(FON) Unit 9, Chapter 18/23 Study Guide

The nurse is checking the laboratory data of a woman who is at risk for osteoporosis. Which electrolyte value is most relevant to this condition? 1. Sodium level of 145 mEq/L 2. Calcium level of 3.0 mEq/dL 3. Potassium 3.5 mEq/dL 4. Phosphorus of 3.4 mEq/dL

2. Calcium level of 3.0 mEq/dL

The nurse demonstrates knowledge by choosing which needle gauge when starting a rapid transfusion of whole blood? 1. 14-to 16-gauge 2. 18-to 22-gauge 3. 22-to 24-gauge 4. 26-to 28-gauge

1. 14-to 16-gauge

How many milliliters of urine per hour must the kidneys secrete to eliminate waste products from the body? 1. 30 2. 60 3. 20 4. 100

1. 30

The nurse is assessing an older adult and observes dry mucous membranes, increased heart rate, decreased blood pressure and poor skin turgor. The patient seems mildly confused and continuously asks for water. What would the nurse do first? 1. Assess the patient for additional signs of dehydration 2. Offer the patient a glass of water and reas sess in several hours 3. Count the respirations and assess for additional signs of respiratory acidosis 4. Call the provider and report the assessment findings.

1. Assess the patient for additional signs of dehydration

The nurse receives notification from the laboratory that a patient's potassium level is 6 mEg/L. The nurse has paged the provider and is awaiting a call back. What should the nurse do first? 1. Attach the patient to a cardiac monitor. 2. Encourage foods and fluids that contain potassium. 3. Ensure that intravenous calcium gluconate is available. 4. Check medications that could affect potassium levels.

1. Attach the patient to a cardiac monitor.

The nurse is caring for a patient who requires additional potassium in their diet. What foods would the nurse recommend for the patient? 1. Baked chicken, green salad, and fresh fruit plate 2. Macaroni and cheese, cornbread, and gelatin 3. Tacos, chips and salsa, and ice cream 4. Seafood plate, marinated vegetables, cake

1. Baked chicken, green salad, and fresh fruit plate

The nurse offers to take an older neighbor to the grocery store. As they are shopping, the neighbor tells the nurse that, "My doctor told me to watch my salt intake." Which items in the shopping cart would the nurse suggest they put back on the shelf? Select all that apply. 1. Cheddar cheese 2. Ketchup 3. Oranges 4. Pretzels 5. Frozen TV dinner

1. Cheddar cheese 2. Ketchup 4. Pretzels 5. Frozen TV dinner

A patient's IV has infiltrated. When selecting a site for a new IV line, the nurse should perform which action? 1. Choose an area proximal to the current site. 2. Look for hard, cordlike veins. 3. Use sites distal from the current site. 4. Select the patient's dominant arm.

1. Choose an area proximal to the current site.

Which nursing intervention is the most important in preventing the introduction of microorganisms to the patient when an IV infusion is initiated? 1. Hand hygiene 2. Checking the identification of the patient 3. Ensuring the six rights of medication administration 4. Carefully checking the order for the correct IV solution

1. Hand hygiene

The body is divided into fluid compartments. Which compartment is the largest and contains fluid inside the cells within the body? 1. Intracellular 2. Extracellular 3. Interstitial 4. Intravascular

1. Intracellular

What is the largest fluid compartment in the body? 1. Intracellular 2. Extracellular 3. Interstitial 4. Intravascular

1. Intracellular

What purposes do the electrolytes serve in the body? Select all that apply. 1. Maintenance of normal body metabolism 2. Regulation of water balance in the body 3. Regulation of water and electrolyte contents within cells 4. Formation of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice 5. Transportation of nutrients to cells and waste products from cells

1. Maintenance of normal body metabolism 2. Regulation of water balance in the body 3. Regulation of water and electrolyte contents within cells 4. Formation of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice

A child has gotten into the medicine cabinet in the home and ingested the remaining contents of an aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) bottle. What is the life-threatening condition that can occur as a result of excessive aspirin ingestion? 1. Metabolic acidosis 2. Metabolic alkalosis 3. Respiratory acidosis 4. Respiratory alkalosis

1. Metabolic acidosis

What is the best food source for calcium? 1. Milk. 2. Meat. 3. Whole grains. 4. Green leafy vegetables.

