Fundamentals Mid exam
Which of the following are advantages of nasal cannula use?1. They are cost-effective.2. They deliver precise FIO2.3. The patient can eat, speak, and drink with the cannula in place.4. Pressure necrosis will not occur..
. 1 and 3
To prevent an adverse rebound effect when withdrawing NO therapy, what should you do?1. Reduce the NO to the lowest effective dose (ideally, less than 5 ppm).2. Hyperoxygenate the patient just before discontinuing NO.3. Ensure that the patient is hemodynamically stable.
. 1, 2, and 3
Which of the following is consistent with the radiographic appearance after prolonged exposure to O2?
. Patchy infiltrates
A simple mask can deliver what percentage of FIO2 at how many liters/minute?
0.35 to 0.50 at 5 to 10 L/min
Partial rebreathing masks deliver what FIO2 at what liter flow?
0.40 to 0.70 at 6 to 10 L/min
Theoretically, a nonrebreathing mask can deliver 100% oxygen, assuming that the mask fits appropriately on the patient's face and is the only source of gas being inhaled by the patient. However, in actual practice, the disposable nonrebreathing mask can deliver what FIO2?
0.60 to 0.80
It is important to filter the gas before it enters the blender housing; otherwise, a malfunction will occur. Which of the following can cause a malfunction?1. Moisture2. Particulate matter3. High amounts of FIO24. Low amounts of FIO2
1 and 2
The FIO2 that is actually delivered to the patient through an oxygen mask depends on which of the following?1. Flow of the oxygen to the mask2. Presence of a reservoir bag3. Humidity of the gas4. Density of the gas
1 and 2
The viscosity of a fluid is primarily determined by 1. the cohesive forces between its molecules.2. its density.3. the number of collisions of the molecules.4. free flow.
1 and 2
Which of the following are advantages of transtracheal catheters?1. Increase patient mobility.2. Improve patient compliance because of an enhanced cosmetic appearance.3. Increase the amounts of nasal irritation.4. Heighten the risk for mucus plugging
1 and 2
Which types of devices/techniques should be used to monitor the oxygenation status of patients undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy?1. Transcutaneous monitoring2. Arterial blood gas monitoring3. End-tidal CO2 monitoring4. Spirometer
1 and 2
An infant requires both a precise high FiO2 and maintenance of a neutral thermal environment. Which of the following systems can best achieve these goals? 1. Oxy-Hood or warmed O2 blending system without incubator 2. Heated incubator with automatic O2 controlling system 3. Heated incubator with Oxy-Hood or O2 blending system
1 and 2 only
Primary safety concerns in the application of hyperbaric oxygenation include which of the following?1. Sudden decompression2. Electrical fires3. CO2 accumulation
1 and 2 only
Which of the following affects are seen in hyperoxic acute lung injury?1. Decreased cardiac output2. Decreased perfusion to the heart3. Increased perfusion to skeletal muscles4. Increased perfusion to the brain
1 and 2 only
Which of the following design components of an air injector would result in entraining the greatest amount of air?1. Small orifice jet2. Large entrainment ports3. Low-velocity gas flow
1 and 2 only
You note that the air intake ports surrounding the jet of a 35% air-entrainment mask are partially obstructed by the patient's bedding. Which of the following would you expect?1. Decrease in the device's total output flow2. Increase in the percent O2 delivered by the device3. No change in the FiO2 received by the patient
1 and 2 only
The benefits of breathing heliox are related to its lower density in comparison with pure oxygen or air. The lower density does which of the following?1. Promotes laminar flow2. Increases the amount of turbulent flow3. Reduces the amount of turbulent flow4. Decreases the laminar flow
1 and 3
Which of the following devices could cause CO2 retention?1. Simple mask2. Aerosol face mask3. Nonrebreathing mask4. Air-entrainment mask
1 and 3
Which of the following types of oxygen analyzer can be placed in a ventilator circuit to continuously monitor oxygen concentration?1. Polarographic2. Paramagnetic3. Galvanic4. Physical
1 and 3
What does 1 atmospheric pressure absolute (ATA) equal?1. 101 kPa2. 50 psi3. 760 mm Hg
1 and 3 only
Which of the following factors should be used in properly selecting an O2 delivery device?1. Knowledge of general performance of the device2. Physician's preference3. Individual capabilities of the equipment
1 and 3 only
Which of the following would indicate a need for O2 therapy for an adult or a child?1. SaO2 less than 87% to 90%2. PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg3. PaO2 less than 55 to 60 mm Hg
1 and 3 only
