Foundations Quiz 1

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pp. 200-201.The nurse is responsible for establishing a caring relationship with the client. The nurse could evaluate her priority for caring by asking which self-reflection questions? Select all that apply. a) What do I know about the client beyond his physical condition? b) Do I provide care that is individualized, or do I provide care as planned? c) How does the client need to change in order for me to know him better? d) When the client's family comes, do I take the time to talk with them? e) How do I decide what the client needs and prioritize my time?

• When the client's family comes, do I take the time to talk with them? • Do I provide care that is individualized, or do I provide care as planned? • What do I know about the client beyond his physical condition? • How do I decide what the client needs and prioritize my time? Correct Explanation: Self-reflection helps the nurse to evaluate relationships with clients and others. Asking questions to reflect on the quality of care will help to determine if caring is a priority. Nurses who value caring welcome the opportunity for conversation with the client and family.

The nurse is caring for a client who ascribes to the theory of animism. When attempting to explain this theory to other staff members, the nurse should state:

"Everything in nature is alive with invisible forces."

A client who underwent a hysterectomy 4 days ago says to the nurse, "I wonder if I'll still feel like a woman." Which response would most likely encourage the client to expand on this and express her concerns in more specific terms? "Do you feel like you are not a woman?" "Do you want more children?" "Feel like a woman . . ." Remaining silent

"Feel like a woman . . ." This response is a reflective comment, which allows the client to reflect and elaborate on her feelings. Remaining silent is a skill that is appropriate many times, but not the most appropriate in the situation at hand. Asking a yes/no question such as "Do you want more children?" does not encourage the client to reflect and elaborate on her feelings. The question "When did you begin to wonder about this?" does not direct the client in a direction for more reflection on her feelings.

A nurse is conducting a health history for a client with a chronic respiratory problem. What question might the nurse ask to assess for orthopnea? "Do you have problems breathing when you walk up stairs?" "Does your medication help you breathe better?" "How many pillows do you sleep on at night to breathe better?" "Tell me about your breathing difficulties since you stopped smoking."

"How many pillows do you sleep on at night to breathe better?" Orthopnea is shortness of breath (dyspnea) that occurs when lying flat, causing the person to have to sleep propped up in bed or sitting in a chair.

A nurse is caring for a client in the hospital. Every time the nurse enters the client's room, the client states that he is very upset that he has not been able to speak to his physician about his care. What is the best response by the nurse? a) "I understand that you want to speak to your physician, I will contact his office and find out if he can come in to speak to you today." b) "I can answer any questions that you may have." c) "Why are you so upset about not seeing the physician, there is no change in your plan of care anyway." d) "You were sleeping when your physician made rounds this morning so you will have to wait until tomorrow to speak with him."

"I understand that you want to speak to your physician, I will contact his office and find out if he can come in to speak to you today." Correct Explanation: A profound sense of the value of person and a sense of personal responsibility for actions, and bravery to question the system are all attributes that support the role of a nurse. In this question, a nurse that possesses these attributes should respond to the client in a way that reassures that patient that his concerns are valued and the nurse should take personal responsibility to contact the physician and find out if the physician can make a visit to the client because his concerns are significant. The nurse may be able to answer the questions that the client has but the client is upset about not seeing the physician. Questions that begin with "why" are not therapeutically effective, and even if the client was sleeping when the physician made rounds it does not mean that he does not have the right to request to speak to the person responsible for his care.

A staff nurse asks a student, "Why in the world are you studying nursing theory?" How would the student best respond? a) "I think it explains how we should collaborate with others." b) "Our school requires we take it before we can graduate." c) "We do it so we know more than your generation did." d) "It helps explain how nursing is different from medicine."

"It helps explain how nursing is different from medicine." Correct Explanation: Nursing theory differentiates nursing from other disciplines and activities in that it serves the purpose of describing, explaining, predicting, and controlling desired outcomes of nursing care practices.

The registered nurse is teaching a community health class about illness prevention. Which statement reflects understanding of this concept?

"It is important to enroll in a smoking cessation class."

The nurse is attempting to provide anticipatory guidance for the parents of an 18-month-old boy. Which statement would be best for the nurse to make?

"Keep all medications in a locked cabinet."

A 30-year-old client is admitted to the health care facility with back pain. Which of the following statements should the nurse use while counseling a client with back pain?

"Maintain good body posture while sitting."

A client asks asks an RN to prescribe a medication for pain. What is the best answer by the nurse?

"Only advanced practice registered nurses have prescriptive authority."

A nurse is conducting a class about health care trends for a group of newly graduated registered nurses at the community hospital. Which of the following six trends stated by the nurse reflects the Institute of Medicine's (IOM) focus? a) "The system should be flexible, patient centered, bureaucratic, timely, safe, and efficient." b) "The system should be safe, efficient, centralized, wellness promoting, government driven, and patient centered." c) "The system should be static, reliable, timely, equitable, efficient, and illness focused." d) "The system should be safe, effective, efficient, patient centered, timely, and equitable."

"The system should be safe, effective, efficient, patient centered, timely, and equitable." Correct Explanation: A safe, effective, efficient, patient-centered, timely, and equitable system is what is envisioned by the IOM. A bureaucratic, government-driven, illness-focused system is not advocated by the IOM.

A nurse is discussing extended care options with the family of a 72-year-old client about to be discharged from the acute hospital following a cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Which of the following statements made by the nurse accurately describes extended care facilities? a) "Extended care is only for clients who require nursing care for more than one year." b) "The use of extended care is common. In fact, it is estimated that by 2020, about 5 million people will be using long-term services." c) "Extended care facilities are for clients 65 years of age and older who are physically or mentally incapable of caring for their own needs." d) "These facilities can provide medical and nonmedical care for patients with varying disabilities."

"These facilities can provide medical and nonmedical care for patients with varying disabilities." Correct Explanation: Extended care facilities provide care to persons of any age anywhere from a few days to many years. By 2020, the number of clients using these facilities is estimated to be 12 million, not 5 million. The correct answer is that the facilities can provide medical and nonmedical care for patients with many types of diseases, disorders, or disabilities. (

A client has noticed a "Magnet Recognition" sign in the acute care hospital after admission for an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and questions the nurse about what this means. Which of the following statements by the nurse best describes what is meant by "Magnet Recognition"? a) "Our hospital earned magnet status by having a commendable report from JCAHO (Joint Commission on Accreditation of Hospital Organizations)". b) "Magnet recognition means that the hospital has been found to have excellent nursing care. This increases the reimbursement from Medicare." c) "This hospital was recognized for the quality and innovation in its nursing practice." d) "A magnet hospital is one that is recognized for consistently employing evidence based practice (EBP)."

"This hospital was recognized for the quality and innovation in its nursing practice." Correct Explanation: Using EBP is standard practice and does not necessarily lead to magnet recognition. Magnet recognition and JCAHO are not directly linked. Although Medicare and many private insurance companies base reimbursement for services partly on patient satisfaction that stems from quality care, there is also no direct link between the two. The best answer is quality and innovative nursing care.

While the student nurses are orienting to the subacute facility where the they will do their clinical rotation, they ask their instructor why extended care facilities have proliferated in the past decade. Which of the following is the instructor's best response? a) "These days, clients are discharged from the hospital far too early to care for themselves, so we have seen a rise in the number of these facilities." b) "Subacute and other extended care facilities are primarily for clients who have decided against home health care, and there are many clients." c) "Subacute facilities primarily provide care to patients who lack caregivers at home. Because many clients have no extended family to care for them, there are a number of extended care facilities taking the place of family." d) "With the scarcity of health care dollars, clients are discharged to a lower level of care that is also less expensive when they no longer meet guidelines for acute care."

"With the scarcity of health care dollars, clients are discharged to a lower level of care that is also less expensive when they no longer meet guidelines for acute care." Explanation: Skilled and subacute care is for clients who require care beyond the scope of home care. Although it is true that in many segments of the population family size is shrinking, clients who are candidates for subacute facilities generally have medical or psychological issues beyond the ability of the home caregiver. Although earlier discharge from acute care is a contributor to the rise of subacute settings, the instructor is making an overt judgment in stating clients are discharged "far too early."

The nurse utilizing the nursing process includes which of the following steps? Select all that apply.

- Assess - Evaluate - Implement - Plan

During the course of any given day of work in the acute care setting, the nurse may need to perform which roles? Select all that apply.

- Communicator - Counselor - Teacher

A graduate nurse applies for a nursing license in Pennsylvania. Which action does the jurisdiction of the licensing board have? Select all that apply.

- Denying licensing due to criminal actions - Licensing nurses during the lifetime of the holder - Allowing graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the NCLEX

What is the primary purpose of standards of nursing practice?

- Each nurse is accountable for her own quality of practice and is responsible for using standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive care. - Standards of practice do not provide the ability to safely perform skills, establish nursing as a profession and discipline, or enable nurses to have a voice in health care policy.

The nurse is conducting a community assessment that focuses on Healthy People 2020 health promotion guidelines. What would be important for the nurse to include when performing the community assessment to meet the Healthy People 2020 goals? Select all that apply.

- Number of health clinics - The violent crime rate - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome rate

What are the best examples of the role of the nurse as a communicator? Select all that apply.

- Telling a client their blood pressure - Calling a physician about a client's blood pressure - Informing the physical therapist that the client's therapy was discontinued - Discussing laboratory values with a client

When planning the care of a client, which nurse-prescribed interventions would be appropriate to implement? Select all that apply.

- Turning clients every 2 hours to prevent skin breakdown - Monitoring IV site access every 2 hours for clients with IV fluid infusion - Monitoring the day's Input and Output to determine fluid retention - Initiating contact precaution for a client with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

The nurse is preparing to perform handwashing. What are the steps?

1. Turn on the faucet and adjust force and temperature of the water. 2. Wet the hand and wrists. 3. Apply soap. 4. Wash the palms and backs of the hands for at least 20 seconds. 5. Pat the hands dry with a paper towel. 6. Turn the faucet off with a paper towel.

Question: Organize these events in chronological order, beginning with the earliest (1) and ending with the most recent (5).

1.During the Crusades, religious orders provided nursing care to the sick. 2.Florence Nightingale administered care to British soldiers during the Crimean War. 3.Mary Elizabeth Mahoney graduated from the New England Hospital for Women and Children as America's first African American nurse. 4.Clara Barton organized the American Red Cross. 5.Margaret Sanger advocated for contraception and family planning in the United States

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin?

18th to 19th century

In what time period did nursing care as we now know it begin? a) 18th to 19th century b) 16th to 17th century c) Early civilization to 16th century d) Pre-civilization

18th to 19th century Correct Explanation: From the middle of the 18th century to the 19th century, social reforms changed the roles of nurses and of women in general. It was during this time that nursing as we now know it began, based on the beliefs of Florence Nightingale.

When performing fall risk assessments, which client does the nurse determine is most at risk for falls? A 50-year-old male being cared for in an unfamiliar health care environment A 60-year-old male with weakness in his left side and slowed reaction time A 70-year-old female with postural hypotension who wears eyeglasses, but has no history of falls An 80-year-old female with a history of falling last year and breaking a hip

A 70-year-old female with postural hypotension who wears eyeglasses, but has no history of falls

A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all-terrain vehicle (ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident occurred. The nurse is implementing which type of skill? a) Counseling skills b) Assessment skills c) Caring skills d) Comforting skills

A client scheduled to have hip replacement surgery states, "I am so scared of the surgery and of the anesthetic." What is the best response by the nurse? a) "Your wife will be in the surgery waiting room the entire time." b) "What will happen if you don't have surgery?" c) "You really don't have anything to worry about." d) "What questions do you have about the surgery?"

The nurse is evaluating client health. Which of the following clients should the nurse determine to be exhibiting the most signs of health?

A client with a leg amputation that performs activities of daily living with a prothesis

The nursing process is:

A critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.

The nursing process is:*

A critical thinking method used by nurses to provide nursing care that is individualized and holistic.

A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which aim of nursing has the nurse most clearly demonstrated? a) Preventing illness b) Restoring health c) Promoting health d) Facilitating coping

Which one of the following examples of nursing actions would be considered an ethical/legal skill?

A nurse helps a patient prepare a living will

A nurse is changing the bed linen of a client admitted to the health care facility. Which isolation precaution should the nurse follow? a) Contact precautions b) Standard precautions c) Airborne precautions d) Droplet precautions

A nurse receives an x-ray report on a newly admitted client suspected of having a fractured tibia. The nurse contacts the physician to report the findings. What role is the nurse engaged in? a) Communicator b) Advocate c) Researcher d) Caregiver

The nurse is describing the role of the nurse entrepreneur. Which of the following statements best describe this role?

A nurse who manages a health-related business

A registered nurse has had her license suspended after being convicted of being impaired at work. What governing body has the authority to revoke or suspend a nurse's license? a) The employing health care institution b) The State Board of Nurse Examiners c) The Supreme Court d) The National League for Nursing

A 32-year-old construction worker is admitted to the emergency department after suffering a heat stroke. Which of the following IV solutions would the nurse expect the physician would order?

