French Revolution HWHMCGOWAN

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

Taken by the Third Estate, or newly named, National Assembly and they swore never to separate and to meet wherever the circumstances might require until they have have established a sound and just constitution.

What was the The Constitution of 1791?

Completed by National Assembly. Set up a limited Monarchy. The new Legislative Assembly had the power to make laws, collect taxes, and decide on issues of war and peace. Lawmakers would be elected by property owning Male citizens of the age greater of 25. Replaced the old provinces. Reflected the enlightenment ideals.

In the Revolution, what roles did Robespierre and Danton fill?

Controls controlling the inside of the Revolution. He manages to rally the country against the front. He is the man to guide the revolution. He believes that there is no longer room for the king.

Explain the formation of the National Convention.

Created a new Constitution in which suffrage was granted to ALL Male citizens, not just land owners. Voted to ablosh the Monarchy and establish the French Republic. They wanted a Democratic Revolution.

Who raided the Bastille?

800 Parisians demanding for more weapons and gunpowder. Specifically, the National Assembly's Third Estaters

The Estates-General were told to carry something with their grievances in it, what was it?

A Cahier, or notebook in English.

Why did the September Massacres take place?

A call by Robespierre ordered the French citizens to kill the prisoners that were flowing out of the prisons. Happened after hearing that Prussia was advancing closer to Paris. Women were raped, priests disemboweled, and aristocrats tortured.

How did the Tennis Court Oath take place?

After being locked out of the hall in which the meeting of the Estates-General took place, the Third Estate went toward the nearest Tennis Court to make this Oath. They were locked out because they wanted the voting to be head counted, instead of one vote for each and they thought that the King was going to Dismiss them.

Describe Robespierre's last hours.

Announces that he has a list of people to be executed, but doesn´t give it away. He is then arrested, declared an outlaw, and removed from the Convention. Robespierre tried to committed suicide. he spends his last hours on the table after a failed attempt. He was prepared for the Guillotine. One of the Guillotine´s final victims.

Who could be subject of the terror? How did they find out if you were a counter-revolutionary?

Anyone expected of Counterrevolutionary acts would be executed after a quick trial. The slightest mistake or sliver of the old ways of France shown would get you executed.

Explain the two meanings behind Queen Marie's nickname, Madame Deficit.

Because she still spends a lot of money even though the treasury was pretty much broke. Very formal. She had a weird, big sense of fashion.

Who killed Marat?

Charlotte Cordet because she thought the bloodshed conducted by him was unjust.

What happened in the Storming of the the Tulieries Palace?

Done in defiance of the Brunswick Manifesto. They are going to first attack the king and then they are then going to attack every noble they see. They captured the Royal family and actually imprisoned them.

What was the flaw with making decisions by the Estates-General?

Every decision was basically 2 v. 1 because the first and second estate both wanted nothing to change, so they both voted the same, whereas the third estate was overruled and outvoted by the first and second estate. This would be a major cause of the Tennis Court Oaths.

Why was Louis trying to get to Austria and what effect did it have on the Revolution?

He knew that Austria would protect him and the people of France thought of him as a Deserter. It broke the bond behind the King and his people.

Explain the execution of Louis XVI.

He was put on trial by the Convention for being a traitor of France. He was convicted by a single vote and as he was executed, he began to speak, but his words were drowned. The execution took place in 1793. The decision was produced by the Jacobins and the Girondistes.

In Lyon and the Vendee, how were counter-revolutionaries dealt with?

In Lyon, Revs were mowed down. In Vendee, Revolutionaries are drowned and thousands of people were killed. Both were strongholds of The Counterrevolutionaries.

What did the raise in price of bread effect?

It affected the poor, peasants of the Third Estate. Due to the Seven years war and France's participation in the American Revolution, prices soared. Peasants used to eat about 2 lbs of bread daily. But with the increased prices, their monthly salary could only buy 1 loaf of bread.

How did the Enlightenment challenge the King's rule?

It changed the Monarchy from not being so Absolute.

What role did the American Revolution play in creating the French Revolution?

It drained the treasury of money which brought up ideas of revolution and a lot of the ideas that were used in the AR were also used in the FR. It also gave them motivation and inspiration.

What was the Bastille?

It was a large and hefty prison outside of Paris which held political prisoners and other criminals.