According to Poiseuille's law, the pressure needed to drive a fluid through a tube will increase under which of the following conditions?1. Increased fluid viscosity2. Decreased tube length3. Decreased rate of flow4. Decreased tube radius
1 and 4 only
In which of the following clinical situations would you recommend hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, if available?1. Carbon monoxide poisoning2. Respiratory or cardiac arrest3. Severe trauma4. Cyanide poisoning
1 and 4 only
Exposure to elevated barometric pressure during hyperbaric oxygen therapy can directly affect a number of physiologic parameters, including which of the following? 1. Arterial and alveolar partial pressure for oxygen2. Temperature of the gases being breathed3. Work of breathing4. Lung volumes
1, 2, 3, and 4
To prevent an adverse reaction, it is essential to monitor which of the following when administering carbogen to a patient?1. Heart rate2. Blood pressure3. Respirations4. The patient's mental status
1, 2, 3, and 4
What are some key patient considerations in selecting O2 therapy equipment?1. Type of airway (natural or artificial)2. Severity and cause of the hypoxemia3. Age group (infant, child, adult)4. Stability of the minute ventilation
1, 2, 3, and 4
What types of patients are treated with hyperbaric oxygen therapy?1. Deep sea diving patients with decompression sickness2. Those with thermal injuries3. Patients with carbon monoxide poisoning4. Those with refractory osteomyelitis
1, 2, 3, and 4
According to the American Association for Respiratory Care (AARC) Clinical Practice Guideline, which of the following are considered precautions or complications of oxygen therapy? 1. A PaO2 >60 mm Hg in spontaneously breathing patients with chronic PaCO2 levels 2. With FIO2 >0.50 and the risk of oxygen toxicity or absorption atelectasis occurring 3. During laser bronchoscopy and high levels of oxygen 4. Acute myocardial infarction
1, 2, and 3
Complications of transtracheal oxygen catheters are 1. subcutaneous emphysema2. mucus-plugging3. infection4. air-trapping
1, 2, and 3
Contraindications for hyperbaric oxygen therapy consist of which of the following? 1. Pneumothorax2. Obstructive bronchial diseases3. Upper respiratory infection4. Skin grafting
1, 2, and 3
Current incubators are designed to allow which of the following? 1. Variable control of environmental temperature 2. Variable control of environmental humidity 3. Control of FIO2 concentration 4. Control of barometric pressure
1, 2, and 3
Directing a cool O2 mixture to an infant in an Oxy-Hood can result in which of the following? 1. Increased O2 consumption2. Increased convective heat loss3. Apnea (cessation of breathing)
1, 2, and 3
For which of the following purposes might a Venturi tube be used? 1. To restore fluid pressure distal to a restricted orifice2. To help keep entrainment ratios constant with varying flows3. To make possible entrainment of large volumes of gas
1, 2, and 3
Properly applied O2 therapy can decrease which of the following?1. Ventilatory demand2. Work of breathing3. Cardiac output
1, 2, and 3
The concentration of oxygen delivered to the patient with an air-entrainment mask depends on which of the following?1. Flow of the oxygen to the nozzle2. Size of the jet nozzle outlet3. Size of the entrainment port4. Size of the Venturi mask
1, 2, and 3
To confirm proper operation of an O2 blending system, what should you do?1. Test low-pressure alarms and bypass systems.2. Analyze FiO2 at 0.21, 1.00, and prescribed level.3. Confirm air and O2 inlet pressures.
1, 2, and 3
What criteria must a patient meet for home oxygen therapy, according to AARC Clinical Practice Guidelines?1. PaO2 <55 mm Hg2. SpO2 <88% room air at rest3. SpO2 <88% room air with exertion4. PaO2 >60 mm Hg
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are O2-conserving devices?1. Transtracheal oxygen catheters2. Reservoir cannulas3. Pulse-demand oxygen-delivery systems4. E size cylinder O2 tanks
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following are disadvantages of the nasal cannula?1. Pressure necrosis2. Drying nasal mucosa3. FIO2 not precise4. Claustrophobia
1, 2, and 3
Which of the following variables in the formula describing Poiseuille's law can be altered in the clinical setting to improve Raw?1. Radius of the airways2. Viscosity of the inspired gas3. Flow rate of the inspired gas4. Temperature of the inspired gas
1, 2, and 3
Benefits of properly applied O2 therapy in patients with chronic hypoxemia include which of the following? 1. Reversal of pulmonary vasoconstriction 2. Relief of pulmonary hypertension 3. Decreased right ventricular workload 4. Improved pulmonary vital capacity
1, 2, and 3 only
Physiologic effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy include which of the following? 1. Neovascularization.2. Bubble reduction.3. Enhanced immune function.4. Systemic vasodilation.