A solution of normal saline

The Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative has identified which key competencies for nurses? Select all that apply. A. Client-centered care B. Teamwork and collaboration C. Evidence-based practice D. Quality improvement E. Correct documentation

A, B, C, D Client-centered care Teamwork and collaboration Evidence-based practice Quality improvement

Based on its jurisdiction, which actions may a state licensing board of nursing take? Select all that apply. A. Allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the NCLEX B. Authorize nurses to practice nursing in any state C. License nurses during the lifetime of the holder D. Deny licensing due to criminal actions E. Protect nurses from being suspended for professional misconduct F. Issue special licenses to nurses practicing in long-term care facilities as a priority

A, C, D Allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the NCLEX License nurses during the lifetime of the holder Deny licensing due to criminal actions

The nurse is using the nursing process to plan care for a client who has just been admitted to the hospital. Place in order the steps of the nursing process that the nurse would use for this client. Use all options. A. The nurse observes that the client is short of breath, coughing, and expectorating thick, yellow sputum. B. The nurse administers an intravenous antibiotic every 12 hours. C. The nurse evaluates lung sounds and vital signs for effectiveness of treatment. D. The nurse plans to teach the client about deep breathing, coughing sputum into a tissue, and disposing of the tissue in an appropriate receptacle. E. The nurse analyzes the data and determines that the client is experiencing an oxygenation problem.

A, E, D, B, C 1. The nurse observes that the client is short of breath, coughing, and expectorating thick, yellow sputum. 2. The nurse analyzes the data and determines that the client is experiencing an oxygenation problem. 3. The nurse plans to teach the client about deep breathing, coughing sputum into a tissue, and disposing of the tissue in an appropriate receptacle. 4. The nurse administers an intravenous antibiotic every 12 hours. 5. The nurse evaluates lung sounds and vital signs for effectiveness of treatment.

Which of the following nursing groups provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing?

ANA

Which organization has established standards that help the nurse determine which clinical actions fall under the scope of nursing practice?

ANA

Which of the following nursing groups provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing? a) ANA b) The Joint Commission c) ICN d) AAN

ANA Correct Explanation: The American Nurses Association (ANA) describes the values and social responsibility of nursing, provides a definition and scope of practice for nursing, discusses nursing's knowledge base, and describes the methods by which nursing is regulated within its Nursing's Social Policy Statement (2003).

After hearing a presentation about the American Nurses Association (ANA), a nurse decides to join the organization based on the understanding about which of the following?

ANA aims at fostering high standards of nursing in America

A nursing student is reading a research article from a nursing journal. The student is aware that the opening paragraph summarizing the article (and the findings of the research) is a good place to start. What part of the article is the nursing student reading? a) Review of the literature b) Conclusions c) Abstract d) Results

Abstract Correct Explanation: The abstract is located at the beginning of the article, and it summarizes the entire article and usually provides the purpose of the study, a description of the subjects, data collection and data analysis, and a summary of important findings. The review of literature discusses relevant studies that have been conducted in the area of this study, and it is included in the introduction. The results are the findings of the study and are often presented both in words and charts, tables, or graphs. The conclusions are the discussions of the results and suggestions for further study.

Which of the following is an example of an illness prevention activity by the nurse?

Administering immunizations.

Based on Maslow's hierarchy of needs, when prioritizing a patient's plan of care, what would be the nurse's first priority? a) Allowing the family to see a newly admitted patient. b) Ambulating the patient in the hallway. c) Administering pain medication. d) Teaching the patient to self administer insulin

Administering pain medication. Correct Explanation: In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, pain relief addresses the patient's basic physiologic need. Activity, such as ambulation is a higher level need above the physiologic need. Allowing the patient to see his family addresses a higher level need related to love and belonging. Teaching the patient is also a higher level need related to the desire to know and understand and is not appropriate at this time, as the basic physiologic need of pain control must be addressed before the patient can address these higher level needs

A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the client's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse?

Advocate

A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse?

Advocate

A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse? a) Advocate b) Leader c) Counselor d) Researcher

Advocate Correct Explanation: The nursing role that focuses on advocacy involves the protection of human or legal rights and the securing of care for all clients, based on the belief that clients have the right to make informed decisions about their own health. In this situation, the nurse recognizes the client's right to make end-of-life decisions and advocates for the client by documenting that the client has an advance directive. The nurse also demonstrates advocacy by communicating this information to the patient's physician.

Which social force significantly impacted the future supply and demand of nurses?

Aging

Medicare reimburses in-hospital costs based on a set payment for a diagnostic related group (DRG). This means the hospital is reimbursed for a fixed amount based on the diagnosis and projected cost for care. As a result of this system the hospital can make a profit or a loss. Select the responses that describe when a profit for care of the client can be achieved. a) The nursing care results in the client reaching outcomes for recovery, without complication, after the projected timetable. b) The client is discharged before the approved discharge date. c) All of the hospitalization charges are less than projected. d) The client receives incompatible blood so the hospital does not get charged for it.

All of the hospitalization charges are less than projected. • The client is discharged before the approved discharge date. Explanation: The hospital will make a profit when cost of hospitalization is less than the reimbursement assigned for the severity of illness and projected care costs. If the client is discharged earlier than projected the hospital keeps the total reimbursed. Incompatible blood is a preventable error, for which the hospital is not reimbursed. Reaching outcomes after the approved time results in additional cost to the hospital.

A nurse performs an initial assessment of the client admitted with stroke and prepares a nursing care plan along with the nursing diagnosis. Which of the following nursing diagnoses should be a priority for nursing intervention based on Maslow's theory of human needs? a) Altered nutrition less than body weight b) Low self-esteem related to dependency on the caretaker c) Ineffective coping related to disease condition d) Altered family process related to disease condition

Altered nutrition less than body weight Correct Explanation: Altered nutrition less than body weight should be a priority for nursing intervention. According to Maslow's theory of human needs, physiologic needs should be met first. Altered nutrition in the client is a physiologic need; therefore, it is a priority. Ineffective coping related to disease condition and low self-esteem relate to dependency on the caretaker, and altered family process related to disease condition are self-esteem and self-actualization needs that can be met later.

Which is an appropriately stated nursing intervention?

Ambulate 30 ft. twice a day with assistance of a walker.

Which of the following is an appropriately stated nursing intervention?

Ambulate 30 ft. twice a day with assistance of walker

The first nursing journal owned, operated, and published by nurses was:

American Journal of Nursing

Which of the following organizations is the best source of information when a nurse wishes to determine whether an action is within the scope of nursing practice?

American Nurses Association (ANA)

A nurse is applying the nursing process and is in the diagnosis phase. With which activities would the nurse be involved? Select all that apply. Collecting subjective and objective data Organizing data Analyzing data Identifying patterns Identifying indicators of potential dysfunction

Analyzing data Identifying patterns Identifying indicators of potential dysfunction

A nurse is considering relocating to another state to practice nursing. Which of the following is the most appropriate action by the nurse to ensure ability to practice in the new state?

Applying for a reciprocal license in the new state

The nurse is caring for a client who cannot meet health needs independently. Which action made by the nurse depicts concern and attachment?

Asking the client, "How are you today? I am really worried about you."

A client reports to the emergency department with ankle pain due to a minor road accident. By asking the client to describe the accident, what type of nursing skill is the nurse using?

Assessment Skills

A client is brought to the emergency department with a head injury following an all terrain vehicle(ATV) accident. The nurse asks the family members to describe how the accident occurred. The nurse is implementing which type of skill?

Assessment skills

Nurse H. graduated several years ago from a 2-year nursing program that he took at a community college near his home city. Recently, Nurse H. has considered moving from providing direct patient care into an administrative role, but he recognizes the need to further his education in order to be considered for such a position. Nurse H. most likely possesses which of the following nursing qualifications?

Associate degree

Associate degree Correct Explanation: An associate degree in nursing is typically a 2-year program that is offered at a community college or junior college. Such a degree allows a nurse to plan and provide care, but further education is often necessary for administrative positions. A diploma is often provided under the auspices of a hospital, while both baccalaureate and graduate degrees involve a minimum of 4 years of education and qualify a nurse to act in a supervisory role.

The director of nursing (DON) of a major hospital is seeking to hire a nurse with a strong technical background to care for patients on a busy surgical unit. The DON is most likely going to hire a nurse prepared at which level of nursing?

Associate level

Associates degree

A nurse mentoring second-year nursing students from a community college plans clinical experiences for them. These students will most likely graduate in which time frame?

At the end of the year

Which of the following is the best example of a nurse attending an inservice program?

Attending a hospital program on how to use a new IV pump

A student wants to join a nursing program that provides flexibility in working at both staff and managerial positions. Which nursing program should the nurse suggest for this student?

Baccalaureate nursing programs

Baccalaureate program

A student is choosing her educational path and desires a nursing degree with a track that contains community nursing and leadership, as well as liberal arts. The student would best be suited in which type of program? a) Baccalaureate program b) Certification in a nursing specialty c) Licensed practical nursing program d) Diploma nursing program

Baccalaureate program Correct Explanation: The baccalaureate degree in nursing offers students a full college or university education with a background in the liberal arts.

The nurse who demonstrates accountability and responsibility for clients in their care is responsive to client needs. The client's hospital stay is often limited to a few days, and nurse-client assignments change. There is not much time to really get to know the client. What are ways to develop responsible caring? Select all that apply. a) Demonstrating concern for the client regardless of what happens on the unit. b) Developing my strengths and weaknesses in client care. c) Being attentive and responsive to the client's needs. d) Ensuring that the nurse is comfortable before communicating with the health care team. e) Reporting to the on-coming shift to ensure continuity of care.

Being attentive and responsive to the client's needs. • Demonstrating concern for the client regardless of what happens on the unit. • Reporting to the on-coming shift to ensure continuity of care. Explanation: Nurses committed to interpersonal caring are accountable for the well-being of their clients. The nurse is attentive to the client's needs and is concerned about them. Before leaving the shift, the nurse reports to ensure that continuity of care will be given. To communicate with the health care team the nurse may need to step out of the comfort zone on behalf of the client. Developing strengths as well as weaknesses is clearly wrong.

The committed nurse takes the opportunity to interact with the client while providing care. This is an opportunity to enrich both the client and the nurse. Select the nursing behavior that describes how to give care that "makes a difference." a) Being conscious of how one's responses may influence the well-being of another. b) Providing care based on best practices: the correct procedures and policies. c) Recognizing the significance of completing the plan of care and reaching outcomes. d) Accomplishing all tasks for the day required by the client and family.

Being conscious of how one's responses may influence the well-being of another. Correct Explanation: Care that "makes a difference" is care that recognizes the rewards of mutual exchange between the client and nurse. The nurse who is invested in client care is aware of how her responses may communicate a gift of joy, peace, strength, and healing, and not just the medication or task.

After graduation from an accredited program in nursing and successfully passing the NCLEX, what gives the nurse a legal right to practice?

Being licensed by the State Board of Nursing

After graduation from an accredited program in nursing and successfully passing the NCLEX, what gives the nurse a legal right to practice? a) Filing NCLEX results in the county of residence b) Having a signed letter confirming graduation c) Being licensed by the State Board of Nursing d) Enrolling in an advanced degree program

Being licensed by the State Board of Nursing Correct Explanation: The Board of Nursing in each state has the legal authority to allow graduates of approved schools of nursing to take the licensing examination. Those who successfully meet the requirements for licensure are given a license to practice nursing in the state. It is illegal to practice nursing without a license issued by the State Board of Nursing. A nurse does not have the legal right to practice nursing by enrolling in an advanced degree program, filing NCLEX results, or having a letter confirming graduation.

Cognitively skilled nurses are critical thinkers. What are characteristics of a critical thinker? (Select all that apply.) a) Accepting the status quo b) Being open to all points of view c) Thinking "outside the box" d) Thinking based on the opinions of others e) Acting like a "know-it-all" f) Resisting "easy answers" to patient problems

Being open to all points of view • Resisting "easy answers" to patient problems • Thinking "outside the box" Explanation: Being open to all points of view allows for the critical thinker to consider all possibilities when problem-solving. Resisting easy answers provides the critical thinker the opportunity to explore all potential answers when problem-solving, as well as prioritization of the answers. Thinking "outside the box" encourages that the best possible answer to the problem is chosen, rather than relying on the same generic answer that may not work for every situation. Basing thinking on the opinions of others does not foster exploration of new ideas or of critically thinking when problem-solving. Acting like a "know-it-all" prevents the acceptance of new ideas and collaboration. Accepting the status quo does not encourage discourages the principles of critical thinking.

A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse assists the client in bathing and dressing. What role the nurse is engaged in?

Caregiver

A nurse is caring for a client with quadriplegia who is fully conscious and able to communicate. What skills of the nurse would be the most important for this client?

Caring

Which agency focuses on the epidemiology, prevention, control, and treatment of communicable diseases? a) Veterans Administration b) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention c) Indian Health Services d) National Institutes of Health

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Correct Explanation: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta focuses on the epidemiology, prevention, control, and treatment of communicable diseases. The National Institutes of Health engages in funding and conducting various health research activities. The Veterans Administration provides health care to veterans. Indian Health Services is the principal source of support of Native American health care.

