Free's Exam Review
Which excerpt from the Declaration of Independence describes the enlightenment idea of natural rights?
"All men are created equal, that they are endowned by their creator with... Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
The congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among several states, and without regard to any census or enumeration.
16th Amendment
The senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the people thereof, for six years; and each Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State.
17th Amendment
After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited.
18th Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.
19th Amendment
The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby repealed.
21st Amendment
Which of the following were Americans most fearful of during the Red Scare?
A communist takeover of the country.
Which of the following lead to a decrease in the price of beef and helped to end the open range?
A surplus of cattle.
Negotiation between employers and an organized group of employees on conditions of employment, such as wages or hours.
Collective Bargaining
An economic political system based on one-party government and state ownership of property.
Communism
Why did the United States fail to ratify the Treaty of Versailles?
Congressional leaders feared that U.S. soldiers would be used to fight more war overseas.
A person who refuses, on moral grounds, to participate in warfare.
Conscientious Objectors
A preoccupation with the purchasing of material goods or acquiring goods in ever-greater amounts.
Consumerism
An arrangement in which a buyer pays later for a purchase, often on an installment plan with interest charges.
Credit
The U.S. policy of using the nation's economic power to exert influence over other countries.
Dollar Diplomacy
Top U.S. general in the Pacific, created island hopping, and in charge of the U.S. occupation of Japan after World War 2.
Douglas MacArthur
A measure based on the prices of the stocks of 30 large companies, widely used as a barometer of the stock market's health.
Dow Jones Industrial Average
The region, including Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, and New Mexico, that was made worthless for farming by drought and dust storms during the 1930s.
Dust Bowl
Top U.S. general in Europe, in charge of all Allied (British, French, and U.S.) forces, and planned the D-Day invasion of France.
Dwight D. Eisenhower
Democratic U.S. president from 1933-1945, who uses the New Deal to attempted to get the U.S. out of the Great Depression; ends prohibition and creates social security.
Franklin D. Roosevelt
Where did people who needed relief during the Great Depression most generally obtain help?
From other families.
Why did popular opinion in the United States start to turn against Germany in 1915?
German U-boats attacked ships containing U.S. citizens.
Why was the U.S. public outraged by the Zimmerman note?
Germany offered help regaining U.S. territory in exchange for Mexico becoming an ally.
A period, lasting from 1929 to 1940, in which the U.S. economy was in severe decline and millions of Americans were unemployed.
Great Depression
The large - scale movement of African Americans from the South to northern cities in the early 20th century.
Great Migration
Democratic president who signed the Interstate Commerse Act, used federal troops to end the Pullman Strike, vetoed 414 bills in his first term, and only non-consecutive term president.
Grover Cleveland
Which one was NOT created by the U.S. constitution?
Guaranteed basic citizen rights.
A flowering of African Americans artistic creativity during the 1920s, centered in the Harlem Community of New York City.
Harlem Renaissance
U.S. president at the end of World War 2, who decides to use the atomic bomb on Japan and helps form the United Nations.
Harry S. Truman
Why did Theodore Roosevelt receive the Nobel Peace prize in 1906?
He helped negotiate the end of the war between Russia and Japan.
Republican U.S. president during stock market crash, the Great Depression and worldwide Depression. Will wrongly receive most of the blame for the Great Depression.
Herbert Hoover
What caused Hoover to take cautious steps in his approach to the Great Depression?
His political philosophy.
What was one factor that contributed to the urbanization of the United States in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Immigrants settled mainly in cities.
The policy of extending a nation's authority over other countries by economic, political, or military means.
Imperialism
Confinement or a restriction in movement, especially under wartime conditions.
Internment
Opposition to political and economic entanglements with other countries.
Isolationism
Why did the radio become the most powerful communications media to emerge in the 1920s?
It created a shared national experience of hearing the news as it happened.
How did U.S. government change its policy toward Native American land during the 1850s?
It created new treaties that defined specific boundaries for each tribe.
How did the Treaty of Versailles treat Germany following World War 1?
It forced Germany to pay damages to the Allies and admit guilt in causing the war.
How did Theodore Roosevelt's decision to run for president in 1912 affect the Republican Party?
It led to a further split between progressive and conservative Republicans.
Why was the interstate commerce act in 1887 significant?
It marked the first time the federal government regulated an industry.
Why was the Supreme Court's decision in the case of Plessy v. Ferguson important?
It permitted legalized racial segregation for many years.
Why did reformers consider the practice of patronage to be a bad idea?
It prevented the most qualified people from getting civil service jobs.
Why did big businesses favor tariffs?
It reduced competition from foreign companies.
How did Germany's taking over of Austria and the Sudetenland fulfill a Nazi goal?
