FSE 214 Final Study Terms

When substances enter the body and accumulate in excessive amount, it is called.

infiltration

What is infection?

inflammation caused by living organisms.

Match the terms with the definitions.

ischemia - decreased blood flow to a part of body Thrombosis - formation of blood clot within the heart or vessels infarction - dying of a tissue due to lack of ocygen hematoma - a swelling filled with blood Embolism - an object floating through blood causing obstruction edema - excessive accumulation of a fluid

Hepatitis attaches ____________.

liver

What are the common causes of inflammation? Choose all correct answers.

living organisms physical irritants chemicals immunological reactants No - hypoxia

Inflammation that affects the lobes of lungs is called as

lobar pneumonia

Neuroma is a tumor found in.

nervous tissue

This nervous system disease is not caused by any infection and is not progressive in nature. It is found in children. What is ?

Cerebral palsy

Match terms with their description or definition.

Consission - temporary grogginess due to bow to the head Epilepsy - interference with the normal activity of the brain Myelitis - inflammation of the spinal cord Parkinson's disease - shaking palsy that develops later in life Neuritis - inflammation of a nerve

________ is a common form of hyperadrenalism in which the control of body's water and salt level is affected.

Cushing's syndrome

Match the terms with their definitions.

Dermatitis - inflammation of the skin Cretinism - hypothyroidism that causes dwarfism and mental retardation in children Melanoma - malignant tumor of the skin acromegaly - "enlargement of some bones in skull, hands, and fee" Diabetes mellitis - disease due to insufficient insulin produced by the body Giantism - abnormally tall person Hyperparathyroidism - resuls in softening of bones

"Gonorrhea, syphilis, genital herpes, and HIV are sexually transmitted disease that are caused by viruses and that is why they are difficult to control."

False

Nervous system is divided into two parts; central nervous system and antomical nervous sytem.

False

Pathology is the study of the tissues which have been removed from the body.

False

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called ecology.

False

These are diseases that are characterized by fever.

Febrile

A branch of pathology that deals with general or broad disease processes such a necrosis

General pathology

Some of the causes of cancer are______. Choose all correct answers.

Heredity viruses environmental factors hormones No - bacteria

The skin is the main organ of the ____________ system and is considered the largest organ of human body.

Integumentary

_______ is a developmental disorder in which the spinal cord contains and abnormal curvature.

Scoliosis

Factors affecting cardiovascular systems include; (select all that apply)

heredity obesity diet diabetes No - blood type

Is the narrowing of the opening of the heart valves.

stenosis

Localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane is called ___

ulcer

Match terms with their definitions.

ulcer - localized area of necrosis on the skin or mucous membrane abscess - an area of pus surrounded by a wall of tissue vesicle - an elevation on the skin with fluid furuncle - an abscess in the deeper layer of the skin pustule - an elevation on the skin with pus

The brain and spinal cord are protective by three layers of protective membranes called the meninges. These meninges are;

"dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater"

Benign tumors grow by _______ and malignant tumors by _______.

"expansion, infiltration"

Any disease which is obtained after birth.

Acquired

Two types of diseases are:

Acute, Chronic

What is the definition of disease?

Any change in the structure and function of the body as a result of injury to the tissue.

Match names of conditions with the terms.

Arteriosclerosis - arteries become hardened and thickened arteritis - inflammation of an artery atherosclerosis - formation of plaques in the arteries aneurysm - localized weakening and dilation of an artery wall

_______ consists of glands and organs that secrete different hormones.

Endocrine system

Match terms with their description or definition.

Epididymitis - inflammation of the epididymis eclampsia - "results in convulsions, coma, and even death during pregnancy" oophoritis - inflammation of the ovaries prostatitis - inflammation of the prostate gland uteitis - inflammation of the uterus

Body's response to tissue injury by burning is called infection.

False

Bones are made of connective tissues and an adult body consist of 406 bones.

False

Cardiomyopathy is the disease of heart valve.

False

Ductus arteriosus means opening between pumonary artery and aorta fails to open.

False

Exogenous pigmentation is when a substance enters inside an organ from the body causing discoloration.

False

Gingivitis is the decaying of the teeth.

False

Goiter is the decrease in size of thyroid gland that may be caused by the deficiency of iodine in the body.

False

Leucocytosis is the drop in number of white blood cells due to infection.

False

Match the terms with their description.

Food poisoning - infection of the intestines Cirrhosis - degeneration of the liver cells hematemesis - vomiting of the blood coming from stomach diverticulitis - inflammation of diverticula Gastristis - inflammation of the stomach hernia - protrusion of an organ through the wall which it is contained cholelithiasis - stone formation in gall bladder

When bilirubin accumulates in the body it causes yellowish discoloration. This condition is called

Jaundice

Match the terms with their definitions.