1. Milk.

The nurse is caring for a patient with severe hyperkalemia. What actions should be included in the plan of care for the shift? (Select all that apply.) 1. Monitor serum potassium levels. 2. Administer Kayexalate as prescribed by the health care provider. 3. Report a urinary output less than 30 mL/h. 4. Monitor pulse rate every 24 hours 5. Restrict fluid intake

1. Monitor serum potassium levels. 2. Administer Kayexalate as prescribed by the health care provider. 3. Report a urinary output less than 30 mL/h

The nurse notes that a resident who lives in a long-term care center has poor fluid intake and spends most of the day dozing in a chair. Based on this observation, which subjective report is the resident most likely to report? 1. Shortness of breath 2. Constipation 3. Nausea 4. Headache

2. Constipation

The patient's potassium level is 5.2. When the nurse discusses dietary selections, the patient should be instructed to limit intake of what food items? (Select all that apply.) 1. Orange juice 2. Bananas 3. Apples 4. Tomatoes 5. Red meat

1. Orange juice 2. Bananas 4. Tomatoes 5. Red Meat

Passive transport includes what physiologic processes? (Select all that apply.) 1. Osmosis 2. Diffusion 3. Filtration 4. Sodium-potassium pump 5. Compensatory metabolic acidosis

1. Osmosis 2. Diffusion 3. Filtration

The nurse hears in report that the patient has been receiving aluminum hydroxide to correct an electrolyte imbalance. Which electrolyte valye indicates that the therapy is working? 1. Phosphorus level of 4.1 mEq/di 2. Magnesium level of 1.5 mEq/ dL 3. Bicarbonate level of 22 mEq/ dL 4. Calcium level of 4.5 mEq/ dL

1. Phosphorus level of 4.1 mEq/di

The nurse reviews the client's serum calcium level and notes that the level is 8.0 mg/dL. The nurse understands that which condition would cause this serum calcium level? 1. Prolonged bed rest 2. Adrenal insufficiency 3. Hyperparathyroidism 4. Excessive ingestion of vitamin D

1. Prolonged bed rest

The nurse is assisting to prepare a nursing care plan for a patient with continuous IV infusions. What is the goal of IV therapy? 1. Promote and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. 2. Promote drug blood levels when the patient is able to take liquid medication by mouth. 3. Promote oxygen and carbon dioxide homeostasis. 4. Balance plasma acidity level

1. Promote and maintain fluid and electrolyte balance.

A head injury patient has been admitted to ICU with dyspnea, tachycardia, tremors, lethargy, and disorientation. The results of an arterial blood gas showed pH = 7.28, PaCO2 = 60 mm Hg, HCO3 = 22 mEq/L. What condition is suspected? 1. Respiratory acidosis 2. Respiratory alkalosis 3. Metabolic acidosis 4. Metabolic alkalosis

1. Respiratory acidosis

Following thyroid surgery, the patient reports nausea and a tingling sensation around nose, mouth, ears, fingers, and toes. The nurse observes muscle spasms in the patient's feet and hands. What is the most important sign/ symptom for the nurse to observe for and report? 1. Respiratory distress 2. Altered mental status progressing to seizure 3. Polyuria and excessive thirst 4. Positive Chvostek's sign

1. Respiratory distress

An elderly patient has recently been experiencing excessive edema in their feet. The nurse discusses with the patient the dietary changes that may be causing the water retention in association with the patient's edema. Which electrolyte has the greatest influence on water balance in the body? 1. Sodium (Na+) 2. Potassium (K+) 3. Chloride (Cl−) 4. Calcium (Ca2+)

1. Sodium (Na+)

The body has systems that work to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal. What body systems work to keep the pH in the narrow range of normal? (Select all that apply.) 1. The blood buffers 2. The GI tract 3. The respiratory system 4. The kidneys 5. The nervous system

1. The blood buffers 3. The respiratory system 4. The kidneys

It has been 15 minutes since a blood infusion was initiated. What is most indicative that the patient is experiencing a blood transfusion reaction? 1. The patient's blood pressure decreases. 2. The patient feels an urgent need to void. 3. The patient's skin is pale at the infusion site. 4. Localized edema is noticed at the infusion site.