1, 2, and 3 only
Some strategies for minimizing the risk of fire hazard with O2 therapy include which of the following? 1. Using the lowest effective FiO22. Properly educating patients and caregivers3. Avoiding aluminum regulators and other high-risk devices4. Mixing the oxygen with carbon dioxide.
1, 2, and 3 only
Specific clinical objectives of oxygen (O2) therapy include which of the following 1. Decrease the symptoms caused by chronic hypoxemia.2. Decrease the workload hypoxemia imposes on the heart and lungs.3. Correct documented arterial hypoxemia.4. Correct documented respiratory acidosis.
1, 2, and 3 only
Toxic side effects of inhaled NO include which of the following?1. Acute pulmonary edema2. Direct cellular damage3. Impaired surfactant production4. Sulfhemoglobinemia
1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following alternatives may increase the FiO2 capabilities of air-entrainment nebulizers?1. Add open reservoir to expiratory side of T tube.2. Connect together two or more nebulizers.3. Use a commercial dual-flow system.4. Add open reservoir to inspiratory side of T tube.
1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following are components of a typical O2 blender?1. Precision metering device or mixture control2. Audible dual low-pressure alarm system3. Pressure regulating and equalizing valves4. Variable-size air-entrainment port
1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following are true about NO2?1. NO2 levels greater than 10 ppm can cause hemorrhage, pulmonary edema, and death.2. NO2 is produced spontaneously whenever NO is exposed to O2.3. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) safety limit for NO2 exposure is 5 ppm.4. NO2 exposure should be kept below 5 ppm during NO administration.
1, 2, and 3 only
Which of the following conditions tend to cause laminar flow to become turbulent (producing a high Reynold's number)?1. High linear gas velocity2. High gas density3. Low gas viscosity4. Smaller tube diameter
1, 2, and 3 only
The characteristics of low-flow devices are1. fractional inspired oxygen (FIO2) from 0.22 to 0.60.2. make use of a nasal cannula.3. make use of a Venturi mask.4. make use of a transtracheal catheter.
1, 2, and 4
Some of the major disadvantages of the transtracheal catheter are which of the following?1. Infection2. Mucus plugging3. Excessive oxygen use4. Lost tract or insertion opening
1, 2, and 4 only
The benefits of a transtracheal catheter include which of the following?1. Lower flows are needed to obtain higher SpO22. The ability for the patient to eventually wean off of O23. Improved self-image of the patient4. Oxygen cost savings of up to 20%
1, 3, and 4
Types of reservoir cannulas include which of the following?1. Mustache2. Pulse demand3. Pendant4. High flow
1, 3, and 4
Which of the following gases affect the accuracy of NO/NO2 electrochemical monitors?1. NH22. N2O3. CO24. CO
1, 3, and 4
Criteria for initiating hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy on an adult patient suspected of suffering from acute carbon monoxide poisoning include which of the following? 1. History of unconsciousness2. Carboxyhemoglobin saturation less than 20%3. Presence of neurologic abnormality4. Presence of cardiac instability
1, 3, and 4 only
Features of an ideal delivery system for NO for use with mechanical ventilation include which of the following? 1. Provides precise and stable NO dose delivery.2. Premixes NO and O2 in a holding reservoir.3. Provides accurate NO and NO2 monitoring.4. Maintains proper ventilator function.
1, 3, and 4 only
Potential adverse effects associated with NO therapy include which of the following? 1. Poor or paradoxical response2. Increased blood clotting3. Increased left ventricular filling pressures4. Rebound hypoxemia or pulmonary hypertension
1, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following conditions can be treated with hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy?1. Carbon monoxide poisoning2. Septic shock3. Air embolism4. Clostridial gangrene
1, 3, and 4 only
A physician orders 40% O2 through an air-entrainment nebulizer for a patient with a minute volume of 12 L/min. What is the minimum nebulizer input flow required to ensure the prescribed FiO2?
10 L/min
A typical adult oxygen mask has a volume of approximately how much?
100 to 200 mL
How many liters/minute of air is being entrained for a 50% air-entrainment mask running at 8 L/min?
14
You are giving a 80% He:20% O2 mixture to an asthmatic patient through a nonrebreathing mask with a compensated Thorpe tube O2 flowmeter set at 8 L/min. What is the actual flow being delivered to the patient?
14 L/min
The PAO2 when the atmospheric pressure is 3 atm, the PACO2 is 40 mm Hg, and the FIO2 is 0.80 is _____ mm Hg.
