Food and Nutrition Ch. 13

What is the major storage form of iron?

Ferritin

Zinc deficiency may result in what condition?

Growth retardation, arrested sexual maturity, diarrhea, impaired immune response, damage of the CNS, hair loss, eye and skin lesions, and loss of appetite

What iron containing compound carries oxygen in the bloodstream?

Hemoglobin

What mineral is necessary for thyroxine production?

Iodine

What binds with Zinc and limits its bio-availability?

Methallothionein

What protein carries oxygen in the muscle cells?

Myoglobin

What is the best food sources of iodine?

Processed foods, salt, seafood, bread, dairy products, plants grown in iodine-rich soil, and animals fed those plants

Who is the most susceptible to iron deficiency?

10% of toddlers, adolescent girls, women of childbearing age

What is the average lifespan of the RBC?

120 days (4 months)

What transports Zinc?

Albumin and transferrin

What can result from iodine deficiency during pregnancy?

Cretinism in the child, major birth defects in baby

What are the best sources of fluoride?

fluorinated drinking water, tea, seafood

What factors enhance the absorption of iron?

when iron stores are depleted, with increased body need -pregnancy, with rapid growth and development

What is the function of the MFP?

it enhances absorption of non-heme iron from foods eatne at the same meal

What is the major cause of iron deficiency?

low iron stores

In what foods is MFP found in?

meats, fish, and poultry

What are the best sources of zinc?

oysters, shelllfish, meats, poultry, milk, cheese, peanuts, legumes

What foods have iron added to them to make them in fortification?

pastas, breads, cereals, grains- iron enriched grains

What foods reduce the absorption of iron?

phytates- in legumes, whole grains, rice, vegetable proteins- in soybeans. legumes, nuts, calcium- in milk, tannic acid- in coffee and tea

What condition results from iodine deficiency?

the body's thyriod hormone decreases, secretes more TSH, thyroid gland enlarges resulting in a goiter

What protein carries iron in the bloodstream?

Transferrin

What is the process of iron absorption and recycling?

Transferrin carries iron in the blood, bone marrow incorporates iron into hemoglobin of RBC and stores exccess iron in ferritin and hemosiderin, iron-containing hemoglobin in RBC carries oxygen, Liver and spleen dismantle RBC, packages iron into transferrin, and stores excess iron in ferritin and hemosiderin.

What is the process of zinc absorption and recycling?

Zinc in food, goes into mucosal cells in the intestine store excess in metallothionein, If not needed: excreted in shed intestinal cells, zinc absorption reduced when body doesn't need zinc, If needed: Metallothionein releases zinc to albumin and transferrin for transport, pancreas uses zinc to make digestive enzymes and secretes them into the intestine

Approximately what percentage of iron is normally absorbed overall?

about 18% in mixed diets, about 10% in vegetarian diets

What deficiency would a low level of hemoglobin indicate?

Anemia deficiency

What condition does fluoride deficiency result in?

susceptibility to tooth decay