The purpose of nursing was shaped by which of the following eras?

Christian era

Which of the following nursing pioneers established the Red Cross in the United States in 1882?

Clara Barton

A registered nurse plans to return to the nursing profession after a long hiatus. Which statement about the trend in health care services would be most important for the nurse to keep in mind?

Clients enter the health care system acutely ill.

A nurse is planning to continue his/her education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which of the following expanded career roles is the nurse preparing?

Clinical Nurse Specialist

A nurse practitioner considering going back to school to obtain a Doctor of Nursing Practice Degree (DNP) anticipates that the main focus of the curriculum will be on which of the following?

Clinical Practice

A nurse is planning to continue their education in the hopes of becoming an expert in geriatric nursing who carries out direct care. For which of the following expanded career roles is the nurse preparing?

Clinical nurse specialist

An oncology nurse with 15 years of experience, certification in the area of oncology nursing, and a master's degree is considered to be an expert in her area of practice and works on an oncology unit in a large teaching hospital. Based upon this description, which of the following career roles best describes this nurse's role, taking into account her qualifications and experience?

Clinical nurse specialist

Clinical nurse specialist Correct Explanation: A clinical nurse specialist is a nurse with an advanced degree, education, or experience who is considered to be an expert in a specialized area of nursing. The clinical nurse specialist carries out direct patient care; consultation; teaching of patients, families, and staff; and research. A nurse practitioner has an advanced degree and works in a variety of settings to deliver primary care. A nurse educator usually has an advanced degree and teaches in the educational or clinical setting. A nurse entrepreneur may manage a clinic or health-related business

While in a discharge planning meeting, the nurse discusses a patient's goals for discharge. The nurse informs the group of the resources that will be needed to achieve these goals in the home environment. What two types of competency is the nurse demonstrating in this scenario?

Cognitive and interpersonal

The nurse has paged a patient's primary care physician because the patient's potassium level this morning is 2.6 mEq/L, a value that the nurse recognizes as a significant threat to the patient's cardiac health. What has the nurse enacted?

Cognitive skills

A registered nurse adheres to the American Nurses Association's standard of professional performance by engaging in which of the following?

Collaboration

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client. The physician has written orders for a pain medication, and the order gives a dosage range for the amount the nurse may give depending on the severity of the client's pain. This type of functioning within the health care team is called:

Collaborative functioning

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client, and administers a pain medication prescribed on a p.r.n. basis by the physician. What best describes the type of intervention the nurse is demonstrating?

Collaborative intervention The administration of a p.r.n. medication requires a physician-prescribed intervention (the medication order) as well as a nurse-prescribed intervention (determining when the order should be carried out and proper administration of the medication); therefore, this action would be considered a collaborative intervention. Nurse-initiated interventions, such as turning and repositioning a client, are described as nurse-prescribed interventions. Physician-directed actions are described as physician-prescribed interventions. Client advocacy refers to communicating the needs and protecting the safety of the client. Interventions are not normally categorized as being independent or dependent.

Which of the following statements accurately decribes the formulation of a nursing diagnosis?

Collection of assessment data provides the basis for identifying nursing diagnoses

A nurse receives an x-ray report on a newly admitted client suspected of having a fractured tibia. The nurse contacts the physician to report the findings. What role is the nurse engaged in?

Communicator

A nurse receives an x-ray report on a newly admitted patient suspected of having a fractured tibia. The nurse contacts the physician to report the findings. What role is the nurse engaged in? a) Caregiver b) Communicator c) Advocate d) Researcher

Communicator Correct Explanation: Nurses are communicators when they report findings to the health care team. Advocacy involves actions such as protecting the patient's safety or rights. Administering care measures directly to the patient demonstrates the caregiver role. Research involves collecting and analyzing data.

Trends in managed care have resulted in an increased focus on the care of patients by nurses in which of the following settings?

Community-Based Settings

A nurse is helping patients access the health insurance marketplace. What is the goal of this health insurance coverage concept? a) Comparison of available health care plans b) Insurance coverage for people needing orphan drugs c) Insurance for the elderly d) Insurance assistance for women and children

Comparison of available health care plans Correct Explanation: The health insurance marketplace was designed to help people more easily find health insurance that fits their budget. Every health insurance plan in the new marketplace must offer comprehensive coverage, from doctors to medications to hospital visits. People can compare all their insurance options in terms of price, benefits, quality, and other features that may be important to them, in plain language that makes sense.

A nursing theory differs from a theoretical framework in which of the following ways? a) Describes cause and effect of nursing actions b) Concepts and propositions are more specific and present or explain some phenomenon systematically c) Concepts are in a meaningful configuration d) Describes ideas about aggregates

Concepts and propositions are more specific and present or explain some phenomenon systematically Correct Explanation: The concepts and propositions of a theory are more specific than those of a theoretical framework.

Nurses in various health care settings provide services to prevent the fragmentation of care that is occurring as a health care trend in today's society. What role of the nurse is most important in preventing this effect? a) Counselor b) Care provision c) Coordinator of care d) Teacher

Coordinator of care Explanation: The most important role of the nurse in preventing fragmentation of care would be coordinator of care. Care coordination is the deliberate organization of patient care activities between two or more participants (including the patient) involved in a patient's care to facilitate the appropriate delivery of healthcare services. The roles of care provider, counselor, and teacher are all important roles, but the priority role is as the coordinator of care.

The goal of healthcare reform is to address which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Cost containment b) Improved access c) Increased quality d) Safety improvement e) Decreased centralization

Cost containment • Improved access • Increased quality Explanation: Cost containment, improved access, and increased quality are goals of healthcare reform. A decrease in centralization is not a goal. Increased centralization is proposed to eliminate wasteful spending on duplicative services. Safety is not a goal of healthcare reform, it is a goal of QSEN (Quality and Saftey Education for Nurses.

A nurse is caring for a client who is a chronic alcoholic. The nurse educates the client about the harmful effects of alcohol and educates the family on how to cope with the client and his alcohol addiction. Which of the following skills is the nurse using?

Counseling

The following are prescriptions on a client's chart. Which of these are using acceptable abbreviations and are correctly stated? Select all that apply. zolpidem 5 mg po at hs psyllium 1 packaged dose po mixed in 8 ounces OJ daily DNR digoxin .125 mg po every day HCTZ 50 mg twice daily obtain clean catch UA

DNR obtain clean catch UA

An ambulatory care center that facilitates socialization, and provides health-related services to seniors who are unable to fully care for themselves is best known by what name? a) Hospital at Home b) Daycare center c) Ambulatory care center d) Extended care center

Daycare center Explanation: Daycare centers provide these services to senior citizens. Ambulatory care is an over-arching category of care centers and clinics that can include psychosocial, physical, and mental health care. Hospital at home care and extended care centers are for patients who require more complex care than can be provided in a day care center.

A nurse should have critical thinking attitudes to develop critical thinking skills. One attitudes the nurse should possess is orderly thinking to do what is best. Which of the following best suits this attitude description? a) Integrity b) Discipline c) Perseverance d) Humility

Discipline Correct Explanation: Following orderly thinking to do what is best is called discipline. Perseverance is staying determined to keep trying until the goal is achieved. Integrity is being honest and willing to adhere to principles in the face of adversity. Humility is admitting one's own limitations

There are various levels of preparation for nursing practice. Which degree program will best prepare a nurse to work as a nurse researcher?

Doctoral

There are various levels of preparation for nursing practice. Which degree program will best prepare a nurse to work as a nurse researcher? a) Master's b) Baccalaureate c) Diploma d) Doctoral

Doctoral Correct Explanation: Nurses with doctoral degrees meet requirements for academic advancement and are prepared to carry out research necessary to advance nursing theory and practice. A master's degree prepares advanced practice nurses to function in educational settings, managerial roles, as clinical specialists, and in various advanced practice areas. Baccalaureate programs provide a general educational base and incorporate the sciences and humanities. Graduates of a diploma program have a strong emphasis on clinical experiences in direct patient care and are prepared to work in acute, long-term, and ambulatory care facilities.

The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was established by whom?

Dorothea Dix

The Nurse Corps of the United States Army was established by whom? a) Dorothea Dix b) Florence Nightingale c) Lillian Wald d) Isabel Hampton Robb

Dorothea Dix Correct Explanation: Dorothea Dix established the Nurse Corps of the United States Army.

Nurses that enlist their services to the military are able to do so thanks to the work of which organizer of health care?

Dorthea Dix Explanation: - While not a nurse, Dix established the Nurse Corps of the United States Army during the Civil War. She was a pioneer for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. - Linda Richards was the first trained nurse to graduate from a nursing program. - Theodor Fliedner opened the first hospital-based school of nursing, and - Florence Nightingale was nursing's first professional leader.

During the clinical rotation, a nurse documents the vital signs of a client on the bedside chart. What role is the nurse playing in such a situation? a) Decision-maker b) Communicator c) Coordinator d) Client advocate

The growth in home health care is largely attributed to which of the following? a) The inability of hospitals to care for an increasing numbers of clients b) Nurses' desire to work in the community c) The nursing shortage in hospitals d) Early discharge of clients from the hospital setting

Early discharge of clients from the hospital setting Explanation: Home health care is one of the most rapidly growing areas of the health care system. The prospective payment system of reimbursement encourages early discharge from the hospital and has created a new, acutely ill population that needs skilled nursing care at home.

A nurse at a health care facility provides information, assistance, and encouragement to clients during the various phases of nursing care. In which of the following activities does the nurse use counseling skills?

Educating a group of young girls about AIDS

Educating a group of young girls about AIDs

The nurse is performing an extensive dressing change on a client with burns. The nurse explains each step as it is being performed. The nurse is acting in which role by providing explanation of each step?

Educator

What is the best nursing intervention to promote health in a client at risk for heart disease?

Emphasizing a client's strengths to encourage weight loss

Which action should the nurse implement when working with a medically homeless client?

Encourage client to utilize the free health care clinic.

Which of the following actions should the nurse implement when working with a medically homeless client?

Encourage client to utilize the free healthcare clinic

Which of the following nursing actions best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health?

Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity.

Which of the following nursing actions best exemplifies the nurse's role in promoting health? a) Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity. b) Administering a beta-adrenergic blocker and diuretic to a client who has a history of hypertension. c) Facilitating a support group for the friends and families of clients affected by stroke. d) Performing deep suctioning on a client who has a tracheotomy and copious secretions.

Encouraging a group of junior high school students to engage in regular physical activity. Correct Explanation: Health promotion involves encouraging individuals to be proactive in taking measures to foster their well-being and maximize optimal functioning. Exercise is one of the most common, and accessible, activities that can help achieve this. Support groups often focus on coping, while treating hypertension pharmacologically, and removing secretions that can threaten oxygenation, help to restore health and prevent illness.

The nurse that has been in practice for 15 years is able to use intuition when providing care to clients and also utilizes resources and demands to attain specific goals. According to Author Patricia Benner, in From Novice to Expert (1984), what stage of practice is the nurse displaying?

Expert

A nurse is engaged in a nurse-client relationship. Which communication techniques would be important for the nurse to avoid? Select all that apply. False reassurance Giving advice Exploring Silence Summarizing

False reassurance Giving advice

Who is considered to be the founder of professional nursing?

Florence Nightingale

The nurse is documenting the client's response to a medication. This action reflects a practice that was started by which key figure in nursing's history?

Florence Nightingale Explanation: - Documentation is an example of maintaining accurate records, a practice that was initiated by Nightingale. - Linda Richards began the practice of keeping the records for a period of time. - Clara Barton established the Red Cross. - Lillian Wald was the founder of public health nursing.

The registered nurse is performing a nutritional assessment to ensure that the client's diet is optimal for wound healing. The nurse's intervention can be traced back to which of nursing's key people's contributions to nursing?

Florence Nightingale Explanation: - Nightingale's contributions to nursing include the recognition of the importance of nutrition to health. - Clara Barton established the Red Cross. - Dorothea Dix was a pioneer for reform of treatment for the mentally ill. - Linda Richards began the practice of keeping records and writing orders.

Who of the following is considered to be the first nursing theorist who conceptualized nursing in terms of manipulating the environment? a) Florence Nightingale b) Lydia Hall c) Dorothea Orem d) Sister Callista Roy

Florence Nightingale Correct Explanation: Florence Nightingale conceptualized the nurse's role as manipulating the environment to facilitate and encourage the reparative process. This would be accomplished by attending to ventilation, warmth, light, diet, cleanliness, and noise.

Who is considered to be the founder of professional nursing? a) Dorothea Dix b) Florence Nightingale c) Clara Barton d) Lillian Wald

Florence Nightingale Correct Explanation: Florence Nightingale is considered to be the founder of professional nursing. She elevated the status of nursing to a respected occupation, improved the quality of nursing care, and founded modern nursing education. Although the other choices are women who were important to the development of nursing, none of them is considered the founder.

Who is considered to be the first nursing researcher? a) Dorothea Dix b) Florence Nightingale c) Lillian Wald d) Clara Barton

Florence Nightingale Correct Explanation: Nursing research has been an integral part of the profession since Florence Nightingale documented the care of soldiers in the Crimean War.