1736
A patient is receiving supplemental oxygen via a 30% air-entrainment mask set at 8 L/min. The respiratory therapist must increase the supplemental oxygen to 40%. To maintain the same total output, the flow rate must be increased to _____ L/min. Selected Answer:b. 16Answers:a. 14b. 16c. 18d. 10
18
A pediatric patient with refractory croup is placed on heliox 80:20 at a flow of 10 L/min. The actual flow going to the patient is _____ L/min.
18 80/20= 1.8 x 100= 18
The oxygen/air ratio for the 35% air-entrainment mask is
1:4.3
The main goal of a pulse-demand oxygen-delivery system is which of the following? 1. To provide oxygen only during expiration 2. To provide oxygen only during inspiration 3. To deliver oxygen to the patient only after a sufficient inspiratory effort is made and the demand valve opens 4. To deliver oxygen at a preset flow rate and close during inspiration to conserve oxygen
2 and 3
Which of the following factors determine the actual O2 provided by an air-entrainment system?1. O2 input flow to the jet2. Air-to-O2 ratio of the device3. Resistance downstream from the jet
2 and 3 only
Which of the following would indicate adequate oxygenation for adult patients with chronic lung disease and an accompanying acute-on-chronic hypoxemia?1. SaO2 of 90% or higher2. PaO2 of 50 to 60 mm Hg3. SaO2 of 85% to 90%
2 and 3 only
High-flow devices include which of the following?1. Nasal cannula2. Venturi mask3. Mask with reservoir bag4. Oxygen hoods
2 and 4
According to Bernoulli's principle, as a fluid flows through a narrow passage or stricture, which of the following will occur?1. Fluid velocity will decrease.2. Lateral pressure will fall.3. Total energy will increase.
2 only
Disadvantages of standard O2 masks include which of the following?1. Being difficult to apply to patients.2. Patient discomfort (straps and heat).3. Increasing the risk of aspiration.4. Must be removed for eating.
2, 3, and 4
Patients exposed to FIO2 greater than or equal to 50% are at risk for which of the following?1. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease2. O2 toxicity3. Permanent lung damage4. Atelectasis
2, 3, and 4
Which of the following are disadvantages of delivering oxygen by reservoir masks?1. Rebreathing N22. The patient cannot eat3. Increased risk of aspirations4. Claustrophobia/discomfort
2, 3, and 4
Which of the following are the potential harmful effects of excessive amounts of oxygen therapy?1. Persistent pulmonary hypertension2. Oxygen-induced hypoventilation3. Absorption atelectasis4. Retinopathy or prematurity
2, 3, and 4
Physiologic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) include which of the following? 1. Recruitment of collapsed alveoli2. Improved blood flow to ventilated alveoli3. Decreased pulmonary vascular resistance4. Reduced intrapulmonary shunting
2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following are true about absorption atelectasis?1. It can occur only when breathing supplemental O2.2. Its risk is increased in patients breathing at low tidal volumes (VT values).3. Its risk is decreased through the natural "sigh" mechanism.4. It results in an increase in the physiologic shunt fraction.
2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following are true about air-entrainment systems?1. Their FiO2 values are directly proportional to their total flow.2. They can provide variable FiO2 values under some clinical conditions.3. They always deliver O2 concentrations less than 100%.4. They yield a set FiO2 only if their flow exceeds the patient's.
2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following factors will decrease the FiO2 delivered by a low-flow O2 system?1. Lon inspiratory time2. Fast rate of breathing3. Lower O2 input4. Large minute ventilation
2, 3, and 4 only
Which of the following statements are true about low-flow O2 delivery systems?1. The greater the patient's inspiratory flow, the greater is the FiO2.2. All low-flow devices provide variable O2 concentrations.3. The O2 provided by a low-flow device is diluted with air.4. The patient's flow usually exceeds that from a low-flow device.
2, 3, and 4 only
The total flow for a 50% air-entrainment mask running at 8 L/min is _____ L/min.
22
During hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy at 3 ATA, what is the approximate half-life of blood carboxyhemoglobin?
23 min
Which of the following shows the correct relationship among density, volume, and mass?1. Density = volume/mass2. Volume = density/mass3. Mass = (density)/(volume)4. Weight density = weight/volume
3 and 4
How many liters/minute of air is being entrained for a 35% air-entrainment mask running at 10 L/min?
43 L/min
A patient has a 0.40 air-entrainment mask on and is not tolerating it well at this time because of claustrophobia. A nasal cannula is placed on the patient. What liter flow should be set to match the appropriate FIO2?