1. The patient's blood pressure decreases.

The patient used excessive antacids, which resulted in a serum sodium level of 150 mEg/L. Why would the provider instruct the nurse to give an IV hypotonic solution? 1. To correct intracellular dehydration 2. To correct intravascular volume 3. To increase the sodium level 4. To pull fluid from the cells

1. To correct intracellular dehydration

The nurse sees that the patient is scheduled to have a potassium supplement. In addition to the last potassium level, what would the nurse assess before administering the potassium? 1. Urinary output 2. Blood pressure 3. Respiratory rate 4. Hematocrit level

1. Urinary output

Potential causes of hypocalcemia may include which conditions? (Select all that apply.) 1. Vitamin D deficiency 2. Diuretic use 3. Injury of the thyroid gland 4. Severe burns 5. Renal failure

1. Vitamin D deficiency 2. Diuretic use 4. Severe burns 5. Renal failure

A central line is preferred over a peripheral IV line under which conditions? (Select all that apply.) 1. When irritating IV fluids are given 2. In an infant 3. When short-term IV therapy is required 4. When the patient has poor peripheral veins 5. When the patient is to receive chemotherapy

1. When irritating IV fluids are given 4. When the patient has poor peripheral veins 5. When the patient is to receive chemotherapy

The patient has had continuous gastric suction. The nurse recognizes that acid-base imbalances can occur with this treatment. Which laboratory data confirms metabolic alkalosis? 1. pH elevated, PaCO2 normal, and HCO3- elevated 2. pH elevated, PaCO2 elevated, and HCO3- decreased 3. pH decreased, PaCO2 decreased, and HCO3- decreased 4. pH decreased, PaCO2 normal, and HCO3- decreased

1. pH elevated, PaCO2 normal, and HCO3- elevated

The nurse is reviewing the daily weight recordings of an assigned patient who is receiving diuretic therapy. The nurse notes a weight decrease of 2 kg (4.4 lb). This will be reflected by a loss or gain of __________ body fluid.

2 L

Normal daily water intake and output (I&O) is approximately how many milliliters? 1. 1500 2. 2500 3. 3500 4. 6500

2. 2500

Which patient has the greatest risk for dehydration? 1. 30-year-old female with vomiting and diarrhea 2. 72-year-old obese male with a fever and anorexia 3. 2-year-old with an ear infection and vomiting 4. 45-year-old underweight female with influenza

2. 72-year-old obese male with a fever and anorexia

The nurse is monitoring an older patient who is receiving a fluid bolus for dehydration. The nurse notices that the patient suddenly has a slight cough and seems a little short of breath. The patient reports, "I'm okay." What should the nurse do first? 1. Notify the RN and the health care provider. 2. Auscultate the lungs and assess for fluid overload. 3. Stop the bolus infusion and establish a saline lock. 4. Weigh the patient and compare to baseline.

2. Auscultate the lungs and assess for fluid overload.

The nurse is instructing a client on how to decrease the intake of calcium in the diet. The nurse would tell the client that which food item is least likely to contain calcium? 1. Milk 2. Butter 3. Spinach 4. Collard greens

2. Butter

The patient has experienced a prolonged episode of diarrhea. Which clinical observation is consistent with the development of metabolic acidosis? 1. Increased perspiration 2. Increased respiratory rate 3. Increased urinary output 4. Decreased heart rate

2. Increased respiratory rate

The nurse is assessing the IV site. If redness, swelling, and warmth are noted, what is the likely cause? 1. Infiltration and air embolus 2. Inflammation and possible phlebitis 3. Blood loss and hemorrhage 4. Embolus from the former catheter

2. Inflammation and possible phlebitis

The nurse is caring for a client with a diagnosis of hyperparathyroidism. Laboratory studies are performed and the serum calcium level is 12.0 mg/dL. Based on this laboratory value, the nurse would take which action? 1. Document the value in the client's record. 2. Inform the registered nurse of the laboratory value. 3. Place the laboratory result form in the client's record. 4. Reassure the client that the laboratory result is normal.