Which of the following theories emphasizes the relationships between the whole and the parts, and describes how parts function and behave? a) General systems theory b) Adaptation theory c) Developmental theory d) Nursing theory

General systems theory Correct Explanation: General systems theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then learn how the parts work together in "systems." Nursing theory attempts to describe, explain, predict, and control desired outcomes of nursing care practices. Adaptation theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. Developmental theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable.

The Standards of Practice provide nurses with what?

Guidelines for providing care

The Standards of Practice provide nurses with what? a) Guidelines for providing care b) Evaluation of care provided by nurses c) Measurement criteria for payment d) Legislation for health care reform

Guidelines for providing care Correct Explanation: Standards of practice are essential because they serve as guidelines for providing and evaluating nursing care.

A client is thinking about changing to another health insurance plan and asks the registered nurse (RN) which plan is best. The RN refers the client to HEDIS, the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set. Which of the following is true about HEDIS? a) Health plans also use HEDIS results themselves in order to set premiums. b) HEDIS is a tool used by more than half of America's health plans to measure performance. c) HEDIS consists of 80 measures across five domains of care. d) HEDIS measures address a narrow, yet vital, range of health issues. Among them are asthma medication use, persistence of beta-blocker treatment after a heart attack, and controlling high blood pressure.

HEDIS consists of 80 measures across five domains of care. Correct Explanation: HEDIS is used by more than 90% of health plans. It is not used to determine premiums. HEDIS measures a vast range of important health issues.

A nurse is helping a patient choose a new health care plan. The patient states that he would prefer to be able to choose his own physician. Which plan would be the least appropriate for this patient based on his stated preferences? a) PPO b) LTC c) HMO d) POS

HMO Explanation: The least appropriate health care plan for this individual would be an HMO. Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are pre-paid, group-managed care plans that allow subscribers to receive all the medical services they require through a group of affiliated providers. The client would not be able to choose the provider in most HMOs. Preferred provider organizations (PPOs) allow a third-party payer (agencies that pay health care providers for services provided to people, such as a health insurance company) to contract with a group of health care providers to provide services at a lower fee in return for prompt payment and a guaranteed volume of patients and services. The client could choose to use a physician within the PPO for a better service fee, or choose a provider outside the PPO, and pay a higher service fee. A point of service (POS) plan is a mix between an HMO and PPO, but the client usually does not have the ability to choose the primary healthcare provider. Long term care (LTC) is not a type of health care plan.

A client presents to a new clinic for care related to a sinus infection. The client cannot choose the provider at the clinic. However, this client can receive all the medical services needed through this provider. The client most likely has what type of insurance coverage? a) Preferred provider organization (PPO) b) Accountable care organization (ACO) c) Health maintenance organization (HMO) d) Out-of-pocket coverage (OOP)

Health maintenance organization (HMO) Correct Explanation: Health maintenance organizations (HMOs) are prepaid, group-managed care plans that allow subscribers to receive all the medical services they require through a group of affiliated providers. There may be no additional out-of-pocket costs, or subscribers may pay only a small fee, called a copayment. An HMO may employ all its providers (including physicians), or it may be a group of clinicians in alliance who provide care as independent practitioners. In most HMOs, the client does not have a choice about health care providers but receives all services from clinicians who are associated with or part of the HMO

Which of the following is the acute care setting for people who are too ill to care for themselves at home, who are severely injured, or who require surgery? a) Day care centers b) Ambulatory care centers c) Primary care centers d) Hospitals

Hospitals Correct Explanation: Hospitals are the most appropriate care provider for people who are too ill to care for themselves at home, who are severely injured, who require surgery/complicated treatments, or who are having babies.

What is the central theme of Betty Newman's nursing theory? a) Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. b) Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. c) Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment. d) Nursing is an art.

Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment. Correct Explanation: Betty Neuman's nursing theory states that humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment. Florence Nightingale believed in meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. Nursing is an art is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach, while Hildegard Peplau believed nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process.

The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of

Illness Prevention

The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of:

Illness Prevention

The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse correctly identifies this action as:

Illness prevention

The nurse recognizes that immunizations are an example of:

Illness prevention

A patient who has limited finances and limited capacity for education requires home healthcare for a chronic illness. For the nurse to provide a high level of care to this patient, she must first a) Determine what care has been provided b) Implement critical-thinking skills c) Develop a relationship with the patient d) Engage the services of a social worker

Implement critical-thinking skills Correct Explanation: Critical thinking requires nurses to choose solutions or identify options for patient care situations.

A nurse manager is teaching staff how to use a new piece of hospital equipment. Which educational setting would be most appropriate for this process?

In-service education

Which of the following is the best example of the nurse implementing QSEN competencies?

Including the client in the morning rounds

Which of the following factors has most influenced how nurses practice their profession?

Increased incidence of chronic illness

A nurse observes that the past five patients referred from a certain community clinic have been treated for drug and/or alcohol overdose. Based on this information, the nurse assumes that the clinic specializes in the treatment of substance abuse. This is an example of what type of reasoning? a) Inductive reasoning b) Nursing process c) Deductive reasoning d) General systems theory

Inductive reasoning Correct Explanation: Inductive theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in "systems." It emphasizes relationships between the whole and the parts and describes how parts function and behave. Reasoning is when the research builds from a specific idea or action to conclusions about general ideas. Deductive reasoning is the opposite of inductive reasoning. Deductive reasoning is research where a general idea is the starting point, then considers specific actions or ideas. General systems theory is an example of an interdisciplinary base for a nursing theory. This theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in "systems." It emphasizes relationships between the whole and the parts and describes how parts function and behave. The nursing process is a five step systematic method used to direct the nurse and patient as they work together to develop a plan of care.

A student has completed a nursing program accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Which of the following is true about the organization?

It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs

A student has completed a nursing program accredited by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education. Which of the following is true about the organization? a) It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs. b) Accreditation is by governmental peer review process. c) It uses state-recognized standards to evaluate the programs. d) It ensures the quality and integrity of diploma nursing programs.

It fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs. Correct Explanation: The Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education fosters continued improvement in nursing education programs. Accreditation is by nongovernmental, peer review process. It ensures the quality and integrity of baccalaureate and graduate nursing programs, not diploma nursing programs. It uses nationally-recognized, not state-recognized, standards to evaluate the programs.

The nurse and a student are discussing entry into the profession of nursing. Which of the following statements should the nurse use to describe a diploma program?

It is obtained by a 24 month program at a hospital

A nurse educator is discussing the role of nursing based on the American Nurses Association (ANA). Which statement best describes this role?

It is the role of nursing to provide a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing.

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War?

Lack of educational standards

What was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession in the United States after the Civil War? a) Lack of influence from nursing leaders b) Lack of educational standards c) Independence of nursing orders d) Hospital-based schools of nursing

Lack of educational standards Correct Explanation: A lack of educational standards was one barrier to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War. Other barriers included a male dominance of health care and the pervading belief that women were dependent on men. The location of nursing schools, a lack of influence from nursing leaders, and independent nursing orders were not barriers to the development of the nursing profession after the Civil War.

What is the ultimate goal of expanding nursing knowledge through nursing research? a) Develop technology to provide hands-on nursing care. b) Learn improved ways to promote and maintain health. c) Apply knowledge to become independent practitioners. d) Become full-fledged partners with other care providers.

Learn improved ways to promote and maintain health. Correct Explanation: The ultimate goal of expanding nursing's body of knowledge through nursing research is to learn improved ways to promote and maintain health. Ongoing practice-based research reflects the nursing profession's commitment to meet the ever-changing demands of health care consumers. While doing research also facilitates the development of technology, helps produce independent practitioners, and provides partnerships with other providers of care, those are not the ultimate goals of nursing research

A prospective nursing student desires a career that will allow him to provide client care and to assist professional nurses with routine technical procedures. The prospective student needs to be employed in a full-time position quickly due to economic hardship. What type of nursing program would best suit this student?

Licensed or vocational nursing program

A class of nursing students is studying the history of nursing. Who does the class learn that the founder of public health nursing is?

Lillian Wald

Who established the first public health service for the sick and poor?

Lillian Wald

Which of the following individuals provided community-based care and founded public health nursing? a) Lillian Wald b) Sojourner Truth c) Adelaide Nutting d) Clara Barton

Lillian Wald Correct Explanation: Lillian Wald established a neighborhood nursing service for the sick and poor in New York City and is considered the founder of public health nursing. The other choices were important to the development of nursing, but not to public health nursing.

A home health nurse is aware that which of the following major factors influence the provision of healthcare in the United States? a) Need for culturally specific healthcare pathways and access to healthcare facilities b) An aging population and insufficient numbers of nurses to meet the needs of clients c) Location of healthcare facilities and the ability to pay for services d) Ability to pay for services and aging of the population

Location of healthcare facilities and the ability to pay for services Explanation: Location of facilities and the ability to pay for services are the major factors that influence the provision of healthcare in the U.S. An aging population, inadequate numbers of RNs in certain geographic areas, and culturally specific healthcare pathways are important considerations, but not major influences in the provision of healthcare.

The nurse in a rehabilitative facility makes certain that her client is participating in group activities that are of interest to him. The nurse is ensuring which client need is met?

Love and belonging

What nursing theorist focuses on rehabilitation as a major outcome of nursing care? a) Jean Watson b) Sr. Callista Roy c) Lydia Hall d) Martha Rogers

Lydia Hall Correct Explanation: The central theme of Lydia Hall's nursing theory has a focus on rehabilitation. The major outcome of nursing care under her theory focuses on rehabilitation and feelings of self-actualization by the patient. Martha Rogers emphasized the science and art of nursing, with the unitary human being central to the discipline of nursing. Jean Watson was concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick. Sr. Callista Roy's theme focused on human beings as biopsychosocial beings existing within an environment.

A nurse practicing in the early Christian period might perform which nursing action characteristic of this era?

Making organized visits to the sick

Nurses provide care for patients as they move throughout the health care system. What are methods used to ensure continuity of care and cost-effective care during this process? (Select all that apply.) a) Managed care b) Rural health centers c) Primary health care d) Case management e) Parish nursing f) Primary care centers

Managed care • Case management • Primary health care Explanation: Methods to ensure continuity of care and cost-effect care would include managed care, case management, and primary health care. Rural health centers are often located in geographically remote areas that have few health care providers. Rural health centers primary focus is providing primary care. Parish nursing is an expanding area of specialty nursing practice that emphasizes holistic health care, health promotion, and disease-prevention activities. The focus of parish nursing is not continuity of care or cost-effective care. Primary care centers services include the diagnosis and treatment of minor illnesses; performing minor surgical procedures; and providing obstetric care, well-child care, counseling, and referrals. The centers primary focus is not continuity of care and cost-effective care.

A nurse wishes to pursue a degree as a nurse practitioner. What is the minimal degree needed by the nurse?

Master's

Amy Jones, a high school senior, wants to become a geriatric nurse practitioner. What nursing degree will she need to attain this goal?

Masters degree

What is the central theme of Florence Nightingale's nursing theory? a) Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment. b) Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. c) Nursing is an art. d) Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process.

Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. Correct Explanation: Florence Nightingale believed in meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. Hildegard Peplau believed nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Nursing is an art is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach, while Betty Neuman's nursing theory states that humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment.

Which of the following are true regarding nursing's role in healthcare reform? Select all that apply. a) Nurses in greater numbers are increasing their education and becoming APRNs b) More nurses now provide primary healthcare services to the underserved, and those in rural areas c) Nursing care is holistic care essential to promoting health and preventing illness d) Nurses are becoming a stronger voice in protesting health-related problems in our nation and proposing solutions e) Nurse-midwives have demonstrated that the rate of C-section deliveries can be reduced to no more than 32% of all deliveries

More nurses now provide primary healthcare services to the underserved, and those in rural areas • Nurses in greater numbers are increasing their education and becoming APRNs • Nursing care is holistic care essential to promoting health and preventing illness • Nurses are becoming a stronger voice in protesting health-related problems in our nation and proposing solutions Correct Explanation: The current rate of c sections is 32%. Women who utilize nurse midwives have a much lower incidence of c section delivery. All other choices are correct

A nurse caring for patients in a hospital setting focuses on ill patients as the center of all nursing activities performed daily. The nurse also provides care based on helping patients to adapt to the hospital environment. This nurse is following the principles of: a) Martha Rogers b) Dorothea Orem c) Florence Nightingale d) Myra E. Levine

Myra E. Levine Correct Explanation: Myra E. Levine is a nursing theorist whose central theme is the emphasis on the ill person in the healthcare setting; describing detailed nursing skills and actions. When applied in the clinical practice, the client is the center of nursing activities, with nursing care provided based on four conservation principles to help clients adapt to their environment. Martha Rogers is a nursing theorist who is known for her theory focus of the individual client being central to the discipline of nursing. Nursing interventions are directed toward repatterning human environment fields or assisting in mobilizing inner resources. Dorothea Orem is a nursing theorist whose central theme is that self-care is a human need, and that self-care deficits require nursing actions. This theory can be applied to clinical practice as viewing nursing as a human service, and that nurses design interventions to provide or to manage self-care actions for sustaining health or recovering from illness or injury. Florence Nightingale, the founder of modern nursing, is also viewed as a nursing theorist. The central theme of Nightingale's work is the meeting of personal needs of the client with the environment. This is applied in clinical practice as concern for the environment of the client, including cleanliness, ventilation, temperature, light, diet, and noise.

