FS 444

What is the average number of firefighters killed in the line of duty each year? Question 1 options: A) 100 B) 225 C) 200 D) 343

100

What is specific gravity? Question 6 options: Comparison between two specific liquids A comparison of a liquid or solid substance's density with the density of water The mass of a given volume of a substance compared to the mass of an equal volume of air None of the above

A comparison of a liquid or solid substance's density with the density of water

What is a premixed flame? Question 6 options: A flame where air is introduced before the point of combustion A flame where fuel is partially deconstructed prior to igntition A flame where air is introduced at the point of combustion, or flame sheet A flame ignited from the oxidized fuel escaping from another fire

A flame where air is introduced before the point of combustion

What is an endothermic reaction? Question 2 options: A heat producing reaction caused by molecular fusion A reaction which attracts heat energy Any reaction produced absent heat as a catalyst Any reaction produced utilizing heat as a catalyst

A reaction which attracts heat energy

What is Entropy Question 1 options: The reduction of moleculor motion with decreasing temperature A thermodynamic quantity representing the degree of disorder or randomness in the system. The effects of atmospheric pressure A measure of the force with which gravity pulls

A thermodynamic quantity representing the degree of disorder or randomness in the system.

Fire protection professionals must utilize a full knowledge of what topics? Question 2 options: Detection All of the above Suppression Fuels and fuel geometry

All of the Above

What is the heat of gasification? Question 4 options: Energy which must be absorbed to change from solid to plasma Amount of energy required to change state of matter Amount of energy that is required to produce a unit mass of flammable vapor from a combustible that is initially at ambient temperatures Amount of energy that must be applied to change matter, at the boiling point, from liquid to gas

Amount of energy that is required to produce a unit mass of flammable vapor from a combustible that is initially at ambient temperatures

What defines a gaseous state? Question 1 options: Atoms that collide but are not in a fixed arrangement, and assume the shape of a container Always a compound Atoms that collide in a fixed arrangement, which assume a form absent of a container Atoms that are condensed, not in a fixed arrangement, and assume the shape of a container

Atoms that collide but are not in a fixed arrangement, and assume the shape of a container

What is the term for carbonaceous material that has been burned or pyrolyzed and has a blackened appearance? Question 5 options: Charcoal Ash Char None of the above

Char

The combined gas law includes principles of .... Question 4 options: Charles's law & Boyle's law Newton's law & Avagado's law Geothermic expansion within a container The combined law's of thermodynamics

Charles's law & Boyle's law

The fire tetrahedron consists of which of these components? Question 2 options: Flame Particulate matter Entropy Chemical Reaction

Chemical Reaction

What is a laminar flame? Question 7 options: Combustion zones depicted by constant shape and low velocity (i.e., those which have little side-to-side movement) Combustion zones depicted by variable shape and high velocity (i.e., those which have allot of side-to-side movement) A flame where air is introduced at low pressure before the point of combustion A flame where air is introduced at high pressure before the point of combustion

Combustion zones depicted by constant shape and low velocity (i.e., those which have little side-to-side movement)

Oxygen entertainment can occur in two methods, one is pre-mixed. What is the other Question 9 options: Diffused Jetted Lamineer Inducted

Diffused

What makes up a mixture? Question 9 options: Mass comprised of two or more types of chemically connected atoms Elements that are combined but do not chemically react to form a compound A material which cannot be separated by a chemical reaction The end result of a chemical reaction

Elements that are combined but do not chemically react to form a compound

What is the first law of thermodynamics? Question 2 options: None of the above For every action there is an equal reaction Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be transformed or transferred from one form to another As temperature approaches absolute zero, the atomic movement approaches a constant minimum.

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be transformed or transferred from one form to another

The atomic weight of an atom is defined by the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons Question 4 options: True False

False

________ is the propagation of flame spread through a fuel/air mixture without the production of damaging pressure waves Question 7 options: Detonation Flash fire Rollover Fuse effect

Flash fire

What is the key measurement of ignitability of liquids? Question 2 options: Boiling point Flame point Flash point Fire point

Flash point

Ignition temperature is defined as which of the following? Question 8 options: Minimum temperature where sufficient vapors form an ignitable mixture at a liquid's surface Radiant temperature produced by a fuel after ignition and prior to flame spread Heat energy required for autoignition of flammable vapors released by the liquid The minimum temperature required to produce a spark in a fuel

Heat energy required for autoignition of flammable vapors released by the liquid

The energy required to change a liquid to a vapor is termed what? Question 5 options: Conversion Point Latent heat of vaporization Vapor Point Heat of combustion

Latent heat of vaporization

What is a liquid's flash point? Question 6 options: Highest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a flame across its surface Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate that is too rich to support a combustion Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a momentary flame across its surface Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid reaches its boiling point

Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a momentary flame across its surface