It united German-speaking people in one country.
What was the significance of "The Federalist"?
It was a convincing commentary on the meaning of the Constitution.
Cofounder of Hull House, the first social service center in the United States located in Chicago. later she will push for equal rights for women and African Americans, joining the NAACP.
Jane Addams
Laws enacted by southern state and local governments to separate white and black people in public and private facilities.
Jim Crow
Created standard oil company, a monopoly in the oil industry by forming trusts. At his peak controlled 90% of US oil refining becoming the richest man in US history.
John D. Rockefeller
In French meaning to "let do"; a form of capitalism that allows companies to conduct business without interruption by the government.
Laissez-faire
Which of the following is an action that the Federal Reserve could take to help a struggling economy?
Lowering interest rates.
According to the Homestead act, in order to be granted full ownership of land, homesteaders had to___________________
Make improvements of the land.
Why was much of the prosperity of the 1920s more superficial than real?
Many people were living beyond their means.
President Franklin Roosevelt's program to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression, focusing on relief for the needy, economic recovery, and financial reform.
New Deal
Messages sent by secretary of State John Hay in 1899 to Germany, Russia, Great Britain, France, Italy, and Japan, asking other countries not to interfere with U.S. trading rights in China.
Open Door Notes
A law, enacted in 1833, that established a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to government jobs by means of the merit system.
Pendleton Civil Service Act
Why were Supreme Court's rulings in the 1901 Insular cases significant?
People in acquired territories didn't have automatic protection under the Constitution.
What is the first thing that immigrants at Ellis island encountered once they got off the ship?
Physical examination by a medical professional.
An 1896 case in which the Supreme ruled that separation of the races in public accommodations was legal, thus establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine.
Plessy v. Ferguson
An organized group that controls a political party in a city and offers services to voters and businesses in exchange for political and financial support.
Political Machine
A late 19 century political movement demanding that people have a greater value in government and seeking to advance the interests of farmers and laborers.
Populism
A kind of biased communication designed to influence people's thoughts and actions.
Propaganda
The compensation paid by a defeated nation for the damage or injury it inflicted during a war.
Reparations
Which one is NOT a citizenship right protected by the Bill of Rights?
Right to vote.
An extension of the Monroe Doctrine, announced by President Theodore Roosevelt in 1904, under which the United States claimed the right to protect its economic interests by means of military intervention in the affairs of western Hemisphere nations.
Roosevelt Corollary
An agency created in 1934 that monitors the stock market and enforces laws regulating the sale of stocks and bonds.
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
A community center providing assistance to residents particularly immigrants - in a slum neighborhood.
Settlement Houses
A law enacted in 1935 to provide aid to retirees, the unemployed, people with disabilities, and families with dependent children.
Social Security Act
What were examples of Americans helping each other through the Depression?
Soup kitchens and Bread lines.
A federal corporation established in 1933 to construct dams and power plants in the Tennessee Valley region to generate electricity as well as to prevent floods.
Tennessee Valley Authority
People blamed Hoover for the continuation of the Great Depression because he didn't ask, who to do more to fix the economy?
The National Government.
Why were the Cubans reluctant to ratify the new constitution after the Spanish-American War?
The United States would remain a stronghold in the country.
The violent act in Bosnia that triggered World War 1 was?
The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand.
Which specific event caused the American public to insist upon going to war with Spain?
The bombing of the USS Maine.
How did World War 1 affect the role of the federal government?
The government controlled much of the national economy.
Which of the following was a legacy of the New Deal?
The government plays a very active role in shaping the economy.
What new principle did President Roosevelt's actions during the 1902 coal strike establish?
The government was expected to intervene when a strike threatened the public welfare.
What was the the greatest impact of the New Deal?
The power of the federal government expanded significantly.
Which of the following was the main issue in the Scopes trial?
The role of science and religion in public schools.
Which of the following themes did many African Americans authors write about during the Harlem Renaissance?
The trials of being black in a white world.
Republican president who led the Progressive movement by creating the National Park System, enforcing the Sherman Antitrust Act, used arbitration to stop a coal miners strike, and youngest president at age 42.
Theodore Roosevelt
How did Americans express their dissatisfaction for the way Hoover handled the Great Depression?
They attached his name to negative symbols.
How did U.S. soldiers change the course of the war in 1917?
They drove back the German army by going on the offensive.
Which of the following methods did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) use to help African Americans?
They fought for legislation to protect African Americans' rights.
What role did popular movies serve during the 1930s?
They gave people a break from the hardships of the Great Depression.
Why were muckrakers important during the Progressive Era?
They helped to increase the public's awareness of troubling issues in society.
What was the final step that the United States took to get Japan to agree to trade?