Which of the following national nursing organizations serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators?

NLN

Which of the following national nursing organizations serves as a primary source of research data about nursing education, and is the professional organization for nurse educators?

National League for Nursing (NLN)

A client has come to a healthcare facility for a routine Pap smear. Who among the following is qualified to perform the smear? a) Nurse midwife b) Nurse anesthetist c) Nurse educator d) Nurse administrator

Nurse midwife Correct Explanation: A nurse midwife is qualified to perform a routine Pap smear. The nurse anesthetist, nurse administrator, and nurse educator do not perform routine Pap smears. A nurse anesthetist assists an anesthesiologist in providing general anesthesia during surgery. A nurse administrator works as a liaison between the staff members and directors. A nurse educator is a nurse who teaches in nursing programs.

A nurse is thinking about pursuing a master's degree in nursing and is reviewing information about various programs. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find about such programs?

Nurses pursuing such programs require solid scholastic abilities

A nurse is thinking about pursuing a master's degree in nursing (MSN) and is reviewing information about various programs. What would the nurse expect to find about such programs?

Nurses pursuing such programs require solid scholastic abilities.

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?

Nursing Process

What is the central theme of Hildegard Peplau's nursing theory? a) Meeting the personal needs of the client within the environment. b) Nursing is an art. c) Humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment. d) Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process.

Nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Correct Explanation: Hildegard Peplau believed nursing is a therapeutic, interpersonal, and goal-oriented process. Florence Nightingale believed in meeting the personal needs of the patient within the environment. Nursing is an art is the theory of Ernestine Wiedenbach, while Betty Neuman's nursing theory states that humans are in a constant relationship with stressors in the environment.

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice?

Nursing process

What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the patient's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes?

Nursing process

During the first half of the 20th century, a change in the structure of society resulted in changed roles for women and, in turn, for nursing. What was one of these changes? a) Nursing research was conducted and published. b) More women retired from the workforce to raise families. c) Nurses organized to advance health. d) The focus of nursing changed to "hands-on training."

Nursing research was conducted and published. Correct Explanation: As a result of World Wars I and II, women increasingly entered the workforce and sought higher education. At the same time, nursing began to focus more on education than hands-on training, and nursing research was conducted and published. Advancing health is a goal for the 21st century, according to the IOM.

The student nurse is changing the bed linens of a hospitalized patient. While placing the contaminated materials into the laundry bag, the outside of the bag is touched by the material. What should the student nurse do next?

Obtain another laundry bag and place the contaminated bag inside while in the patient's room.

What might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his/her nursing license?

Obtain continuing education credits.

The nurse is caring for a client that is disoriented and places the client in soft wrist restraints to discourage pulling at a nasogastric tube. Which nursing action is appropriate? (Select all that apply.) Obtain order from a licensed provider within 1 hour of restraint application. Withhold information from family regarding restraints due to HIPAA. Check circulation and skin condition every 2 hours. Offer regular, frequent opportunities for toileting. Maintain restraints until discharge.

Obtain order from a licensed provider within 1 hour of restraint application. Check circulation and skin condition every 2 hours. Offer regular, frequent opportunities for toileting.

A registered nurse who is a member of the American Nurses Association (ANA) demonstrates adherence to the ANA's standards of care by participating in which of the following?

Outcome identification

A nurse is documenting client care in the client's health record. When recording the information, which abbreviation would be appropriate for the nurse to use? Select all that apply. D/C per OS PO mL cc

PO mL

Home healthcare is a rapidly growing area of the healthcare system. Factors that have influenced the growth of home healthcare include which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Telehealth and technological support services allow home health agencies to provide complex in-home care. b) In-hospital reimbursement is limited by DRGs and allowed services. c) Home health nursing requires that its nurses are prepared at the advanced practice level. d) Patients have an increased acuity level following earlier hospital discharge. e) Some families do not want their relative institutionalized. f) People are living longer with multiple chronic illnesses.

Patients have an increased acuity level following earlier hospital discharge. • People are living longer with multiple chronic illnesses. • In-hospital reimbursement is limited by DRGs and allowed services. • Some families do not want their relative institutionalized. • Telehealth and technological support services allow home health agencies to provide complex in-home care. Explanation: The growth of home healthcare has been influenced by all the factors listed, except requiring advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs). Home healthcare does not require that its nurses have advanced practice preparation, though home health agencies do employ nurse managers, supervisors, and educators with advanced preparation.

Which of the following research studies would be of most interest to a nurse manager? a) Kleinpell and Ferrans' older intensive-care clients b) Madeleine Leininger's transcultural nursing theory c) Sister Callista Roy's theory on adaptation d) Patricia Benner's From Novice to Expert

Patricia Benner's From Novice to Expert Correct Explanation: Research affects the clinical practice of nurses in all areas, particularly in relation to the goals of nursing. Benner's research will assist a nurse manager to support all levels of his or her staff.

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about the various nursing theorists in preparation for a class exam. The students demonstrate understanding of the material when they identify which theorist as emphasizing the interpersonal interaction between the patient and nurse?

Peplau

There are four concepts common in all nursing theories. Which one of the four concepts is the focus of nursing? a) Health b) Environment c) Nursing d) Person

Person Correct Explanation: The four concepts listed are all common in nursing theory, but the most important—and the focus of nursing—is the person (client).

The student nurse has been assigned to a pediatric hospital floor next week. The student understands that he or she is expected to be able to use the syringe pump with the clinical instructor when giving medications. The student has never used this pump before and is anxious. What is the most appropriate way for the student to lessen the anxiety associated with the clinical rotation? a) Attempt to use the equipment even without practice, eventually it can be figured out. b) Don't stress about it, wait until the day of the rotation and inform the instructor that you do not know how to use the equipment. c) Call other students and ask them about the equipment in order to become more familiar with the procedure. d) Practice using the pump in the lab setting if it is available and with instructor permissio

Practice using the pump in the lab setting if it is available and with instructor permission. Correct Explanation: Nurses are expected to possess certain technical skills in order to function in today's technologically advanced health care setting. Some students have a natural ability to pick up these skills and others need to practice. One of the most appropriate ways for a student to lessen anxiety regarding the use of technical skills is to practice using the equipment and become more familiar with the procedure before the experience occurs. Attempting to use the equipment without instruction can be dangerous to the client. Other students are not the experts at using this equipment and therefore may not be the best resource for information about equipment or procedures. Waiting until the day of the rotation does not lessen anxiety and does not allow the student time for practice.

Medicare uses a prospective payment plan based on diagnosis-related groups (DRGs). What are DRGs? a) A private insurance plan for subscribers who pay a copayment b) A public assistance program for low-income individuals c) Locally supported health care financing, usually by donations d) Predetermined payment for services based on medical diagnoses

Predetermined payment for services based on medical diagnoses Correct Explanation: Medicare, based on DRGs, pays a hospital a fixed amount that is predetermined by the medical diagnosis or specific treatment rather than by the actual cost of hospitalization and care. This plan was put into effect in an effort to control rising health care costs. It is not supported by donations; it is not a public assistance program or a private insurance plan.

A nurse has recently completed the administration of seasonal influenza vaccinations for the residents of a long-term care facility. Which of the following aims of nursing has the most clearly demonstrated?

Preventing illness

Teaching a woman about breast self-examination is an example of what broad aim of nursing?

Preventing illness

Preventing illness Correct Explanation: Vaccinations are one of the most concrete measures that nurses take to prevent illness in patients, as the antibody production that is induced by vaccination actively prevents the recipient from developing the influenza.

Which of the following statements does the student nurse recognize that is true about the benefits of using the Nursing Process? a) Is scientifically based, therefore preventing unwanted connections with the clients b) Promotes clear, efficient, and cost-effective care to provided to all clients c) Allows all clients with the same medical condition to be treated the same d) Can only be used by nurses; therefore, it gives the profession of nursing autonomy and value

Promotes clear, efficient, and cost-effective care to provided to all clients Correct Explanation: When used correctly, the nursing process can enhance the care given to clients by allowing all health care professionals, not just nurses, to provide scientifically based care in a clear and efficient manner that is cost-effective. The nursing process should be holistic and individualized for every client. Nurses should find connections to clients in order to promote the caring aspect of nursing.

Which of the following interpersonal skills is essential to the practice of nursing? a) Maintaining emotional distance from clients and families b) Keeping personal information among shared clients confidential c) Performing technical skills knowledgeably and safely d) Promoting the dignity and respect of patients as people

Promoting the dignity and respect of patients as people Correct Explanation: Characteristics of interpersonal caring that are essential to the practice of nursing include promoting the dignity and respect of clients as people, the centrality of the caring relationship, and a mutual enrichment of both participants in the nurse-client relationship

A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff nurses play

Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility

A licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff nurses play?

Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility

licensed practice nurse (LPN) is working as a staff nurse. What role do the LPNs working as staff nurses play? a) Work only as care providers, team members, and communicators b) Work only in long-term care facilities and at client's homes c) Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility d) Supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units

Provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility Correct Explanation: LPNs working as staff nurses provide direct nursing care to the clients in the health care facility. Staff nurses may work in hospitals, the community, clinics, long-term care facilities, or homes. They work not only as care providers, team members, and communicators but also as decision makers, client advocates, and educators. They do not supervise the work of charge nurses working in different units. Their work is coordinated by the charge nurse or the team leader.

Which of the following is an essential feature of professional nursing? Select all that apply. a) Attention to a range of human experiences and responses to health and illness b) Providing a caring relationship to facilitate health and healing c) Use of judgment and critical thinking to form a medical diagnosis d) Advancement of professional nursing knowledge through scholarly inquiry e) Use of objective data to negate the client's subjective experience

Providing a caring relationship to facilitate health and healing • Attention to a range of human experiences and responses to health and illness • Advancement of professional nursing knowledge through scholarly inquiry Explanation: As the role has changed, definitions of nursing have evolved to acknowledge the following essential features of professional nursing: (1) providing a caring relationship that facilitates health and healing, (2) attention to the range of human experiences and responses to health and illness within the physical and social environments, (3) integration of objective data with knowledge gained from an appreciation of the client's or group's subjective experience, (4) application of scientific knowledge to the processes of diagnosis and treatment through the use of judgment and critical thinking, (5) advancement of professional nursing knowledge through scholarly inquiry, and (6) influence on social and public policy to promote social justice.

During the Christian era, nursing care excluded which area?

Psychiatric services

Which of the following set of terms best describes nursing at the end of the Middle Ages?

Purpose, Direction and Leadership

The diploma nurse is considering obtaining a baccalaureate degree. Which degree should the nurse investigate?

RN to BSN

The nurse is caring for a client that is agitated and combative. What action can the nurse take other than the use of physical restraints? Select all that apply Medicate with benzodiazepines and sleeping agents. Reduce stimulation, noise, and light. Place all four side rails up Provide a safe environment Distract and redirect in a commanding voice. Use simple, clear explanations and directions. Use a large plant or piece of furniture as a barrier to limit wandering from designated area.

Reduce stimulation, noise, and light. Provide a safe environment Use simple, clear explanations and directions. Use a large plant or piece of furniture as a barrier to limit wandering from designated area.

Which of the following nursing interventions would be the most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding?

Refer the mother for a home care visit

Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate for a new mother that calls the nursery for help with breastfeeding?

Refer the mother for a home care visit.

A nurse is providing nursing care in a neighborhood clinic to single, pregnant teens. Which of the following actions is the best example of using the counselor role as a nurse?

Referring a teen who admits having suicidal thoughts to a mental health care specialist

A nurse is providing nursing care in a neighborhood clinic to single, pregnant teens. Which of the following actions is the best example of using the counselor role as a nurse? a) Searching the Internet for information on child care for the teens who wish to return to school b) Conducting a client interview and documenting the information on the client's chart c) Discussing the legal aspects of adoption for teens wishing to place their infants with a family d) Referring a teen who admits having suicidal thoughts to a mental health care specialist

Referring a teen who admits having suicidal thoughts to a mental health care specialist Correct Explanation: The role of the counselor includes making appropriate referrals. Discussing legal issues is the role of the advocate and searching for information on the Internet is the role of a researcher. Conducting a client interview would fall under the role of the caregiver.

What is meant by intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to new meanings and appreciations? a) Evangelization b) Reminiscing c) Reflection d) Memorization

Reflection Correct Explanation: Reflection is defined as those intellectual and affective activities in which individuals engage to explore their experiences in order to lead to new understandings and appreciations

Self-evaluation is a method that nurses use to promote their own development, and to grow in confidence in their nursing roles. This process is referred to as what? a) Assessment of oneself. b) Promoting the nurse's self-esteem. c) Learning from mistakes. d) Reflective practice.

Reflective practice. Correct Explanation: Reflective practice is the use of self-evaluation by nurses committed to quality nursing practice. The others may be additional gains but are not descriptive of self-evaluation.