Kyphosis - humpback condition Achondroplasia - dwarfism Bursitis - inflammation of bursae Rickets - softening of bones in children Ostomalacia - softening of bones in adults

What is cachexia?

Malutrition and general wasting of body, such as starvation.

_____ is surgical removal of a breast.

Mastectomy

"In this condition, bones become porous, brittle, and have tendency to break easily. What is ?"

Osteoporosis

______ is a malignant tumor of bones.

Osteosarcoma

Refers to the prediction of the probable outcome of a disease.

Prognosis

_____ is the infection of nervous system that results from animal bites such as dogs and raccoons.

Rabies

A branch of pathology that studies disease processes affecting individual body areas or systems.

Special pathology

"Fractures, especially the ones present in the skull and face pose a big challenge to the embalmers."

True

Carcinoma is the leading cause of respiratory cancer in the United States.

True

Dermoid cyst is a common cyst found on the walls of ovary that contain greasy material produced by sebaceous glands.

True

Dilatation and hypertrophy both describe the increase in the size of the heart.

True

Failure of the kidney to filter waste products out is called as uremia.

True

Hyperplasia is increase in the size of the body part due to increase in number of cells.

True

Skin infections due to fungi are known as dermatomycoses.

True

Influenza and common cold are caused by _____.

Viruses

A branch of pathology that studies changes which occur in cell of the body at the microscopic level.

X Pathology X Special pathology X General pathology X Gross pathology Correct - None of the above

Match the malformations to the terms

aplasia - absence of body parts etiology - refers to the study of the causes of disease hernia - protrusion of an organ through the wall of the body cavity in which it is contained pandemic - diseases that affect a large number of people cyst - a sac-like structure, containing fluid or a semi-solid substance

Presence of any substances in the pleural cavity puts pressure on the lungs and make them collapse, a condition indicated with the term _______.

atelectasis

Hyperparathyroidism increases the level of ________ in the blood.

calcium

Which on the following is a form of necrosis in which a cheeselike substance is located at the center of an area of pink necrosis surrounded by inflammatory granule?

caseous necrosis

A fracture in which a bone crushed or splintered is called ______.

comminuted

Lymphoma is tumor found in .

connective tissue

_______ is the condition in males when testes do not descend down to the scrotum before birth.

cryptoorchidism

"For an embalmer, infections of the digestive system can lead to several problems, such as (choose all the correct answers)."

dehydration rapid blood coagulation rapid decomposition

________ is not infection but is long term chronic deterioration and destruction of lung tissue.

emphysema

"Endometrial tissue is the tissue present in the lining of uterus but when it is found elsewhere it cause problems such a pain, swelling and bleeding. This condition is called ______."

endometriosis

Trauma to the head may result into cerebral hemorrhage which are often categorized based on where they occur in relation to the meninges. The hemorrhage that occurs outside of the dura is called _____.

epidural

Match names of tumors with their description.

giloma - tumor involving the neuroglia chondroma - tumor of the cartilage papilloma - tumor of the epithemlium in the skin and mucous adenoma - tumor of the glandular epithelium leiomyoma - tumors of smooth muscles angioma - tumor of the vessels

Signs of inflammation are. Select all correct answers.

heat pain swelling No - sweating No - fast breathing

Heredity bleeding disorder is called [x] while decreased number of platelets is called [y].

hemophilia, thrombocytopenia

Formation of varicose veins in the rectal are is called __________.

hemorrhoids

Which one of the following is not a cause of cellular injury?

homeostasis

Match terms with their definitions.

hyperplasia - an increase in the number of cells amyloid degenration - present in Alzheimer's disease Atrophy - shrinkage of the cells hypertrophy - an increase in the size of cells metaplasia - regeneration of the cells after injury

Underdevelopment of kidney is called ______.

hypoplasia

A disease that results from a physician's treatment of a patient.

iatrogenic

Which one of the following is characterized by cellular swelling, changes in nature of cellular proteins, and the breakdown of cellular organelles in dead cells?

necrosis

When the outer sac around the heart is inflammed, it is called ____.

pericarditis

_______ is the inflammation of throat.

pharyngitis

Inflammation of the veins is called

phlebitis

Match the terms with their description.

pneumonia - inflammation of the lungs bronchitis - inflammation of the bronchi rhinitis - inflammation of the nasal passage pleuripsy - inflammation of pleura sinusitis - inflammation of the paranasal sinuses

_______ is a form of papilloma that grown with a stem from the underlying tissue.

polyp

Match the terms with their description.

pyelonephritis - inflammation of the kidney pyelitis - inflammation of kiney pelvis nephrolithiasis - kidney stones Glomerulonephritis - inflammation of glomeruli

This term describe the replacement of damaged tissue with identical tissue.

regeneration

Nevus or melanoma is a cancer of .

skin

Main function of respiratory system is ______.

transport gases

Are the veins that become dilated and tortuous.

varicose