Foundations of Communications, Chapter 4

Which of the following statements is most likely to come from an individualistic than a collectivistic culture?

"Be true to yourself"

Which of the following statements is true about language?

It is governed by rules

Language is which of the following?

It is used to communicate meaning it is a system of symbols it uses symbols called words

Which of the following are true about language?

The values of a society are reflected in its use of language Use of language varies by culture language is bound by culture

Which of the following statements about words are true?

We use words to refer to objects, events, and ideas words are arbitrary, having only the meanings that users of the language give them

Which of the following are true about how to improve your language use?

You should avoid using language that is too complex for your audience you should try to speak at an appropriate level of complexity for your audience you should avoid using language that is too simple for your audience

threat

a declaration of the intention to harm someone

Which of the following are true about how people's names define and differentiate them?

a name is a way that people represent themselves to others a name is an important component of person's sense of self a name provides clues about a person's ethnicity

Denotative

a words literal meaning, which is how the dictionary defines the word

A word that refers to a broad category or organizing concept of objects is described as

abstract

What are some characteristics that might be suggested by a person's first name?

age group ethnicity sex

Which of the following describes statements that we can interpret to have more than one meaning?

ambiguous

which of the following are true about the difference between opinion and factual claims?

an opinion expresses a personal judgment or preference that we could agree with or disagree with a factual claim makes an assertion that we can verify with evidence and show to be true or false an opinion is not true or false in an absolute sense

The ideas or concepts that a word suggests constitute its ________ meaning.

connotative

Loaded language refers to

connotative meaning

Language expresses who we are by naming and identifying us and by enhancing our

credibility

When we trust a doctor's health advice over that of a waiter, we are assigning ______ on the basis of the doctor's expertise.

credibility

equivocation

describes language that disguises the speaker's true intentions through strategic ambiguity

jargon

describes the technical vocabulary of a certain profession that allows members of that occupation or profession to communicate with one another precisely and efficiently

When a speaker uses language that is inappropriately simple for the audience, the speaker is talking

down to people

Which of the following are the primary social functions of language?

expressing affection sharing social information providing comfort and support

Language functions to connect us with others but not to separate us from others.

false

Which of the following is informal talk that is typically judgmental about people who are not present in the conversation?

gossip

Which of the following is true about hate speech?

it can be based on race, disability status, religion, or sexual orientation. it is meant to degrade, intimidate, or dehumanize people it involves calling people derogatory names and advocating violence against them.

Which of the following are functions of language?

it connects us to others it expresses who we are it motivates action

Which of the following describe how language expresses who we are?

it identifies us it enhances our credibility it names us

Which of the following statements are true about communicating affection?

it is good for relationships it is good for people

Which of the following are true about language?

its symbolic it is usually arbitrary it has layers of meaning it is governed by rules

Which of the following statements are true about language?

language is symbolic words represent objects

defamation

language that harms a person's reputation or gives that person a negative image

which of the following refers to defamatory statements made in print or some other fixed medium, such as a photograph?

libel

When a speaker associates an idea to a word with a strong connotative meaning in order to evoke a stronger emotional reaction to the idea, the speaker is said to be using _______ language

loaded

Forms of language, such a euphemism, slang, and profanity, are

neither entirely bad or nor entirely good

It is important for a speaker to separate _______ from factual claims

opinions

Which of the following are the four basic types of language rules that researchers have identified?

phonological syntactic semantic pragmatic

The language rule that deals with the correct pronunciation of a word is the

phonological rule

When you use a speaker's facial expressions and tone of voice to determine that person's meaning, you are using

pragmatic rules

Which of the following ways of using language can be abusive or beneficial, depending on how they are used?

profanity criticism

What are the three corners of the semantic triangle?

referent symbol reference

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis maintains that language

reflects attitudes and behaviors of a culture's people influences the ways that members of a culture see the world

Which of the following describes a defamatory statement that is made aloud, within earshot of others?

slander

which of the following describes how a word represents an object or idea but does not constitute the object or idea?

symbolism

Because words are only symbols of objects and ideas and can mean whatever we choose them to mean, language is

usually arbitrary

According to communication accommodation theory, which of the following is true regarding the relationship between dialect and credibility?

we gain credibility with our audience when we speak to them in familiar dialect when we speak to an audience with a different dialect, they may view us as outsiders and therefore question our credibility

which of the following examples are you-statements?

you're making me mad you don't know what you're doing you hurt my feelings you're not listening to me