Which nursing role is the nurse exhibiting when collecting data about the number of urinary tract infections on the nursing unit?

Researcher

Which nursing role is the nurse exhibiting when collecting data about the number of urinary tract infections on the nursing unit? a) Counselor b) Advocate c) Leader d) Researcher

Researcher Correct Explanation: Data collection is part of the research process. As an advocate, the nurse would implement actions to protect the rights of the client. Counseling involves the use of therapeutic, interpersonal communication skills to provide information, make appropriate referrals, and facilitate client problem-solving and decision-making skills. A nurse leader is assertive and self-confident when providing care, effecting change, and functioning within groups.

Which of the following Standards of Professional Performance, as defined by the ANA, has the nurse considering factors related to safety, effectiveness, cost, and the impact on practice in the planning and delivery of nursing services?

Resource Utilization

The nurse employs interpersonal skills of communication when caring for and interacting with clients. Which of the following is the best example of establishing a therapeutic nurse-client relationship? a) Respect for the client, and engaging in open communication in getting to know the client. b) Introduce yourself, and then accomplish nursing care activities efficiently to allow the client to rest. c) Recognize how your approach affects client care, and describe why you have to do things the nursing way. d) Approach the client as part of your job, and complete nursing care quickly to promote comfort.

Respect for the client, and engaging in open communication in getting to know the client. Correct Explanation: Answer A is the best response: Respect for the client's dignity, and establishing a caring relationship is furthered by mutual interchange of communication. Approaching care/client as a job, doing things without client input, and doing things your way and efficiently are not necessarily therapeutic nor do they initiate communication.

The community health nurse performs blood pressure screenings at a senior center twice a month. This activity encompasses which aim of nursing?

Restoring health

The nurse is utilizing knowledge about a blood pressure medication's actions and side effects to determine whether or not to give a client, whose blood pressure is low, the prescribed blood pressure medication. What best describes the aspect of nursing demonstrated?

Science of nursing Explanation: The science of nursing is the knowledge base for the care provided by the nurse. In this example, the nurse is using this knowledge base to decide how best to care for the client by giving or not giving the blood pressure medication. The art of nursing is the application of the knowledge. In this example it would be demonstrated by the nurse actually giving or holding the medication. Quality improvement activities and the conduction of research influence the science and the art of nursing by helping build the body of knowledge that is the science of nursing.

After reviewing several research articles, the clinical nurse specialist on a medical surgical unit rewrites the procedure on assessing placement of a nasogastric tube. What source of nursing knowledge did the nurse use in this situation? a) Scientific knowledge b) Authoritative knowledge c) Philosophical knowledge d) Traditional knowledge

Scientific knowledge Correct Explanation: The clinical nurse specialist utilized scientific knowledge, which is gained through the research-based scientific method. Philosophical knowledge is not a source of nursing knowledge, but is a type of general knowledge. Authoritative knowledge comes from an expert and is accepted as truth based upon the person's perceived expertise. Traditional knowledge is that part of nursing practice passed down from generation to generation and is not based upon scientific inquiry.

Florence Nightingale was a nursing pioneer who challenged prejudices against women and elevated the status of all nurses. Which statement accurately describes one of her accomplishments?

She promoted the publication of books about nursing and health care

The U.S. system of health care is based on an ability to pay for care, which leaves millions of people uninsured or underinsured, with inadequate access to health care. Nurses are often presented with ethical dilemmas when caring for patients and families. Which of the following is an example of an ethical dilemma? Select all that apply. a) All clients are entitled to care, whether they can pay or not, because health care is a right. b) You may have to pay higher insurance premiums to cover the cost of care because you smoke. c) There are free clinics and health programs to serve the poor; they should receive health care there. d) Should the uninsured person, who cannot pay for health care, receive the same care and services as someone who works and pays for insurance?

Should the uninsured person, who cannot pay for health care, receive the same care and services as someone who works and pays for insurance? Correct Explanation: Only answer D suggests an ethical dilemma for which there is no easy answer. Answer A is an assumption that many have about health care. Answer B is a fact, as some health insurance programs charge more for those who smoke. Answer C is an opinion, as although there are some clinics for the poor, health care access is limited.

nurse providing care for patients has a personal philosophy that nursing interventions should be instituted for patients when they demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses. This nurse's philosophy is based on the theory of: a) Jean Watson b) Imogene M. King c) Madeline Leininger d) Sister Callista Roy

Sister Callista Roy Correct Explanation: Sister Callista Roy is a nursing theorist whose work focused on the central theme that humans are biopsychosocial beings existing within an environment. Needs are created within interrelated adaptive modes: physiological self-concept, role function, and interdependence. When individuals demonstrate ineffective adaptive responses, nursing interventions are required. Madeline Leininger is a nursing theorist whose work focused on caring as the central theme of nursing care, nursing knowledge, and nursing practice. The theory, when applied to clinical practice, provides the foundation of transcultural nursing care. Caring improves human conditions and life processes. Imogene M. King is a nursing theorist whose work focused on the central theme that the client is a personal system within a social system; the nurse and the client experience each other and the situation, act and react, and transact. This theory is exhibited in clinical practice as nursing is a process of human interactions as nurses and clients communicate to mutually set goals, and explore and agree on the means to reach those goals. Jean Watson is a nursing theorist who is known for her focus on caring. The central theme of her work is that nursing is concerned with promoting and restoring health, preventing illness, and caring for the sick. Caring is universal and is practiced through interpersonal relationships.

Which explanation differentiates the Registered Nurse (RN) from the Licensed Practical Nurse (LPN)?

The LPN should work under the supervision of an RN.

(see full question) The nurse asks a client about his spiritual health. Which statement best explains the standard of care utilized by the nurse?

The RN collects comprehensive Data

The nurse asks a client about his spiritual health. Which statement best explains the standard of care utilized by the nurse?

The RN collects comprehensive data.

The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse?

The RN coordinates care delivery

The registered nurse communicates with the physical therapist that a client is now on strict bed rest due to bradycardia. Which statement best explains the standard exemplified by the nurse?

The RN coordinates care delivery.

The nurse conducts a home safety assessment for a client. Which statement best explains the standard of care being implemented?

The RN promotes a safe environment.

The Standards of Practice provide nurses with: a) measurement criteria for payment. b) legislation for health care reform. c) evaluation of care provided by nurses. d) guidelines for providing care.

In which of the following ways have cost-containment issues affected the delivery of healthcare in the U.S.? Select all that apply. a) Short- and long-term results of cost-containment measures are undetermined. b) In the past, healthcare focused primarily on prevention of illnesses since it was covered by insurance. c) The U.S. healthcare system has been experiencing a financial crisis. d) The cost of healthcare in the United States has decreased dramatically. e) Historically, payment for healthcare services encouraged the use of expensive services.

The U.S. healthcare system has been experiencing a financial crisis. • Short- and long-term results of cost-containment measures are undetermined. • Historically, payment for healthcare services encouraged the use of expensive services. Correct Explanation: The U.S. healthcare system has been experiencing a financial crisis. Costs have increased dramatically, and some analysts believe that cost-containment measures were implemented too late to reverse the rise in health costs. The actual short-term and long-term results of cost-containment measures remain to be seen. Historically, payment for healthcare services encouraged the use of expensive and sometimes inappropriate or ineffective services. In the past, healthcare focused primarily on the treatment of illnesses rather than prevention because preventive strategies were not covered by health insurance. Competition among hospitals has further fueled the increase in health costs; to attract patients, hospitals have invested huge sums of money in technologically advanced equipment.

The definition of implementation would include which of the following?

The action phase of the nursing process in which nursing care is provided.

The nurse is caring for a client with a new diagnosis of cancer, and allows the client to verbalize fears relating to how to tell the children. The nurse's intervention reflects which aspect of nursing?

The art of nursing

When assessing a client's vital signs, a nursing student has explained to the client each of their next actions prior to assessing the client's temperature, pulse, and blood pressure. However, the nursing student did not announce their intention to assess the client's respiratory rate prior to measuring it. What is the rationale for the nursing student's decision to withhold this information? The client may alter the rate of respirations if the client is aware that his breaths are being counted. The nurse likely assessed the client's respiratory rate simultaneous when counting the heart rate. Temperature, pulse, and blood pressure are more volatile than respiratory rate. Tachypnea is an expected finding among hospitalized individuals.

The client may alter the rate of respirations if the client is aware that his breaths are being counted.

Which activity takes place during the working phase of the nurse-client relationship? Select all that apply. The client participates actively in the relationship. The client genuinely expresses concerns to the nurse. The client identifies the goals accomplished in the relationship. The client describes the role that the nurse plays in the relationship. The client and nurse identify goals of the relationship.

The client participates actively in the relationship. The client genuinely expresses concerns to the nurse.

The client's plan of care is created by the nurse using which guideline for nursing practice? a) ANA Standards of Nursing Practice b) Nurse practice act c) Nursing's Social Policy Statement d) Nursing process

In understanding the historical influences on nursing knowledge, nursing as a profession struggled for years to establish its own identify and to receive recognition for its contributions to health care. Why? a) Nurses spent most of their time in laboratory settings conducting research. b) Women were independent and refused to work collectively. c) Nurses were too busy working in practice to increase the public awareness associated with the role of the nurse. d) The conceptual and theoretical basis for nursing practice came from outside the profession.

The conceptual and theoretical basis for nursing practice came from outside the profession. Correct Explanation: Despite Florence Nightingale's belief in the uniqueness of nursing, the training of nurses was initially carried out under the direction and control of the medical profession. Because the conceptual and theoretical basis for nursing practice came from outside the profession, nursing struggled for years to establish its own identify and to receive recognition for its significant contributions to health care.

A nurse is documenting care for clients in a hospital setting. Which documenting errors may potentially increase the nurse's risk for legal problems? Select all that apply. The content reflects client needs. The content includes descriptions of situations that are out of the ordinary. The content is not in accordance with professional standards. There are lines between the entries. The documentation is not countersigned. Dates and times of entries are omitted.

The content is not in accordance with professional standards. There are lines between the entries. Dates and times of entries are omitted.

The nursei s developing helping relationships with clients during their care. Which statements describe qualities of a helping relationship? Select all that apply. The helping relationship occurs spontaneously. The helping relationship is characterized by an equal sharing of information. The helping relationship is built on the client's needs, not on those of the helping person. A friendship must develop from an effective helping relationship. A helping relationship is dynamic. A helping relationship is purposeful and time limited.

The helping relationship is built on the client's needs, not on those of the helping person. A helping relationship is dynamic. A helping relationship is purposeful and time limited.

Which of the following is the best example of client-centered approach to care?

The nurse asks the client about his health goals.

The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse correctly identifies this action as: a) treatment of disease. b) supportive nursing care. c) illness prevention. d) restorative care.

The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse correctly identifies this action as: a) Restorative care b) Illness prevention c) Supportive nursing care d) Treatment of disease

The nurse is administering immunizations to a group of teens in a county health clinic. The nurse correctly identifies this action as: You selected: Illness prevention Correct Explanation: The aim of illness prevention activities is to reduce the risk for illness, to promote good health habits, and to maintain optimal functioning. Immunization administration is an example of illness prevention. Assisting with crutch walking, and teaching medication administration would be examples of health restoration activities. Administering antibiotics to a patient to treat an infection would be an example of treatment of disease. Hospice care is an example of supportive care.

The nurse is using nonverbal communication when caring for a group of clients. Which situation reflects non-verbal communication? Select all that apply. The nurse is maintaining eye contact when changing a client's dressing The nurse documents on the SBAR form and sends it to the transferring unit The nurse gives a brochure to a client upon discharge The nurse has a smile when being thanked for caring for a family member The nurse is using a quiet tone of voice

The nurse is maintaining eye contact when changing a client's dressing The nurse has a smile when being thanked for caring for a family member The nurse is using a quiet tone of voice

A nurse wishes to advance his or her career and work as a clinical nurse specialist. Which of the following should the nurse keep in mind?

The nurse may teach advanced education for nurses.

Which nursing actions help improve listening skills when conversing with clients? Select all that apply. The nurse sits with the client with arms crossed. The nurse always maintains eye contact with the client in a face-to-face pose. The nurse uses appropriate facial expressions and body gestures to indicate attention to what the client is saying. The nurse thinks before responding to the client, even if this creates a lull in the conversation. The nurse listens for themes in the client's comments. If an action being performed does not allow for conversation, the nurse pretends to listen to the client rather than interrupting the client's conversation.

The nurse uses appropriate facial expressions and body gestures to indicate attention to what the client is saying. The nurse thinks before responding to the client, even if this creates a lull in the conversation. The nurse listens for themes in the client's comments.

Which technique would a nurse employ when using listening skills appropriately when interviewing a client? The nurse would try to avoid body gestures when listening to the client. The nurse would not allow conversation to lapse into periods of silence. The nurse would listen to the themes in the client's comments. The nurse would stand close to the client and maintain eye contact.

The nurse would listen to the themes in the client's comments.

The patient has just received a central venous catheter placed by the physician. Which of the following should the nurse anticipate next?

The patient will have an X-ray to confirm placement of the device.