2. Inform the registered nurse of the laboratory value.

The patient is experiencing hyperkalemia. What treatment does the nurse anticipate? 1. Intravenous (IV0 calcium 2. Fluid restrictions 3. Foods high in potassium 4. Administration of loop diuretics

4. Administration of loop diuretics

A patient is admitted with a diagnosis of dehydration. Which type of IV fluid might the nurse expect the health care provider to order to expand the body's fluid volume? 1. Hypertonic solution 2. Isotonic solution 3. Hypotonic solution 4. Pretonic solution

2. Isotonic solution

A patient who has diabetes reports to the nurse that he feels nauseated and has abdominal pain. The nurse observes that the patient is breathing very deeply and rapidly. Based on the assessment findings and the laboratory results, what does the nurse suspect? pH: 7.30 PaCO2: 30 mm HG PaO2: 70 mm HG O2 Saturation: 98% HCO3-: 18 mEq K+: 6.5 mEq/L 1. Metabolic alkalosis 2. Metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis) 3. Respiratory alkalosis 4. Respiratory acidosis

2. Metabolic acidosis (diabetic ketoacidosis)

A sputum specimen has been ordered for a patient admitted with possible pneumonia of the right lower lobe. Which is the best method for the nurse to use with a patient who cannot expectorate sputum on their own? 1. Pharyngeal suctioning 2. Nasotracheal suctioning 3. Oropharyngeal suctioning 4. Tracheal suctioning

2. Nasotracheal suctioning

Fluid balance is maintained in the body by which of the following systems? (Select all that apply.) 1. Cardiac 2. Respiratory 3. Renal 4. Hepatic 5. Immune

2. Respiratory 3. Renal

The patient has a medical diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis. Which clinical manifestation indicates that the blood buffer system is exhausted? 1. Urinary output is decreased. 2. Respiratory rate is increased. 3. Heart rate is decreased. 4. pH is increased.

2. Respiratory rate is increased.

Which regulatory system is the body's second line of defense in keeping the pH within normal limits? 1. Blood buffers 2. Respiratory system 3. Renal system 4. Blood pressure

2. Respiratory system

A patient complains of a headache, nausea, and vomiting during a blood transfusion. Which action is necessary for the nurse to take immediately? 1. Check the vital signs. 2. Stop the blood transfusion. 3. Notify the health care provider and the blood bank personnel. 4. Flush the IV line with normal saline.

2. Stop the blood transfusion.

The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse would plan care knowing that which client is at risk for fluid volume deficit? 1. The client with cirrhosis 2. The client with ileostomy 3. The client with heart failure 4. The client with decreased renal function

2. The client with ileostomy

The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes a potassium level of 5.5 mEq/L. The nurse understands that a potassium value at this level would be noted with which condition? 1. Diarrhea 2. Traumatic burn 3. Cushing's syndrome 4. Overuse of laxatives

2. Traumatic burn

The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of fluid retention. What is the best way to monitor the water balance in the body of this patient? 1. Maintain strict I&O. 2. Weigh daily after the morning shower. 3. Record only what fluid is on the meal trays. 4. Weigh weekly.

2. Weigh daily after the morning shower.

What is the best way for the nurse to determine the patient's fluid balance? 1. Assess vital signs. 2. Weigh the patient daily. 3. Monitor IV fluid intake. 4. Check diagnostic test results.

