Fluids and Electrolytes; Metabolism - Nutrition; Glucose
Cholecystecomy 24 hours ago, t Tube 150 ML RN needs to?
*check for kinks* Bile drainage for the first 24 hours usually is 300 to 400 mL; kinks in the tubing hinder the flow of bile. Drainage of 150 mL is less than expected in the first 24 hours.
DM post Surgery
A 12-year-old child with type 2 diabetes is scheduled for abdominal surgery. Which factors are most important for the nurse to consider during the postoperative period? Select all that apply. 1 Infection will likely occur at the surgical site. 2 Ketoacidosis frequently occurs later in the postoperative period. 3 The blood glucose level will increase because of the stress of surgery. 4 Urine test results are the most useful gauge of diabetic control after surgery. 5 Diabetic control is usually maintained with insulin after surgery. The stress of surgery causes the release of epinephrine and glucocorticoids, which increase the blood glucose level. Most individuals with type 2 diabetes who control their diabetes through diet and exercise require insulin during the recovery period. Although the child with diabetes is at risk for infection, surgical aseptic technique should prevent infection. Ketoacidosis is associated with type 1, not type 2, diabetes. Urine test results are affected by many variables and therefore are not reliable indicators of the blood glucose level.
Blood Transfussion
A transfusion of packed red blood cells is prescribed for a client with anemia. List the following actions in the order in which they should be performed by the nurse. Correct 1. Ensure that the client signed a consent for the transfusion. Incorrect 2. Compare the number on the blood product and laboratory record. Incorrect 3. Don a pair of clean gloves. Incorrect 4. Run the transfusion slowly. Incorrect 5. Determine the client's vital signs. A client must sign a consent for the transfusion before the procedure; clients have the right to refuse. Vital signs should be obtained immediately before the transfusion to serve as a baseline for comparison if a reaction is suspected. Two nurses must verify that the numbers, ABO type, and Rh type on the blood label and laboratory record match before hanging the transfusion to minimize risk of transfusion reactions. Clean gloves must be worn before inserting the spike of the blood administration set. The transfusion is run slowly for the first 15 to 20 minutes, but only after other steps have been completed.
Iron needs for adolescent
Adolescents need 18 mg, not 8 mg, of iron per day. Excellent sources of iron that can be absorbed by the body include meat, poultry, and fish.
schizophrenia refuses to eat meals.
Having a staff member sit with the client in a quiet area during mealtimes allows the nurse to evaluate how much the client is eating; this encourages the client to eat and begins the construction of a trusting relationship. Fewer distractions may help the client focus on eating.
Electrolytes Na
Na : A normal sodium level is between 135 and 145 mEq/L of sodium. Hyponatremia occurs when the sodium level falls below 135 mEq/L. Decreased specific gravity may be caused from aldosteronism, excessive fluid intake, diabetes insipidus central, diabetes insipidus nephrogenic, kidney failure, renal tubular necrosis, or severe kidney infection (pyelonephritis). Symptoms are nonspecific and can include mental changes, headache, nausea and vomiting, tiredness, muscle spasms, and seizures. Increased urine output, deep rapid respirations, and distended neck veins are not associated with hyponatremia.