What makes up a compound? Question 5 options: The end result of a chemical reaction Mass comprised of two or more types of chemically connected atoms Elements that are combined but do not chemically react to form a compound A material which cannot be separated by a chemical reaction

Mass comprised of two or more types of chemically connected atoms

Which of the following sets a basis for classification of flammability of liquids? Question 3 options: NFPA 921 NFPA 30 NFPA 72 NFPA 704

NFPA 30

What is the major source of fuel in modern upholstered furniture? Question 7 options: Exterior coverings Cotton batting Wooden frame Polyurethane foams

Polyurethane foams

Having definite shape and volume describes what state of matter? Question 1 options: Gas Solid Liquid Plasma

Solid

What are oxidizing agents? Question 1 options: Chemical substances that detonate Solid or liquid materials that ignite spontaneously without the need of an ignition source Solid, liquid, vaporous, or gaseous materials that ignite easily and burn rapidly Substances that evolve or generate oxygen at ambient temperatures when exposed to heat

Solid or liquid materials that ignite spontaneously without the need of an ignition source

________ is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances Question 9 options: Solution Compund Solvent Slurry

Solution

A ________reaction occurs when chemical condition exists where the proportion of reactants is such that surplus of any reactant remains after the reaction Question 6 options: Covalent Stoichiometric Synthesis Double replacement

Stoichiometric

The key elements in determining the likelyhood and severity of a dust explosion are Question 8 options: Thermal inertia & fuel density Surface area and flamable range Materials resting flashpoint & thermal inertia Orientation of fuel and heat of igntion source

Surface area and flamable range

The standard time-temperature curve does not take into account what kinds of fuels that are common today? Question 4 options: Combustible metals Flammable liquids Synthetic materials Fire-resistant materials

Synthetic materials

What is a liquid's fire point? Question 7 options: Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid reaches its boiling point Temperature at which the substance must be raised to produce sufficient vapors to sustain burning after the initial flash Lowest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a momentary flame across its surface Highest temperature of a liquid, as determined by specific laboratory tests, at which the liquid gives off vapors at a sufficient rate to support a flame across its surface

Temperature at which the substance must be raised to produce sufficient vapors to sustain burning after the initial flash

Define boiling point Question 3 options: Temperature at which vapor pressure equals or exceeds atmospheric temperature Minimum temperature at whick a liquid evaporates The maximum temperature at which a liquid can be heated All of the above

Temperature at which vapor pressure equals or exceeds atmospheric temperature

Flammability limits are dependent on which of the following? Question 4 options: Exposure to other fuels and upper flammable limits of the materials Type of heat source, duration, and moisture Temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration None of the above

Temperature, pressure, and oxygen concentration

What is the effective heat of combustion? Question 5 options: The amount of energy per unit of mass contained within a fuel The actual amount of energy that is released when fuel oxidizes in air The amount of energy that must be applied to change matter, at the boiling point, from liquid to gas The energy which must be absorbed to change from solid to liquid

The actual amount of energy that is released when fuel oxidizes in air

Heat is which of the following? Question 9 options: The amount of energy transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature The measurement of the amount of motion that the molecules or atoms have The amount of energy that must be applied to change matter, at the boiling point, from liquid to gas The amount of energy that must be applied to change matter, at the boiling point, from liquid to gas

The amount of energy transferred from one object to another due to a difference in temperature

Which of the below best defines heat capacity Question 8 options: The relative amount of heat an object can absorb before igniting The amount of heat required to raise a given mass unit one degree The relative amount of heat given during combustion. The amount of heat lost during a change of state

The amount of heat lost during a change of state

What is a fire plume? Question 1 options: The part of a flame which draws in air None of the above The area from the flame's base to the point where ambient atmospheric conditions return he area from the flame's base to the point where ambient atmospheric conditions return The escape pathway for un-oxidized combustion products

The area from the flame's base to the point where ambient atmospheric conditions return he area from the flame's base to the point where ambient atmospheric conditions return

What is a stoichiometric mixture? Question 2 options: A mixture which reacts and does not consume fuel or oxygen The percentage of air and fuel where the lowest amount of fuel will combust The highest percentage of fuel to air where combustion can occur The exact proper mixture (mass of each reactant) of chemical for a chemical reaction

The exact proper mixture (mass of each reactant) of chemical for a chemical reaction

What is a chemical explosion? Question 8 options: The rapid oxidation of a chemical absent a pressure wave A chemical fire forcing an intense release of energy The generation of high-pressure gas from an exothermic chemical reaction Structural failure of a container

The generation of high-pressure gas from an exothermic chemical reaction

What is vapor density? Question 5 options: The capacity to do work Comparison of a liquid and water The mass of a given volume of a substance compared to the mass of an equal volume of air Comparison of a solid material and dirt

The mass of a given volume of a substance compared to the mass of an equal volume of air