Why was it good AND bad for Charlotte Cordet to have killed Marat?

It was good because the killings will stop and he was responsible for the mass bloodshed, but it is bad because he became famous and people ´worshipped´ him, even after his death.

Why was Marat, a writer, so dangerous?

Jacobin. He can name people he believed to be plotting against the Revolution and that kinda ordered people to kill people, and they were most likely killed the next day.

Who did Louis XVI choose as his Advisor?

Jacques Necker.

What was the Women's March?

Lack of Bread makes Paris women mad! Rumors of King & Queen's lifestyle and opinions fuel anger. Fish Women storm Versailles. The women wanted the King to return to Paris. The King moved into the Tuileries Palace and remained a virtual prisoner for the next 3 years.

What made the "Great Terror" different from the "Terror"?

Last phase of the Terror, the tempo of the execution and the level of Paranoia increase dramatically.

What was the contribution of Jean-Paul Marat to the Revolution?

Living in poverty, he lived in the sewers and has a rare skin disease. He wanted to release his fury and did so through a newspaper, The Threat of the People.

Who was the King of France during this Revolution?

Louis XVI (NOT LOUIS XIV)

What was the Third Estate?

Made up of everyone else, from peasant farmers to the bourgeoisie. Made up 97% of France and they did not have the rights nor privileges of the other two Estates. Most were unemployed which led to crime and begging. Heavily burdened by tons of taxes and also owed fees call the Corvee. These are the people who kick started the Revolution, wanting more fair lives and rights.

What was the Levee en Masse?

Mass levy (tax). Required all people of France to contribute to the war effort.

What is the difference between the Bourgeoisie and the peasants?

Peasants have inadequate clothes, little education, are dirty, and don't live in the city or even a house in general. The Bourgeoisie are like the modern Middle Class with good clothes, jobs, and houses in cities.

What was the September Massacre?

People attacked prisons in which Nobles and Priests were killed and among them were also ordinary criminals. May have been a bloodthirsty mob, or patriots of the Revolution.

Explain France declaring War on Europe

Radicals soon took control of the Legislative Assembly and soon moved on to the battlefield against Europeans Rulers. First declared war on Austria, but then on to Britain, Prussia, and other states. Monarchs thought it was going to be an easy win against Revolution-broken France, but the war lasted from 1792 on and off until 1815.

What did the Bastille symbolize?

Represented years of abuse by the Monarchy and it is now known as the French's Independence Day.

What was the impact of the Storming of the Tuileries Palace?

Result of a threat manifesto issued by the Austrian king. Many on both sides are dead and the Monarchy is no more. The French republic is adopted and Louis has no power left.

What was the Festival of the Supreme Being AND what effect did it have on Robespierre?

Robespierre declared this a national holiday and brought upon a pause of executions. People thought that this was Robespierre´s departure from reality. Robespierre suspicions of treason go towards his friends.

What was the Great Fear?

Rumors told of tales of attacks on villages and towns spread panic. Peasants, angered by famine and fear, went after nobles who were trying to reimpose Feudal Dues. Attacks died down, but represented peasants anger.

Why was Marie so hated and what trumped up charge so angered her?

She was so hated because she is accused of high treason and bankrupting the bank. She was also thought to incest upon her son. She is to meet the Guillotine, much like her husband.

What did Olympe de Gouges do to counter the Declaration?

She wrote, Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Women Citizen.

What was the Brunswick Manifesto?

States that Austria will kill everyone if the Royal Family is Harmed which will eventually lead to Austria invading France.

What were the achievements of the French Revolution?

Tennis Court Oath, Declaration of Men and of the Citizens, Constitution of 1791, Constitution of 1791, and the Committee of Public Safety.

Explain the formation of the Committee of Public Safety.

The 12 member Committee that prepared the French people for all out war. Issued the Levee en Masse, or mass levy (tax). These people were also in charge of trials and executions, which happened VERY often.

What were the August Decrees?

The Estates System is erased and any male can now take part in politics, the army or the church.

Who do the Secoond and Third Estates suggest bringing in to help?

The Estates-General.

What was France broken down in to?

The First, Second, and Third Estate

What was the Civil Constitution of the Clergy?

