functions of the endocrine system 100%

Compare and contrast stress hormones with sex hormones. Provide an example of each type.

Both types of hormones influence a variety of emotions as well as developmental and health issues. A stress hormone is often released during times of stress, such as when an individual experiences excitement, anxiety, or fear, and it is often associated with health issues concerning stress. Sex hormones primarily aid in development of male and female sex characteristics as well as bone and muscle formation. An example of a stress hormone is cortisol, and an example of a sex hormone is testosterone.

Briefly describe the relationship between hormones, emotion, and external behavior.

Hormones appear to be influenced by emotion and external behavior. For example, one's activity level may increase the production of a hormone, just as hormones often influence the way an individual feels. Hormones are found to impact behavior indirectly through emotional experiences. For example, an individual may feel a specific way as a result of hormone fluctuations but not behave or act out accordingly. The interaction between the emotion and environment play a large role on how hormonal influences are expressed behaviorally. Hormone production also appears to influence various behaviors, such as cognitive ability or sleep patterns, directly. For example, as levels of specific hormones decline, a decrease in mental clarity may be noted and sleep patterns may be disrupted as well.

Describe two communication differences between the nervous system and endocrine system.

One communication difference between the nervous system and endocrine system is that the nervous system emits both electrical and chemical signals, whereas the endocrine system emits only chemical signals. The nervous system also delivers fast communication between nerve cells, while the endocrine system sends messages more slowly through hormones. The endocrine system is regulated by the nervous system and the chemical effect of the endocrine system is often longer lasting. Furthermore, the endocrine system sends messages through the bloodstream and the nervous system sends messages through neurons and glia cells.

Describe two communication similarities between the nervous system and endocrine system.

One communication similarity between the endocrine and nervous systems is that they both use homeostasis to help regulate body functioning in order to maintain proper balance, or equilibrium. Another communication similarity is that both the endocrine and nervous systems release specific chemicals to send messages throughout the body in order to initiate specific functions.

Describe the difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone.

Responses may vary but should include some or all of the following information: The difference between a neurotransmitter and a hormone is that a neurotransmitter is the chemical that is released from a neuron in order to communicate with connecting neurons throughout the brain and body. A hormone is the chemical that is released from an endocrine gland in order to send messages through the bloodstream to specific locations throughout the body. Some of the same chemicals act as both neurotransmitters and hormones. The difference between the two lies in where the chemical is released in the body. If it is released from the end of a neuron, it is called a neurotransmitter. If the chemical is released from an endocrine gland into the bloodstream, it is called a hormone.

Which of the following statements concerning the relationship between hormones and emotion is correct? A. All emotion is determined by the level of cortisol released within the body. B. Both excitement and fear are influenced by the level of melatonin in the body. C. Stress response hormones help prepare the body to cope with frightening situations. D. Research indicates that hormones have no influence on the development of mood disorders.

Stress response hormones help prepare the body to cope with frightening situations.

Which of the following statements concerning the endocrine system is not true? The endocrine system works with the nervous system to regulate the body. The endocrine system consists of endocrine glands that produce hormones. The endocrine system helps to regulate the nervous system. The endocrine system communicates through the bloodstream.

The endocrine system helps to regulate the nervous system

Which endocrine gland is responsible for controlling the stress response? A. adrenal gland B. pineal gland C. thyroid gland D. thymus gland

a

Which of the following statements concerning functions of the growth hormone (GH) is correct? The growth hormone promotes estrogen production in the body. Insulin and the growth hormone are both released by the adrenal glands. Abnormal amounts of the growth hormone can lead to developmental issues. The thyroid hormones assist the growth hormone in regulating blood sugar levels.

abnormal amounts of the growth hormone can lead to developmental issues.

The orange dot in the above image represents the location of which endocrine gland? A. adrenal gland B. thyroid gland C. pituitary gland D. reproductive gland

c

Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is not correct? A. The hypothalamus regulates internal functioning in response to the external world. B. The hypothalamus sends chemical messages to alert the pituitary gland. C. The hypothalamus is located in each endocrine gland to help regulate functioning. D. The hypothalamus regulates various physiological and emotional reactions.

c

Which of the following statements concerning testosterone is not correct? A. Testosterone is produced by both the testes and ovaries. B. Testosterone assists in the development of male sex characteristics. C. Testosterone is considered a stress hormone that helps regulate blood pressure. D. Testosterone assists in bone and muscle formation.

c

A hormone is an organ that secretes chemical substances into the bloodstream. t/f?

false

Research indicates that excessive amounts of cortisol may result in the development of gigantism. t/f?

false

The nervous system communicates internally by releasing hormones through the bloodstream. t/f?

false

The chemical effect of the endocrine system is longer lasting than the chemical effect of the nervous system. t/f?

true

The hypothalamus is a brain structure that controls the endocrine system. t/f?

true

The hypothalamus sends messages through both the nervous system and the endocrine system. t/f?

true

The pituitary gland directly and indirectly regulates body growth. t/f?

true

The testes and ovaries both release the hormone testosterone. t/f?

true