Food and Energy Chapter 3

The human digestive system is ________________________ long from beginning to end.

9 meters

Guidelines from the USDA provide a way to help people make healthy food choices based on their ______, _________, and amount of ___________ ______________.

Age sex physical activity

Dietary needs vary from person to person, according to their what two things?

Age and sex

All the body's vital processes take place in ___________________.

Amino acids

Both _________________ and ______________ are energy-containing nutrients composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

Carbohydrates and fats

_______________ ___________________ _________________ tell how your daily Calories should be split among carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Daily Reference Intakes

_________________ can be mechanical or chemical.

Digestion

_____________________ provides your body with materials to grow and to repair tissues.

Food

______________________ allow you to evaluate a single food and to compare the nutritional value of different foods.

Food labels

People need six types of _________________. They are ______, ______, ___________, __________, __________, and __________.

Nutrients carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, and water.

___________________ are nutrients that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, oxygen and hydrogen.

Proteins

___________________ ______________ is the major source of energy for your body's cells.

Unsaturated fats

Absorption is the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the __________ ___________.

blood stream

Everyone needs a certain number of _______________ to meet their daily energy needs.

calories

After _____________________________________ takes place, the small nutrient molecules are ready for the body to absorb.

chemical digestion

The process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules is called _________________.

digestion

The organs of the digestive system have three main functions: __________, ____________ and ___________.

digestion absorption elimination

Because the human liver makes all the cholesterol the body needs, people (do need, do not need) foods that contain it.

do not need

In the large intestine, material is readied for __________________ from the body.

elimination

Food provides ____________________ for everything you do.

energy

A(n) __________________ is a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body.

enzyme

The pancreas produces digestive __________ that help break down starches, proteins and ___________.

enzyme fats

Your mouth,____________ and _____________ are the organs in which chemical digestion ______________.

esophagus and stomach end

Food labels provide information about ______________.

food

Bile is stored in an organ called the ______________________.

gall bladder

The six groups in the USDA's food pyramid are ________, _________, _________, ___________, __________, and ____________.

grains, vegetables, fruits, milk, meat and beans, and oils.

As the material moves through the ______________ intestine, water is absorbed into the bloodstream.

large

The _______________ produces bile for the digestive system.

liver

Substances produced by the _____________, _____________ and lining of the ____________________ help to complete ________________ digestion.

liver, pancreas, and lining of the small intestine chemical

When you bite off a piece of food, the teeth and tongue carry out ___________________ digestion.

mechanical

On a food label, ingredients are listed in order by the amount that is in the food from ____________ to ______________.

most to least

USDA charts called Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) show the amounts of ______________________ needed every day.

nutrients

The percent (%) Daily Value shows how the ______________ in one serving fit into a diet of ________ calories a day.

nutrients 2,000

Waves of involuntary muscle contractions, called ___________, push food toward the stomach.

peristalsis

Foods from both animals and plants contain ____________.

protein

_______________, the fluid released by glands when you eat, moistens food into a slippery mass.

saliva

A food label's information is based on a ______________ ___________ size.

single serve

Most chemical digestion and the absorption of nutrients take place in ____________________________________.

small intestine

Then food reaches the small intestines, __________________________________ have been partially broken down.

starches and proteins

At about 6 meters, ___________________________________ makes up two thirds of the length of the digestive system.

the small intestine