What is the lower flammable limit? Question 3 options: The percentage of air and fuel where the lowest amount of fuel will combust The highest percentage of fuel to air where combustion can occur The exact proper mixture (mass of each reactant) of chemical for a chemical reaction A mixture which reacts and does not consume fuel or oxygen

The percentage of air and fuel where the lowest amount of fuel will combust

A suitable definition of a detonation would include which of the following? Question 9 options: Structural failure of a container The generation of high-pressure gas from an exothermic chemical reaction The propagation of a combustion zone at a velocity that is greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium Initiation of chemical decompistion under pressure

The propagation of a combustion zone at a velocity that is greater than the speed of sound in the unreacted medium

What is one factor responsible for the rapid fire development in today's built environment? Question 7 options: The volume of commodities and synthetics Underfunding of the fire service Lax building codes and enforcement Failure to call 911

The volume of commodities and synthetics

________________ is determined by fuel density, thermal conductivity and specific heat. Question 9 options: Flamable range Upper explosive limit Thermal inertia Specific gravity

Thermal inertia

Fire is an exothermic reaction Question 8 options: True False

True

The higher the thermal inertia,the more efficiently the object can move heat into its self and therefore ignition is less likely Question 10 options: True False

True

Vapors and gasses are treated as common energy states when calculating heat movement Question 7 options: True False

True

What term describes the pressure exerted by vapors leaving the liquid surface? Question 10 options: Boil pressure Head pressure Exothermic pressure Vapor pressure

Vapor pressure

An endothermic reaction: Question 3 options: produces water, carbon dioxide, and light. is equally balanced between heat absorption and production. absorbs energy. gives off heat.

absorbs energy.

Covalent bonds involve: Question 10 options: atoms sharing electrons in their valance orbits. triple bonding of atoms. transfer of electrons from the valence orbit of one atom to fill the valence orbit of another atom. double bonding of atoms.

atoms sharing electrons in their valance orbits.

The temperature to which a mixture of fuel gas and air must be raised to initiate combustion without any external heat source is called: Question 10 options: autoignition temperature. heat release rate. heat of combustion. heat of vaporization.

autoignition temperature.

Flammable liquids have a flash point: Question 4 options: above 100 degrees Fahrenheit. below 100 degrees Fahrenheit. below 73 degrees Fahrenheit. above 140 degrees Fahrenheit.

below 100 degrees Fahrenheit.

As altitude changes, the vapor pressure of a liquid: Question 5 options: remains the same. will equalize with that of the ambient conditions. increases with altitude. decreases with altitude.

decreases with altitude.

Latent heat is the amount of: Question 10 options: energy required to change state of matter. energy that must be applied to change matter, at the boiling point, from liquid to gas. heat required to change a unit of mass one degree in temperature. energy which must be absorbed to change from solid to liquid.

energy required to change state of matter.

Cellulosic materials consist of all of the following except: Question 6 options: paper wood cotton hydrocarbons

hydrocarbons

Liquids evolving vapors that can undergo combustion with relative ease are considered to be: Question 1 options: ignitable liquids. viscous unstable liquids. combustible liquids.

ignitable liquids.

The energy required to initiate a flame is called: Question 6 options: ignition energy. flame threshold Critical heat energy heat of combustion.

ignition energy.

Fire investigators are primarily tasked with identifying: Question 3 options: origin, cause, spread, responsibility, and circumstances. code violations and making corrections. the design of fire protection devices and their installation. None of the above

origin, cause, spread, responsibility, and circumstances.

Investigators must first seek the _______ and then the ________ of a fire in order to ascertain what happened. Question 6 options: origin; cause cause; circumstances interested parties; origin origin; intent

origin; cause

Protons are _________ charged. Question 7 options: dynamicly neutrally negatively positively

positively

The atomic number of an atom is defined by the number of: Question 3 options: protons electons neutrons. protons, neutrons, and electrons

protons

Study of fire dynamics helps to: Question 5 options: provide safety for humans and structures. serve only engineers. increase the costs of new construction. increase the value of well-protected buildings.

provide safety for humans and structures.

Solids undergo _________ in order to be a fuel source. Question 2 options: thermal consolidation charring pyrolysis direct combustion

pyrolysis

A flame is defined as: Question 4 options: all of the components of the combustion process, such as heat, soot, and gases illuminated fire gasses only the byproducts of combustion such as soot and gases. the visible, luminous body where the oxidation reaction is occurring.

the visible, luminous body where the oxidation reaction is occurring.

Regarding thermal transfer _______ objects have more surface area to mass area than do __________ objects Question 3 options: dense, laminated thin, thick round, square fibrous, compacted

thin, thick

Ionic bonds involve: Question 8 options: transfer of electrons from the valence orbit of one atom to fill the valence orbit of another atom. atoms sharing electrons in their valance orbits. triple bonding of atoms. double bonding of atoms.

transfer of electrons from the valence orbit of one atom to fill the valence orbit of another atom.