2. Weigh the patient daily.

In acute respiratory acidosis, the renal compensatory mechanisms begin to operate within how many hours? 1. 6 2. 12 3. 24 4. 48

3. 24

The health care provider has ordered an arterial blood gas (ABG) test on your patient. The pH level on the test comes back as 7.29. What is this result considered? 1. Normal 2. Alkaline 3. Acidic 4. Buffered

3. Acidic

What is the process that requires energy to move fluids, electrolytes, and other solutes across the semipermeable membrane that surrounds the cells? 1. Diffusion 2. Osmosis 3. Active transport 4. Filtration

3. Active transport

The patient is on mechanical ventilation. The arterial blood gas results indicate that the patient has respiratory alkalosis. What would the nurse do first? 1. Suction the airway for excessive secretions or a mucus plug. 2. Notify the RN or the health care provider. 3. Check the ventilator settings and compare to the orders. 4. Deliver breaths using a bag-valve-mask with high-flow oxygen.

3. Check the ventilator settings and compare to the orders.

An older adult patient is evaluated by the nurse for signs of fluid volume excess in association with IV therapy. Which symptom would indicate fluid volume excess in an elderly patient? 1. Redness, warmth, and drainage of fluid at the IV site 2. Decreased pulse and low urine output 3. Complaints of shortness of breath and bounding pulse 4. Puffiness of face, dyspnea, and decreased blood pressure

3. Complaints of shortness of breath and bounding pulse

While in the delivery room with his wife, the father-to-be begins to develop an anxiety reaction and lightheadedness. Which intervention does the nurse use to prevent respiratory alkalosis? 1. Coach panting respirations. 2. Provide nasal oxygen. 3. Have him breathe into a paper bag. 4. Have him cough and deep-breathe.

3. Have him breathe into a paper bag.

Of all the electrolyte disorders, which disorder is considered the most dangerous and potentially fatal? 1. Hypernatremia 2. Hypercalcemia 3. Hyperkalemia 4. Hypermagnesemia

3. Hyperkalemia

When the body senses hypoxemia or hypercapnia, the chemoreceptors in the medulla of the brainstem will have what response? 1. Slowing the respiratory rate 2. Decreasing the heart rate 3. Increasing the depth and rate of respirations 4. Lowering the blood pressure

3. Increasing the depth and rate of respirations

The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient. Which solution is the provider most likely to order to replace the fluid deficiency related to the patient's NPO (nothing by mouth) status in the pre- and postoperative period? 1. Hypotonic solution 2. Hypertonic solution 3. Isotonic solution 4. Parental nutrition

3. Isotonic solution

An elderly patient who has been newly diagnosed with diabetes mellitus has been learning how to perform their own blood glucose monitoring. The patient has impaired circulation. What action would the nurse recommend to improve the specimen collection process? 1. Use a tourniquet on the finger to be used in the specimen collection. 2. Apply a cool, damp cloth to the finger to be used in the specimen collection. 3. Massage the hand before performing the specimen collection. 4. Elevate the hand above heart level before the specimen collection.

3. Massage the hand before performing the specimen collection.

The nurse is assigned a patient with a potassium imbalance. What assessment is most critical for this patient? 1. Auscultate bowel sounds. 2. Evaluate muscle strength. 3. Monitor heart rate and rhythm. 4. Assess reflexes.

3. Monitor heart rate and rhythm.

The nurse is supervising a new nurse who will administer IV potassium to a patient. When would the supervising nurse intervene? 1. New nurse delegates unlicensed assistive personnel to obtain an infusion controller 2. New nurse checks the provider's prescription for the dose, route and time of medication 3. New nurse draws dose with a sterile needle and syringe and scrubs the IV insertion 4. New nurse calls pharmacy to find out when the potassium infusion will be ready

3. New nurse draws dose with a sterile needle and syringe and scrubs the IV insertion

The nurse is reading the primary health care provider's (PHCP's) progress notes in the client's record and sees that the PHCP has documented "insensible fluid loss of approximately 800 mL daily." Which client is at risk for this loss? 1. The client with a draining wound 2. The client with a urinary catheter 3. The client with a fast respiratory rate 4. The client with a nasogastric tube to low suction

