaked T wave

C. Elevated U wave

A nurse is caring for a client in acute renal failure. The nurse should expect hypertonic glucose, insulin infusions, and sodium bicarbonate to be used to treat: A. Hypernatremia B. Hypokalemia C. Hyperkalemia D. Hypercalcemia

C. Hyperkalemia

What percentage of potassium excreted daily leaves the body by way of the kidneys? A. 20 B. 40 C. 60 D. 80

D. 80

A client with nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramps and distention is admitted to the health care facility. Which test result is most significant? A. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of 29 mg/dl B. Serum sodium level of 132 mEq/L C. Urine specific gravity of 1.025 D. Serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L

D. Serum potassium level of 3 mEq/L

What does the nurse recognize as one of the best indicators of the patient's renal function? A. Blood urea nitrogen B. Serum creatinine C. Specific gravity D. Urine osmolality

B. Serum creatinine

The nurse has been assigned to care for various clients. Which client is at the highest risk for a fluid and electrolyte imbalance? A. An 82-year-old client who receives all nutrition via tube feedings and whose medications include carvedilol and torsemide. B. A 45-year-old client who had a laparoscopic appendectomy 24 hours ago and is being advanced to a regular diet. C. A 79-year-old client admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. D. A 66-year-old client who had an open cholecystectomy with a T-tube placed that is draining 125 mL of bile per shift.

A. An 82-year-old client who receives all nutrition via tube feedings and whose medications include carvedilol and torsemide.

The nurse is caring for a client admitted to the medical unit 72 hours ago with pyloric stenosis. A nasogastric tube was placed upon admission, and since that time the client has been on low intermittent suction. Upon review of the morning's blood work, the nurse notices that the client's potassium is below reference range. The nurse should assess for signs and symptoms of what imbalance? A. Hypercalcemia B. Metabolic Acidosis C. Metabolic Alkalosis D. Respiratory Acidosis

C. Metabolic Alkalosis