Fluid and Electrolytes

The nurse is caring for a client with an acid-base imbalance. Which of these does the nurse recognize is correct regarding compensation?

A pH moves toward the normal range.

Which client will have more adipose tissue and less fluid?

A woman

A client with a diagnosis of colon cancer has opted for a treatment plan that will include several rounds of chemotherapy. What vascular access device is most likely to meet this client's needs?

An implanted central venous access device (CVAD)

A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse, "I get thirsty very often. What might help?" What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client?

Avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids.

When explaining how carbon dioxide combines with water to form carbonic acid as part of an acid-base lecture, the faculty instructor emphasizes that which enzyme is needed as a catalyst for this reaction?

Carbonic anhydrase

The nurse recognizes which condition as an integumentary manifestation of chronic renal failure?

Gray-bronze skin color

The nurse is aware that the major role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance is to increase the production of which chemical component?

HCO3-

Lymph fluid arises directly from which space?

Interstitial

A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing which type of acid-base imbalance?

Metabolic alkalosis

The nurse is administering a unit of packed red blood cells to a client and piggybacks the unit of blood through a solution of 0.9% NaCl. Blood cells placed in a solution of 0.9% saline will do which of the following?

Neither shrink nor swell

Water movement from the side of the membrane having a lesser number of particles and greater concentration of water to the side having a greater number of particles and lesser concentration of water is termed:

Osmosis

What is a hallmark of the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client who had a left mastectomy 3 months ago and demonstrates significant swelling of the extremity. What assessment data indicates that the client has lymphedema and not another form of edema?

The skin of the arm has a honeycomb appearance.

Following a unilateral adrenalectomy, a nurse should assess for hyperkalemia as indicated by:

muscle weakness

The nurse is caring for a client with metabolic alkalosis whose breathing rate is 8 breaths per minute. Which arterial blood gas data does the nurse anticipate finding?

pH: 7.60; PaCO2: 64; HCO3: 42

A decrease in arterial blood pressure will result in the release of

renin.

A client has a physician's order for NPO (nothing by mouth) following abdominal surgery to repair a bowel obstruction. The client has a nasogastric tube inserted to low intermittent suction. The client requires intravenous therapy for what purpose?

replace fluid and electrolytes

An intravenous hypertonic solution containing dextrose, proteins, vitamins, and minerals is known as:

total parenteral nutrition.

A client is admitted for treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF). The nurse knows that this disorder increases the client's risk of:

water and sodium retention secondary to a severe decrease in the glomerular filtration rate.

Which solution is hypotonic?

0.45% NaCl

Which is considered an isotonic solution?

0.9% normal saline

A woman aged 58 years is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires:

replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea.

The nurse is caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3,2 mmol/L). For what complications should the nurse be aware, related to the potassium level?

Cardiac dysrhythmias

Potassium is needed for neural, muscle, and:

cardiac function.

A client's most recent blood work indicates a K+ level of 7.2 mEq/L (7.2 mmol/L), a finding that constitutes hyperkalemia. For what signs and symptoms should the nurse vigilantly monitor?

cardiac irregularities