3. The client with a fast respiratory rate

What is the primary route of excretion of sodium by the body? 1. Via the skin 2. Via the lungs 3. Via the kidneys 4. Via the feces

3. Via the kidneys

Which abbreviation is used to indicate hydrogen ion concentration in the body 1. mEq 2. ATP 3. pH 4. mL

3. pH

The patient has had emphysema for a number of years. Which set of arterial blood gas values indicates that the patient is in respiratory acidosis? 1. pH 7.35, PaCO2 40, HCO3- 22 2. pH 7.40, PaCO2 45, HCO3- 30 3. pH 7.30, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 24 4. pH 7.48, PaCO2 55, HCO3- 18

3. pH 7.30, PaCO2 50, HCO3- 24

The patient has been placed on a low-sodium diet to assist in the treatment of hypertension. Which patient statement indicates an understanding of the diet teaching? 1. "Cheese is a good between-meal snack for me." 2. "It is okay for me to eat at my favorite seafood restaurant." 3. "In order for me to eat enough vegetables, I can prepare canned peas and corn." 4. "I use a lot of fresh vegetables, although I should give up table salt."

4. "I use a lot of fresh vegetables, although I should give up table salt."

What are the very young, the old, and obese most at risk for? 1. Electrolyte imbalance 2. pH imbalances 3. Fluid volume excess 4. Dehydration

4. Dehydration

The nurse is caring for a client with a suspected diagnosis of hypercalcemia. Which sign/symptom would be an indication of this electrolyte imbalance? 1. Twitching 2. Positive Trousseau's sign 3. Hyperactive bowel sounds 4. Generalized muscle weakness

4. Generalized muscle weakness

The nurse is caring for a client who has been taking diuretics on a long-term basis. Which finding would the nurse expect to note as a result of this long-term use? 1. Gurgling respirations 2. Increased blood pressure 3. Decreased hematocrit level 4. Increased specific gravity of the urine

4. Increased specific gravity of the urine

What is/are the primary excretion route(s) for the electrolytes sodium and potassium? 1. Liver 2. Perspiration 3. Feces 4. Kidneys

4. Kidneys

The nurse reviews a client's electrolyte results and notes that the potassium level is 5.4 mEq/L. What would the nurse look for on the cardiac monitor as a result of this laboratory value? 1. ST elevation 2. Peaked P waves 3. Prominent U waves 4. Narrow, peaked T waves

4. Narrow, peaked T waves

Which statement best describes the risk of fluid and electrolyte imbalances in the older adult? 1. Most older adults can maintain fluid and electrolyte balance just as well as younger adults. 2. Older adults have unlimited reserves to maintain fluid balance when abnormal losses occur. 3. Body water increases with age, which puts the older adult at risk for fluid volume excess. 4. Physiologic changes in the skin and mucous membranes decrease their reliability as indicators of dehydration.

4. Physiologic changes in the skin and mucous membranes decrease their reliability as indicators of dehydration.

The nurse is caring for a client with leukemia and notes that the client has poor skin turgor and flat neck and hand veins. The nurse suspects hyponatremia. Which sign/symptom would the nurse expect to note in this client if hyponatremia is present? 1. Intense thirst 2. Slow bounding pulse 3. Dry mucous membranes 4. Postural blood pressure changes

4. Postural blood pressure changes

Which patient has the greatest risk for developing hypokalemia? 1. Has a small bowel obstruction 2. Has renal failure 3. Consumes excessive alcohol 4. Takes prescribed loop diuretic

4. Takes prescribed loop diuretic

The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse would plan care knowing that which client is at risk for a potassium deficit? 1. The client with Addison's disease 2. The client with metabolic acidosis 3. The client with intestinal obstruction 4. The client receiving nasogastric suction

4. The client receiving nasogastric suction

The nurse is reviewing the health records of assigned clients. The nurse would plan care knowing that which client is at the least likely risk for the development of third-spacing? 1. The client with sepsis 2. The client with cirrhosis 3. The client with kidney failure 4. The client with diabetes mellitus

4. The client with diabetes mellitus

The nurse reviews electrolyte values and notes a sodium level of 130 mEq/L. The nurse expects that this sodium level would be noted in a client with which condition? 1. The client with watery diarrhea 2. The client with diabetes insipidus 3. The client with an inadequate daily water intake 4. The client with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone

4. The client with the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone

The normal pH of blood is approximately __________.