Of the following, which best explains the importance of theoretic frameworks? a) Theoretic frameworks advance the ethical aspects of practice. b) Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice. c) Theoretic frameworks guide physiologic nursing care. d) Theoretic frameworks guide psychosocial nursing care.

Theoretic frameworks advance nursing knowledge and practice. Correct Explanation: Theoretic frameworks are important to the advancement of nursing knowledge and professional practice.

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse research

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which is true regarding nurse researchers?

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.

A registered nurse wishes to work as a nurse researcher. Which of the following is true regarding nurse researchers?

They are responsible for the continued development and advancement of nursing.

The nurse working with an LPN understands which of the following about LPNs?

They must take a licensure exam

Why are the developmental theories important to nursing practice? a) They explain the importance of legal and ethical care. b) They describe how parts work together as a system. c) They outline the process of human growth and development. d) They define human adaptation to others and to the environment.

They outline the process of human growth and development. Correct Explanation: Developmental theories outline the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death. Nurses apply this knowledge to develop interventions for people across the life span. Systems theory, adaptation theories, and legal/ethical care are also important to nursing, but these do not explain the importance of human growth and development in nursing care.

The nurse is caring for a client after a stroke that left the client's right side weaker than the left. The nurse coordinates the plan of care with the physical therapist. The nurse's interventions reflect which one of nursing's four broad g

To restore health

Why are nursing organizations important for the continued development and improvement of nursing as a whole? a) To set standards for nursing education and practice b) To regulate work activities for members c) To provide socialization and networking for members d) To provide information to nurses about legal requirements

To set standards for nursing education and practice Correct Explanation: Professional organizations set educational and practice standards for nursing education and practice. They also are concerned with current issues in nursing and health care, and influence health care policy and legislation. Although professional organizations may provide outlets for networking, regulate work activities, and provide information about legal requirements, setting standards for education and practice is a primary focus.

Training schools for nurses were established in the United States after the Civil War. The standards of U.S. schools deviated from those of the Nightingale paradigm. Which of the following statements is true about U.S. training schools?

Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees

Training schools eliminated the need to pay employees.

The nurse is interviewing a client who is newly admitted to the unit. Which techniques used by the nurse will facilitate communication during the interview? Select all that apply. Use broad opening statements. Share observations. Use silence. Use reassuring clichés. Give approval.

Use broad opening statements. Share observations. Use silence.

Florence Nightingale classified sick nursing as

Use of client's reparative processes

Florence Nightingale classified sick nursing as a) Care of the dying client b) Use of client's reparative processes c) Addressing the community problems d) Implementation of restorative processes

Use of client's reparative processes Correct Explanation: Nightingale viewed sick nursing as helping clients use their own reparative processes to get well.

The nurse is orienting a new graduate nurse and reviewing documentation. Which documentation performance would include best practices for charting? Select all that apply. Use long narratives to be sure that the documentation is understood. Always use complete sentences. Use only approved abbreviations. Always use the client's name and words referring to the client in each entry. Use partial sentences and phrases.

Use only approved abbreviations. Use partial sentences and phrases.

Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree? a) Using research findings to improve practice b) Administering medications as prescribed c) Collaborating with other health care providers d) Providing direct physical care

Using research findings to improve practice Correct Explanation: Nurses with baccalaureate degrees are expected to use research findings to improve practice. Graduates from vocational, diploma, and associate degree programs do not have coursework in nursing research and are not expected to independently use it in clinical practice. Nurses from all levels of education provide direct care, administer medications, and collaborate with other health care providers.

A physician tells the nurse that nursing is a discipline, but not a profession. Which criteria should the nurse utilize to demonstrate that nursing is increasingly recognized as a profession? Select all that apply. Well-defined body of knowledge Code of ethics Ongoing research Regulation by the medical profession Sets standards

Well-defined body of knowledge Code of ethics Ongoing research Sets standards

What guidelines do nurses follow to identify the client's health care needs and strengths, to establish and carry out a plan of care to meet those needs, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the plan to meet established outcomes? a) Nursing process b) ANA Standards of Professional Performance c) Evidence-based practice guidelines d) Nurse Practice Acts

During the Reformation, what factor influenced the decline of nursing?

Women's subordination to men

The RN is working with hospital administrators to transform care at their facility. Which nursing competency will be critical for the nurse to utilize?

Work effectively in interdisciplinary teams

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time?

World War II

The need for university-based nursing education programs was brought to light during which important historical time? a) World War II b) Spanish American War c) World War I d) Korean War

World War II Correct Explanation: Esther Lucille Brown, in her report on nursing education published at that time, wrote that nursing education belonged in colleges and universities, not in hospitals.

A nurse is caring for a young victim of a terrorist attack. During the rehabilitative process, the nurse assists the client in bathing and dressing. What role the nurse is engaged in? a) Counselor b) Advocate c) Educator d) Caregiver

You selected: Caregiver Correct Explanation: As providers of care, nurses assume responsibility for helping clients promote, restore, and maintain health and wellness. Communicating the client's needs and concerns, and protecting the client's rights are components of the advocacy role of nursing. The nurse is simply assisting in hygiene measures; no education or counseling is being provided.

You selected: Counseling Correct Explanation: The nurse is using counseling skills to educate the client about the harmful effects of alcohol. The nurse can also suggest rehabilitative care for the client. The nurse uses therapeutic communication techniques to encourage verbal expression and to understand the client's perspective. Caring, comforting, and assessment may require active listening, but counseling is based upon the active listening and interaction between the client and the counselor.

Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses is a component of: a state's nurse practice act. the ANA Standards of Practice. the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Healthy People 2020 document. evidence-based practice.

a state's nurse practice act.

Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses is a component of: a) the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services' Healthy People 2010 document. b) evidence-based practice. c) a state's nurse practice act. d) the ANA Standards of Practice.

a state's nurse practice act. Correct Explanation: While nurse practice acts vary from state to state, they typically specify the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses. The ANA Standards of Practice and Healthy People 2010 do not address such legal and licensure issues. The philosophy of evidence-based practice does not encompass specific criteria for educating and licensing nurses.

A nurse observes that certain patients have less pain after procedures than do others, and forms a theory of why this happens. What is a theory? a) an understanding borrowed from other disciplines b) a "best guess" based on intangible ideas c) a statement of an occurrence based on observed facts d) a concept used to directly prove a fact or a group of facts

a statement of an occurrence based on observed facts Correct Explanation: A theory is a group of concepts that describes or explains a process, an occurrence, or an event and is based on observed facts. A theory cannot be proven directly or absolutely, as can a fact.

Establishing the criteria for the education and licensure of nurses is a component of:

a states nurse practice act

A registered nurse (RN) is caring for four clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which task is most appropriate for the nurse to delegate to the licensed practical nurse (LPN)?

administering bedside blood glucose testing

A client admitted to the telemetry floor informs the nurse that he has an advance directive and does not wish to be resuscitated if his heart stops beating. The client takes a copy of the advance directive from his wallet and hands it to the nurse. The nurse documents on the electronic chart that the client has an advance directive, makes a copy of the advance directive, and immediately informs the patient's physician. In this situation, what is the nursing role demonstrated by the nurse?

advocate

The student nurse is practicing communication skills by talking with several different clients in the hospital. In which instances would silence be appropriate? Select all that apply. allowing the client time to reflect on his thoughts reflecting on the communication that has occurred after asking the client a question when the client is upset and needs time to compose himself when the nurse doesn't know the answer to a question

allowing the client time to reflect on his thoughts reflecting on the communication that has occurred after asking the client a question when the client is upset and needs time to compose himself

The nurse is preparing to measure a client's rectal temperature. Which supplies and equipment should the nurse have available before beginning the procedure? Select all that apply. an electronic thermometer with a rectal probe disposable probe cover water-soluble lubricating gel sterile gloves a bedpan

an electronic thermometer with a rectal probe disposable probe cover water-soluble lubricating gel

A nurse is assigned the care of a client who has been admitted to the health care facility with high fever. Which nursing skill should be put into practice at the first contact with the client?

assessment

assessment skills

A nurse precepting second year nursing students from a community college plans clinical experiences for students who will most likely graduate in which timeframe?

at the end of the year

You are assigned to care for a difficult patient with multiple nursing treatments and a complex dressing change. The nurse manager observes you beginning to change the dressing, and notes that you have applied sterile gloves to remove the patient's dressing. The nurse manager asks if you will need another pair of sterile gloves. As soon as she asks this, you realize that you should have put on non-sterile gloves for dressing removal. You acknowledge her and state that you will need another sterile pair of gloves. This is an example of a nurse who is: a) being fair-minded. b) being intellectually humble. c) thinking independently. d) demonstrating confidence.

being intellectually humble. Correct Explanation: Being intellectually humble means the nurse is open and willing to learn. In this situation the nurse accepts the question as an opportunity to learn and correct/avoid a potential error. All other definitions do not describe what is needed in the situation.

What phrase best describes the science of nursing? a) application of clinical skills b) art of individualized nursing c) holistic patient care d) body of nursing knowledge

body of nursing knowledge Correct Explanation: The body of knowledge, called a knowledge base or the science of nursing, provides the rationale for nursing interventions in clinical nursing practice. The science of nursing provides the nurse with the knowledge and skills to provide individualized and holistic patient care.

The nurse is caring for several clients on a telemetry unit. Which clients' pulse rates need to be assessed for 1 full minute? Select all that apply. clients with abnormally slow pulse rates clients with regular rhythms clients with irregular pulse rates clients recovering from anesthesia clients with fast pulse rates

clients with abnormally slow pulse rates clients with irregular pulse rates clients with fast pulse rates

During discharge planning, the nurse is assessing home safety for a client who has repeatedly fallen. Which condition increases the client's risk for falls? Select all that apply. climbs two flights of stairway to get to his bedroom prefers to use the bathtub when taking a bath drinks 2 shots of alcoholic beverages before dinner takes a diuretic pill early in the morning uses non-skid socks all day

climbs two flights of stairway to get to his bedroom prefers to use the bathtub when taking a bath drinks 2 shots of alcoholic beverages before dinner takes a diuretic pill early in the morning

During the clinical rotation, a nurse documents the vital signs of a client on the bedside chart. What role is the nurse playing in such a situation?

communicator

Trends in managed care have resulted in an increased focus on the care of patients by nurses in which of the following settings?

community based settings

One of the nursing achievements in the Crimean War was that the death rate of soldiers dropped from 60% to 1%. What is the most appropriate reason for the fall in the death rate?

decreased rate of infection and gangrene

It is acceptable for the nurse to accept a verbal order from the physician in which situation? during a medical emergency upon admission of the client to the unit immediately prior to discharge prior to the client leaving the floor for therapy

during a medical emergency

A nurse is caring for a client with orthostatic hypotension. Which nursing interventions are appropriate to decrease the risk of falls? Select all that apply. encourage oral fluid intake encourage slow movement from the bed to the chair encourage intake of protein-rich foods encourage removal of compression stockings encourage the client to use the call light prior to getting out of bed encourage the use of the call light for help to the bathroom

encourage oral fluid intake encourage slow movement from the bed to the chair encourage the client to use the call light prior to getting out of bed encourage the use of the call light for help to the bathroom

A man age 61 years is distraught because he has just learned that his most recent computed tomography (CT) scan shows that his colon cancer has metastasized to his lungs. Which of the following nursing aims should the nurse prioritize in the immediate care of this patient?

facilitating coping

A patient who requires treatment for breast cancer is referred to an oncologist. She is receiving chemotherapy at a hospital and interacts with many other healthcare providers in the course of her treatment. What is the confusion that might arise concerning her treatment and care is a problem known as? a) fragmentation of care b) cost containment c) healthcare rationing d) knowledgeable consumers

fragmentation of care Correct Explanation: A patient with cancer may be cared for by the family physician, an oncologist, and other healthcare staff. Hospitalized patients not only come in contact with many different healthcare providers (e.g., RNs, LPNs, nursing assistants, nurse specialists, PTs, RDs, and students), but also are frequently seen by other physician specialists who are called in on consultation or to do surgery. This can cause patients to become confused about care and treatments. This fragmentation of care can lead to a loss of continuity of care, resulting in conflicting plans of care, too much or too little medication, and higher healthcare costs.

Breaking the healthcare community into separate entities (such as the medical community, the nursing staff, management, support staff) and analyzing how they work as a whole together is an example of which nursing theory? a) general systems theory b) compartment theory c) developmental theory d) adaptation theory

general systems theory Correct Explanation: The general systems theory describes how to break whole things into parts and then to learn how the parts work together in "systems." It emphasizes relationships between the whole and the parts and describes how parts function and behave. The adaptation theory defines adaptation as the adjustment of living matter to other living things and to environmental conditions. The developmental theory outlines the process of growth and development of humans as orderly and predictable, beginning with conception and ending with death. Compartment theory is not a nursing theory.