They sent warships into Tokyo Bay.
What did the reelection of William McKinley show about the attitudes and beliefs of many Americans?
They supported imperialism.
Which of the following statements does NOT describe the purpose of the Declaration of Independence?
To establish the rights of American citizens under federal law.
Why did Joseph Stalin pressure U.S. and British leaders to open a "second front" in Western Europe?
To force Germany to send troops from the Soviet front to fight in France.
Why was the Servicemen's Readjustment Act (or GI Bill of Rights) passed?
To help veterans return to civilian life.
What was the ultimate goal of the services offered by the settlement houses?
To increase the social mobility of immigrants.
What was the main purpose of the Tennessee Valley Authority, Civilian Conservation Corps, Public Works Administration, and the Civil Works Administration?
To put people to work improving the country's infrastructure.
What was the purpose of the Works Progress Administration (WPA)?
To quickly create as many jobs for as many people as possible.
Why did the Nazis target homosexuals and people who were mentally deficient, mentally ill, physically disables, or incurably ill?
To ride Germany of any person unfit to be part of the "master race."
What was the purpose of the Espionage and Sedition Acts?
To suppress anti-war speech and activities.
An international peace keeping organization to which most nations in the world belong, founded in 1945 to promote world peace, security, and economic development.
United Nations
The growth of cities.
Urbanization
U.S. president who signed a peace treaty with the Central Powers in 1921, started the Teapot Dome Scandal with his Ohio Gang Cabinet, one of the worst presidents, and had the largest presidential feet wearing size 14 shoe.
Warren Harding
Which was one of the questions that the Bill of Rights sought to answer?
What protections should be given to a person accused of crime.
Republican president who is the only person to be U.S. Supreme Court Justice and U.S. president in their lifetime, president during the 16th and 17th Amendments, and heaviest president at 332 pounds.
William H. Taft
1896 Republican presidential candidate from Ohio, who supported the gold standard, high tariffs, big businesses, and the railroads.
William McKinley
How was life for women different in the west?
Women in the west worked alongside men as equals.
Democratic President during the 18th (prohibition) and 19th Amendments, campaign was called New Freedom, created the Federal Reserve System, and only President with a Ph D.
Woodrow Wilson
The use of sensationalized and exaggerated reporting by newspapers or magazines to attract readers.
Yellow Journalism
The main reason that no amendments were added to the Article of Confederation was that:
amendments needed the consent of all 13 state legislatures.
A major purpose of the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 was to:
establish a method for admitting new states.
The basic purpose of allowing amendments to U.S. constitution is to:
permit changes to the constitution.
How did Congress attempt to maintain U.S. isolationism throughout the 1930s?
By prohibiting the sale of arms to countries at war or engaged in civil war.
Republican president who signed the Sherman Antitrust Act which outlawed trusts and monopolies, and signed the McKinley Tariff Act of 1890, the highest tariff at that point of U.S. history.
Benjamin Harrison
A name given to Oct 29, 1929 when stock prices fell sharply.
Black Tuesday
Created a monopoly in the steel industry by using vertical and horizontal integration. He first increase profits by using new machinery and accounting systems to cut costs.
Andrew Carnegie
Which group believed that national government holds too much power compared to individual states, the rights of citizens should be listed in the Constitution, and the use of a standing army threatens the liberty of citizens?
Anti-Federalists.
The granting of concessions to a hostile power in order to keep the peace.
Appeasement
A minority group's adoption of the beliefs and way of life of the dominant culture.
Assimilation
How did conditions for African Americans in the North differ from their circumstances in the South?
African Americans faced segregation in the North that was not enforced by laws.
How was the United States able to produce so much war material in such a short period of time?
By converting existing factories to wartime use and organizing resources efficiently.
U.S. president who signed the Kellogg-Briand Pact renouncing war, sent the marines to Nicaragua to end a civil war from 1925-1927, and said that "the business of America is business and that business of government is to keep out of business."
Calvin Coolidge
Which document creates inalienable rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness?
Declaration of Independence.
A government's spending of more money than it receives in revenue.
Deficit Spending
List the three economic problems that could be solved with Imperialism. (NOT Question on Test, it will be which one is NOT.....)
Economic depression, overproduction, and unemployment.
How did the use of new production techniques and machinery affect farmers?
Farmers produced more than was needed, which led to lower food prices.
An agency created in 1933 to insure individual's bank accounts, protecting people against losses due to bank failures.
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)
A national banking system, established in 1913, that controls the U.S. money supply and availability of credit in the country.
Federal Reserve System
Which group believed the rights of citizens are inherent and do not need to be defined and the protection of the national interests requires a standing army?
Federalists.