7.35 - 7.45

cachexia

a condition with general wasting away

2,000 - 4,000 ml/day

average amount of fluid intake per day for an adult

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

eructation

discharging gas from the stomach through the mouth

flatus

discharging gas from the stomach through the rectum

gavage

nourishment into digestive system through a tube

isotonic

solutions having the same osmotic pressure as blood

nausea

the feeling of sickness with a desire to vomit

emesis

vomited contents from the stomach

retching

vomiting without producing vomitus

lavage

washing out of a body cavity

The nurse is checking IV sites carefully for signs of infiltration. Which symptoms indicate infiltration at the IV site? 1. Burning sensation, pain, and puffiness at the site 2. Pain, heat, and puffiness at the site 3. Burning sensation and numbness at the site 4. Red streak up the arm

1. Burning sensation, pain, and puffiness at the site

The nurse is caring for a client with hyperparathyroidism and notes that the client's serum calcium level is 13 mg/dL. Which prescribed medication would the nurse plan to assist in administering to the client? 1. Calcitonin 2. Calcium chloride 3. Calcium gluconate 4. Large doses of vitamin D

1. Calcitonin

The nurse is caring for a patient who had surgery on the parathyroid glands. Which electrolyte level in the low-normal range is the greatest concern? 1. Calcium level of 4.6 mEq/ dL 2. Sodium level of 127 mEq/ dL 3. Potassium level of 3.7 mEq/ dL4. Magnesium level of 1.7 mEq/dL

1. Calcium level of 4.6 mEq/ dL

The nurse who is caring for a client with renal failure notes that the client is dyspneic and crackles are heard when listening to breath sounds in the lungs. Which additional sign/symptom would the nurse expect to note in this client? 1. Rapid weight loss 2. Flat hand and neck veins 3. A weak and thready pulse 4. An increase in blood pressure

4. An increase in blood pressure

The health care provider has ordered a stool specimen for blood that it is not possible to see with the naked eye. What does this examination detect? 1. Profuse bleeding 2. Gross blood 3. Obscure blood 4. Occult blood

4. Occult blood

The movement of water from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration occurs through which of the following? 1. Diffusion 2. Filtration 3. Active transport 4. Osmosis

4. Osmosis

Earlier in the shift a patient with severe diarrhea seemed irritable, anxious and twitchy. The RN calls from the patient's room and asks that a vial of calcium gluconate be brought to the room immediately. In addition, to the calcium gluconate, what emergency equipment would the LP/LVN try to quickly obtain for patient with a very low calcium? 1. Chest tube insertion tray and oxygen mask 2. IV pump and IV normal saline for bolus 3. Automated external defibrillator 4. Tracheotomy tray and a resuscitation bag

4. Tracheotomy tray and a resuscitation bag

4. The nurse is educating a middle-aged patient who has been ordered to collect a urine sample for culture and sensitivity. What would the nurse explain is the purpose of the test? 1. To identify the organism causing the infection 2. To determine the presence of malignant cells 3. To analyze the elements present in the urine 4. To localize the site of the inflammatory process

1. To identify the organism causing the infection

The patient is encouraged by his doctor to eat foods that are rich in potassium. Which lunch tray would be the best? 1. Seafood salad with crackers and strawberries with whipped cream 2. Egg salad on whole grain bread. with coffee and potato chips 3. Grilled white toast with tomato soup and orange juice 4. Pork cutlet with milk gravy and mushrooms and melon salad

4. Pork cutlet with milk gravy and mushrooms and melon salad