What are the values of the caring, professional nurse identified by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN)? Select all that apply. sympathy integrity human dignity self-sacrifice autonomy

integrity human dignity autonomy

The police have brought a patient to emergency who is out of control and was attacking his neighbor. As you begin the admission process, the first nursing action would be to: a) ask him how he is feeling. b) search the patient for concealed weapons. c) orient him to his surroundings. d) introduce yourself to the patient.

introduce yourself to the patient. Correct Explanation: It is important for the nurse to first introduce her/himself and make contact, rather than search for weapons (weapons search is a police responsibility), ask how he's feeling, or orient him. Introduction is the first step in establishing a helping relationship.

Amy Jones, a high school senior, wants to become a geriatric nurse practitioner. What nursing degree will she need to attain this goal? a) baccalaureate degree b) associate degree c) master's degree d) licensed practical nurse

master's degree Correct Explanation: A nurse must have an advanced degree (master's in nursing) to become a nurse practitioner. The other levels of preparation do not provide adequate advanced knowledge and skills for the responsibilities of a nurse practitioner.

Which characteristic would indicate a professional relationship? Select all that apply. focus on both parties involved needs reflective of the current situation open self-disclosure by the nurse relationship terminated with goal achievement assessment of needs for enjoyment

needs reflective of the current situation relationship terminated with goal achievement

A client has come to a healthcare facility for a routine Pap smear. Who among the following is qualified to perform the smear?

nurse midwife

Which of the following might a nurse need to do to ensure the continuation of his/her nursing license?

obtain continuing education credits

Which of the following group of terms best describes the nursing process? a) patient-centered, systematic, outcomes-oriented b) family-centered, single point in time, intuitive c) nursing goals, medical terminology, linear d) nurse-centered, single focus, blended skills

patient-centered, systematic, outcomes-oriented Correct Explanation: The nursing process is a patient-centered, systematic, outcomes-oriented method of caring that provides a framework for nursing practice. It is nursing practice in action.

Teaching a woman about breast self examination is an example of what broad aim of nursing

preventing illness

Use of the nursing process in healthcare allows the nurse to address the needs of the client. The nursing process: a) targets desired outcomes for particular illnesses, procedures, or conditions. b) was developed for use by students in nursing assignments. c) is a method of nursing established in 1955. d) provides a universally applicable framework for nursing activities.

provides a universally applicable framework for nursing activities. Correct Explanation: The nursing process can be used with all clients, sick or well, of all ages and in all settings. The nursing process was not developed in 1955 nor designed for use by students in their assignments. Critical pathways target desired outcomes for particular illnesses, procedures, or conditions.

When taking a telephone order from a physician, the nurse verifies that they understand the order by: repeating the order back to the physician. faxing the written order to the physician's office. asking the physician to summarize the orders given. confirming the order with the nurse manager.

repeating the order back to the physician.

Personal characteristics demonstrate that one has developed critical thinking. Characteristics of critical thinking include: a) self-aware, honest, persistent, and authentic. b) creative, oriented to success, self-determination, and perfection. c) curious, other-directed, fallible, and humble. d) resilient, authoritative, reactive, and private.

self-aware, honest, persistent, and authentic. Correct Explanation: The characteristics of critical thinking include: self-aware, genuine/authentic, effective communicator, curious/inquisitive, confident/resilient, honest, creative, proactive, persistent, and improvement oriented.

The nurse wants to find out if ordering physical therapy for a client is within the scope of nursing practice. Which of the following should the nurse review?

state nurse practice act

Which of the following is the best example of a nurse demonstrating the role of caregiver?

tarting an IV line in the clients arm

A nurse is providing care for clients in a long-term care facility. Based on the definitions of nursing in the textbook, what should be the central focus of this care?

the client receiving the care

The nurse is assessing a new client's blood pressure, using a manual sphygmomanometer. Which sound constitutes the client's systolic blood pressure? the first appearance of faint but distinctive tapping sounds the last sound before there is complete and continuous silence the first sound that is audible after the auscultatory gap the transition from tapping sounds to muffled sounds

the first appearance of faint but distinctive tapping sounds

What is the primary purpose of standards of nursing practice?

to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care

What is the primary purpose of standards of nursing practice? a) to establish nursing as a profession and a discipline b) to enable nurses to have a voice in healthcare policy c) to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care d) to provide a method by which nurses perform skills safely

to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive nursing care Correct Explanation: Each nurse is accountable for his or her own quality of practice and is responsible for using standards to ensure knowledgeable, safe, comprehensive care. Standards of practice do not provide the ability to safely perform skills, establish nursing as a profession and discipline, or enable nurses to have a voice in healthcare policy.

When communicating with a client, the nurse uses reflection for which purpose? to have the client elaborate on thoughts and feelings to determine the sequence of events in the conversation to investigate the situation to help problem solve to keep the client on the topic of concern

to have the client elaborate on thoughts and feelings The reflective question technique involves repeating what the person has said or describing the person's feelings. It encourages patients to elaborate on their thoughts and feelings. Exploring helps clients express their concerns and solve their problems by investigating the situation, exploring how they feel about it, and what some alternatives might be. Focusing helps the client stay on the topic. Sequencing determines events in chronological order.

Although all of the following are nursing responsibilities, which one would be expected of a nurse with a baccalaureate degree?

use research findings to improve practice

Long-term care is often needed for the elderly client. Select all the services that may be provided to the resident in a long-term care facility. a) Immediate post-op care b) Assistance with activities of daily living c) Mental disability services d) Day care meals and services e) Nonmedical care for chronic illness

• Assistance with activities of daily living • Mental disability services • Nonmedical care for chronic illness Explanation: Acute/immediate post-op care is a specific need/care immediately following surgery/procedures and is completed at the facility. Day care meals and services are separate services and are not provided to residents in a long-term-care facility. All the others are part of what a long-term care facility provides.

The Public Health Service (PHS) is a federal agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The professional nurse is aware that the services provided by the PHS include which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Veterans Administration (VA) hospitals b) Care in federal prisons c) Care to migrant workers d) Indian Health Services

• Care to migrant workers • Care in federal prisons • Indian Health Services Explanation: The Public Health Services provides all of these services and others, except the Veterans Administration Hospitals. VA hospitals are supported by government-operated health care, not the PHS.

Nursing theories are important as they are all directed toward improved client care. Which of the following are goals of nursing theory? (Select all that apply.) a) Provides knowledge and a rationale for client interventions b) Increases the nursing body of knowledge c) Provides a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation d) Provides a definition for nursing e) Identifies and defines concepts that are important to nursing

• Identifies and defines concepts that are important to nursing • Provides a rationale for appropriate nursing actions in a given situation • Provides knowledge and a rationale for client interventions • Increases the nursing body of knowledge Correct Explanation: Nursing theory does not provide a precise definition of nursing, but does direct nursing to a common goal. The other statements are all true with regard to the goals of nursing theory.

Health care costs are increasing as technology and related services increase. Patients interact with many health care providers, such as RNs, LPNs, physicians, physical therapists, medical technologists, radiation technologists, specialists, and others employed in health care. As a result of the complexity of care and multiple providers, health care is becoming fragmented. What are the major results of fragmented care? a) Less confusion for clients regarding treatment. b) Lack of continuity of care. c) Increased medication errors. d) Clients receive more specialized care.

• Increased medication errors. • Lack of continuity of care. • Clients receive more specialized care. Correct Explanation: Fragmented care increases health care costs and the number of providers/specialists seeing the client. A lack of continuity of care often results, increasing the client's confusion, and medication errors may increase. Although clients often receive specialized care and services, there may be conflicting care plans.

Which of the following is a characteristic of primary healthcare? Select all that apply. a) It is essential healthcare based on sound methods and technology. b) It does not require the full participation of the individual and family. c) It is the same concept as primary healthcare in that it refers to the delivery of healthcare. d) It brings healthcare as close as possible to where people live and work. e) It is made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community.

• It is essential healthcare based on sound methods and technology. • It is made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community. • It brings healthcare as close as possible to where people live and work. Correct Explanation: Primary healthcare is defined as essential healthcare based on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods and technology, made universally accessible to individuals and families in the community through their full participation and at a cost the community can afford. It brings healthcare as close as possible to where people live and work. Primary healthcare should not be confused with primary care. Primary care is the delivery of healthcare services, including the initial contact and ongoing care. Primary healthcare emphasizes universal access and affordability of healthcare, health of the whole population, and consumer involvement. Primary healthcare was originally conceptualized in 1978 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). The concept was developed based on decreases in illness and death in member countries that were achieved by simple, local, inexpensive solutions to health problems, especially when combined with economic and social development.

A nurse provides care for patients in a primary care center. What are typical roles of a nurse in this type of facility? (Select all that apply.) a) Managing members of the health care team b) Performing in-service education c) Performing technical procedures d) Making health assessments e) Providing health education f) Researching nursing issues

• Making health assessments • Performing technical procedures • Providing health education Explanation: The typical roles of a nurse in a primary care center are making health assessments, performing technical procedures, and providing health education. The typical roles do not include performing in-service education, managing members of the health care team, or researching nursing issues.

What does the nurse recognize is characteristic of Benner's theory of "The Helping Role of the Nurse"? Select all that apply. a) Providing comfort and communication through touch b) Maximizing the client's participation and control in his or her recovery c) Enabling: informing, supporting, focusing, generating alternatives, validating d) Creating a climate for establishing a commitment to healing e) Transpersonal teaching-learning

• Maximizing the client's participation and control in his or her recovery • Creating a climate for establishing a commitment to healing • Providing comfort and communication through touch Correct Explanation: Benner's theory of "The Helping Role of the Nurse" is categorized by a climate that is established with a commitment to heal, thereby maximizing the client's participation in care delivery, and the provision of comfort and communication through touch. Swanson's Caring Process involves enabling and Watson's Carative Factors includes the concept of Transpersonal teaching-learning.

In today's healthcare environment nurses use theories to guide all stages of the nursing process. Which of the following are examples of ways that a nurse can utilize theories to guide client care? (Select all that apply.) a) Collect client data. b) Make client assignments on the unit. c) Classify client data. d) Analyze client situations. e) Organize client information.

• Organize client information. • Collect client data. • Analyze client situations. • Classify client data. Correct Explanation: Assignments on a clinical unit are made by utilizing acuity systems or delegation rather than being based in nursing theory. The other choices are all examples of ways that theory can guide client care.

A nurse educator correctly states that which of the behaviors are characteristic of nurses who are critical thinkers? Select all that apply. a) Responsible and accountable for own actions b) Alert to context so that the need for modification can be identified and changes to the plan of care can be made c) Overly sensitive so that problems are addressed in a timely fashion d) Inflexible when it comes to the care of the client to ensure that the client meets the desired outcome e) Persistent when delivering care to all clients in order to complete all measures during a shift

• Responsible and accountable for own actions • Alert to context so that the need for modification can be identified and changes to the plan of care can be made Correct Explanation: Critical thinkers have many identifiable attributes, but some of them include being alert for changes that occur and being responsible and accountable for all actions. The critical thinker needs to be flexible to adjust to diversity, sensitive to diversity but not overly so, and persistent but patient realizing that not all things may happen during a shift.

The PHS (public health service) of the U.S. includes which of the following? Select all that apply. a) Prison-based healthcare b) Veterans Administration c) The NIH d) The CDC

• The CDC • The NIH • Prison-based healthcare Explanation: The Centers for Disease Control, the National Institute of Health, and prison-based healthcare are all part of the public health service. The Veteran's Administration is a separate entity.

A nursing student has been asked to correlate her clinical experiences with two different theories of nursing. The student will recognize that which of the following concepts are common to all theories of nursing? Select all that apply. a) Nursing b) The client c) Illness d) The environment e) Needs

• The environment • The client • Nursing Correct Explanation: While nursing theories vary significantly in their conceptualizations, the elements that are common to all include the client (person), the environment, health, and nursing. The concepts of needs and illness are addressed by some theories but these are not explicitly defined by other theories.

Which of the following are characteristics of nursing theories? Select all that apply. a) They provide a base for discussion of nursing issues. b) They provide rational reasons for nursing interventions. c) They provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses. d) They help resolve current nursing issues and establish trends. e) They are based on descriptions of what nursing should be.

• They provide a base for discussion of nursing issues. • They help resolve current nursing issues and establish trends. • They provide rational reasons for nursing interventions. • They provide a knowledge base for appropriate nursing responses. Correct Explanation: Nursing theory provides rational and knowledgeable reasons for nursing interventions, based on descriptions of what nursing is and what nurses do. Additionally, nursing theory gives nurses the knowledge base necessary for acting and responding appropriately in various situations. It also provides a base for discussion, and, ideally, helps resolve current nursing issues. Nursing theories should be simple and general; simple terminology and broadly applicable concepts ensure their usefulness in a wide variety of nursing practice situations.

A nurse is considering accepting a new position in an ambulatory care center. Which of the following roles does the nurse understand are likely in this setting? Select all that apply. a) Assisting with minor surgical procedures b) Prescribing medications c) Triaging walk-in clients d) Performing physical assessments e) Teaching clients about wellness and illness

• Triaging walk-in clients • Teaching clients about wellness and illness • Assisting with minor surgical procedures • Performing physical assessments Explanation: Prioritizing patient care tasks, teaching, assisting in surgery, and performing physical assessments are all within the registered nurse's (RN) scope of practice. Prescribing medications is outside the RN scope of practice.

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