The French Catholic Church is put under State control. Bishops and Priests became elected, salaried officials and also ended Papal Authority over the church. Widely condemned by religious figures and those who were conservative when it came to Religion.

How did the Girondistes and the Jacobins differ in the execution of Louis XVI?

The Jacobins were all for the execution of King Louis XVI, however, the Girondistes did not want the king to be executed so they can keep him alive as a blackmailing tool.

Who controlled the National Convention?

The Jacobins.

What did the Third Estate name themselves prior to the Tennis Court Oath

The National Assembly.

What was Louis's flight to Varennes?

The Royal Family dressed in disguise to escape the current situation in France and go to Austria. Caught by someone with a piece of currency in Varennes and led back to the palace by the Royal Army and his failed dash to the border showed that he was a traitor of the Revolution.

Was the terror a success (both domestically and internationally)?

The Terror achieved its goals and will not stop until it meets Robespierre. They think that they Were going to use Terror to mold a Republic. Needed the Terror to destroy the enemies of the State.

What was the Declaration of Pillnitz?

The Two monarchs (Prussia and Austria) threatened to intervene to protect the French Monarchy. Issued this to voice their plans to the Revolutionaries. May have been a bluff, but it was taken seriously by the Revolutionaries and they prepared by war.

What was the First Estate?

The clergy, who were people, including priests, who ran both the Catholic church and some aspects of the country. In addition to keeping registers of births, deaths and marriages, the clergy also had the power to levy a 10% tax known as the tithe, which is where they got most of their money from. They also provided social services to the public. Most condemned Enlightenment.

What was the Second Estate?

The nobility of France, including members of the royal family, except for the King. Members of the Second Estate did not have to pay any taxes. They were also awarded special privileges, such as wearing a sword and hunting. Like the clergy, they also collected taxes from the Third Estate, which is where they get most of their money. Were able to live in Versailles. Hated Absolutism

Who were the Estates-General?

These were property-owning men from each estate that represent their estate. They have not been gathered in over 174 years until Louis XVI called them in for help. Think of them like the Congress of France.

Who were the Emigres?

They are the Second and First Estaters who tried to flee France into Austria.

What did de-Christianization look like in practice?

They believe that Priests were the roots of all problems and they thought they must be extinguised. Streets with saint were changed, any holy symbols were replaced, painted glass is smashed, and church and everything inside were destroyed. The new calender of 3 weeks of ten days a month was replaced with teh Christian calender.

What was the significance of Maries wedding to Louis XVI?

They had not conceived a child until six years after the marriage was official.

Why was France economically devastated and what was going on in France to make things worse?

They just fought two major wars, the French and Indian War and the Seven Years War. Also, there was the worst famine in French History going on.

Why did the Parisians raid the Bastille?

They needed to provide some kind of defense against the National Guard sent by the King to surround Paris.

What did the Jacobins set out to do?

They set out to erase all traces of the old order of France and they seized lands of Nobility and abolished all titles of Nobility.

From the Revolutionary Government's perspective, what was the purpose of the "terror"?

They wanted all French to live in freedom and they wanted to sort all of those counter revolutionaries who opposed the Revolution.

How was the Guillotine symbolic of the equality wanted by the Revolution and the Enlightenment?

They wanted everybody equal in death and so the quick, efficient, and painless Guillotine was invented with the nickname ¨the national raiser¨

What were the Corvee?

Unpaid labor. These were fees and services paid by the Third Estate.

What were some of Jacques Necker's ideas?

Urged the king to reduce extravagant court spending, reform the government, and abolish tariffs on internal trade. Proposed taxing the Second and Third, but was removed by the King forcibly by the Second and Third Estate.

What did Danton want and what were his arguments?

Wanted the Terror to end because it was no longer needed because things were getting better in the War and the farms were also doing better. Considered a traitor by Robespierre and he executes Danton and his Dantonistes.

What was the Declaration of Men and of the Citizens?

step toward a Constitution and copied much of Locke's and the Philosophe's ideas. Enforces freedom of speech, press and religion. Wanted Equality before the law. Didn't include women. Olympe De Gouges (early Feminist) didn't like this

What was the new political spectrum?

the Center seats in the Assembly were the moderates who like the constitutional monarchy. The Left seats in the Assembly were radicals who want a republic with no king. the Right seats of the Assembly were reactionaries who want to put the king back in charge.