Formulating Hypothesis

Inductive reasoning helps forming propositions of a good hypothesis. True False

True

Intuition is most accurate when it comes from experts. True False

True

Using theory in formulating an intervention for a person experiencing depression is a good example of inductive reasoning. True False

False

____ is reasoning from specific cases to general principles. Falsification Deduction Reductionism Induction

Induction

Which is a falsifiable statement? Abortion is murder. Members of another religion do not go to Heaven. Nike running shoes outlast New Balance shoes. Human sexual orientation is exclusively determined by personal choice.

Nike running shoes outlast New Balance shoes.

Causal attributions are ____ about the antecedent conditions that affect people's behavior. hypotheses theories observations laws

hypotheses

Psychology experiments are designed to test statements called models. hypotheses. laws. theories.

hypotheses.

Researchers have used equity theory to predict behavior in diverse interpersonal situations (e.g., helping behavior and romantic relationships). These predictions were generated using ____ reasoning. inductive combined deductive and inductive synthetic deductive

deductive

An experimental hypothesis is a statement of a potential relationship between at least two measurable behaviors. a subject variable and an independent variable. at least two independent variables. specific antecedent conditions and a dependent variable.

specific antecedent conditions and a dependent variable.

How can researchers maximize the integration of inductive and deductive reasoning? Using deduction in individual cases can prove the falsifiability and testability of theoretical hypothesis in a population. Aggregating the propositions and predictions of induction models contributes to the development of general models. Deduction is used to test general principles while induction can be used to predict individual. Deduction is used to form general theories while induction is used to devise individualized hypothesis.

Aggregating the propositions and predictions of induction models contributes to the development of general models.

How can you describe a fruitful statement? Contributes to research findings. Generate testable hypothesis. Can be proven incorrect. Predicts development of psychological thought.

Contributes to research findings.

____ is the process of reasoning from general principles to specific cases. Deduction Falsification Reductionism Induction

Deduction

What is the role of deductive reasoning in research? Deductive reasoning helps integrating specific instances in general models. Deductive reasoning provides the structure on interpreting theory in research. Deductive reasoning provides the scaffold in developing induction models. Deductive reasoning helps utilized well-developed models to explain an event.

Deductive reasoning helps utilized well-developed models to explain an event.

Choose the analytic statement. Today is Monday and Wednesday. My pet is a dog and is not a dog. Sam is married and single. Dieters' weights will fluctuate.

Dieters' weights will fluctuate.

What differentiates experimental and non-experimental hypothesis? Experimental hypothesis explains the differences of the IV and DV between groups. Experimental hypothesis explains a simple, synthetic, fruitful, and testable statements. Experimental hypothesis explains the effects of the manipulated antecedent to a measured behavior. Experimental hypothesis explains the relationship between variables

Experimental hypothesis explains the effects of the manipulated antecedent to a measured behavior.

A hypothesis is a synthetic analysis of the predicted relationship between variables. True False

False

A simple hypothesis will fail to express the complexity of good experimental research. True False

False

A testable hypothesis should reflect the effects of the manipulated antecedent on the measures of the predetermined response. True False

False

An experimental hypothesis aims to explain the effects of the existing differences between variables. True False

False

Falsifiable statements are constructed to disprove the research hypothesis. True False

False

What is serendipity in research? Relies on the openness of the researcher. It is considered as luck. Findings that are not being sought. A form of knowing without reasoning.

Findings that are not being sought.

Which of the following hypothesis is not testable? Watching several episodes of family-oriented TV shows in relation to perceived social-support. Increased instances of late-night dreaming to work performance. Watching several episodes of violent TV shows in relation to aggressive behavior. Increased number of social networking site followers predicts perceived social acceptance.

Increased instances of late-night dreaming to work performance.

How can scientists build on prior research? Integrate current findings with existing facts. Replicating previous procedures of published research. Developing a more parsimonious hypothesis based from existing research. Falsifying existing research hypothesis.

Integrate current findings with existing facts.

Which statement best explain the inductive model? Process of reasoning which examines individual instances to an overall scheme. Process of reasoning which examines overall instances to a specific scheme. Process of reasoning which examines individual instances to a specific scheme. Process of reasoning which examines general instances to a specific scheme.

Process of reasoning which examines individual instances to an overall scheme.

Which of the following statement can best describe synthetic statements? Statements that can be proven true or false and follows an If...then format. Statements that always support the findings and follows an If...then format. Statements that can follows an if.... then format. Statements that contradict the findings and follows an If...then format.

Statements that can be proven true or false and follows an If...then format.

____ statements can be either true or false. All of these Analytic Contradictory Synthetic

Synthetic

What differentiates falsifiable and testable statements? Testable statements focus on the measurable outcomes of the IV while falsifiable statements intend to prove the evidences for the hypothesis. Testable statements focus on the outcome of a manipulated antecedent while falsifiable statements intend to disprove the hypothesis Testable statements focus on the measurable procedures between the IV and the DV while falsifiable statements emphasize contradicting evidences. Testable statements focus on the effects of antecedent conditions on the outcomes while falsifiable statements underscore the possible failure as evidence on the hypothesized effect.

Testable statements focus on the effects of antecedent conditions on the outcomes while falsifiable statements underscore the possible failure as evidence on the hypothesized effect.

A researcher's openness to possibilities can maximize the good effects of serendipity. True False

True

Experimental and Nonexperimental hypothesis fundamentally differs on the objective of their research designs. True False

True

Select the contradictory statement. You have a sister and are an only child. Adversity builds character. It only rains on weekends. All people are mortal.

You have a sister and are an only child.

A review of prior studies in an area may provide new research ideas. help in identifying important issues. all of these information on previous methodological problems.

all of these

Nonexperimental studies are often a good source of experimental hypotheses because they can help narrow down alternative explanations. establish causal relationships. promote inductive reasoning. manipulate antecedent conditions.

can help narrow down alternative explanations.

Falsifiable means that a hypothesis is always false. parsimonious. capable of being disproved. fruitful.

capable of being disproved.

The Watson and Rayner fear-conditioning hypothesis regarding Little Albert stimulated considerable research. This shows the hypothesis was deductive. inductive. synthetic. fruitful.

fruitful.

Maggie is attempting to earn enough money for college by day-trading on the stock market. She noticed that a particular stock gained value yesterday and that it also gained value today. She concludes that it is a good stock that will continue to gain value in the future. This conclusion is based on deduction. induction. commonsense psychology. the windfall hypothesis.

induction.

Susan suspects that her husband is having an affair because he brought her a dozen roses, washed the dishes, and asked when her mother could visit them next. Susan's hypothesis is based on serendipity. both induction and deduction. deduction. induction.

induction.

A researcher who develops a theory from the findings of several specific experiments illustrates the ____ approach. deductive nonexperimental inductive combined deductive and inductive

inductive

B. F. Skinner's study of reinforcement involved the ____ approach to research. inductive deductive correlational nonexperimental

inductive

As described in your text, Simon (1967) suggests that intuition is best when it comes from an expert. can be used for deduction but not for induction. is the most valuable tool a scientist has. has no place in scientific inquiry.

is best when it comes from an expert.

Zajonc's (1966) theory of the mere exposure effect was developed through review of prior research. serendipity. intuition. deduction.

review of prior research.