5
A physician places a patient in respiratory failure on 100% O2. To avoid the hazards of O2 toxicity, you would recommend that every effort is made to reduce this FiO2 to less than 50% within what timeframe?
5 days
What is the maximum FiO2 expected to be delivered by most air-entrainment masks?
50%
The total flow for a 35% air-entrainment mask running at 10 L/min is _____ L/min.
53
A well-fitted nonrebreathing mask, adjusted so that the patient's inhalation does not deflate the bag (flows approximately 10 L/min), should provide inspired O2 concentrations in what range?
55%-70%
At an FiO2 of 1, what is the approximate half-life of blood carboxyhemoglobin?
80 min
You design an air-entrainment system that mixes air with O2 at a fixed ratio of 1:7. Approximately what O2 concentration will this device provide?
90%
The pressure drop resulting from a constriction in a tube can be restored by which of the following?
A postconstriction increase in radius
What is the most common application of Bernoulli's principle in respiratory care equipment?
Air injector
Which of the following O2 devices is appropriate for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease who are hypoxemic?
Air-entrainment mask
Before administering a helium-O2 mixture to a patient with large airway obstruction, what should you do?
Analyze the O2 concentration of the mixture.
With oxygen hoods, FIO2 must be measured by using what type of device?
Analyzer
For a neonate on an oxygen hood, where is the best placement of an oxygen analyzer to measure the correct FIO2?
At the nose and mouth
Which of the following is used to measure nitrogen oxides?
Chemiluminescence monitoring
To ensure the prescribed FiO2 for a patient receiving 65% O2, you apply a closed reservoir delivery system with a one-way expiratory valve. What other component must be included in this system to ensure a fail-safe operation?
Emergency inlet valve
At what level of carboxyhemoglobin saturation is hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy indicated for an adult patient?
Greater than 25%
An 18-year-old with severe asthma is brought into the emergency department on an nonrebreathing mask; he is in acute respiratory distress. He has been given multiple rounds of bronchodilators and corticosteroids and is still in distress, with an SpO2 of 85% on the nonrebreathing mask. What therapy should the respiratory care practitioner suggest to the physician at this time?
Heliox therapy
______ law states that the degree to which a gas enters i
Henry's
_______therapy exposes patients to a pressure greater than atmospheric pressure while they breathe 100% oxygen, either continuously or intermittently.
Hyperbaric oxygen
Which type of CO2 monitor is most appropriate for a critical care setting?
IR spectroscopy
A patient receiving 35% O2 through an air-entrainment mask set at 6 L/min input flow becomes tachypneic. Simultaneously, you notice that the SpO2 has fallen from 91% to 87%. Which of the following actions would be most appropriate in this situation?
Increase the device's input flow to 10 L/min.
Retinopathy of prematurity often occurs in neonates because of which of the following?
Increased amounts of FIO2
Which of the following is false about the simple O2 mask?
It can easily deliver high FiO2 values (>0.6 to 0.7)
To ensure a stable FiO2 under varying patient demands, what must an O2 delivery system do?
It must provide all the gas needed by the patient during inspiration.
The gases that have the same molecular weight and cannot be separated on the basis of weight alone during mass spectroscopy include which of the following?
N2O and CO2
Two gases that can be falsely identified as nitrogen dioxide (NO2) are
NH2 and nitrous oxide (N2O)
Which reactions take place near the sensing electrode of an electrochemical NO analyzer?
NO + 2H2O → HNO3 + 3H+ + 3e−
Which of the following is true about reservoir cannulas?
Nasal anatomy and breathing pattern can affect performance of the device
What type of oxygen device is used to administer heliox to a nonintubated patient?
Nonrebreathing mask
Which of the following O2 devices has 2 one-way valves and the second valve is at the exhalation ports, which prevents room air from entering the mask during inhalation?
Nonrebreathing mask
A physician orders a 70% He:30% O2 mixture to reduce the work of breathing in a patient having an acute asthmatic attack. Which of the following delivery systems would be appropriate in this case?
Nonrebreathing mask at 10 L/min
Intermittent air-breathing is used in hyperbaric chambers to prevent which of the following?
Oxygen toxicity
You connect an intubated patient to an air-entrainment nebulizer system through a T tube set at 60% with an input flow of 15 L/min. Toward the middle of inspiration, you observe that mist stops exiting from the open end of the T tube. What does this indicate?
Patient is not receiving 60% O2.
A patient with pulmonary fibrosis comes to the emergency department with an SpO2 of 87% and a respiratory rate of 28 breaths/min. The patient is unsure whether her transtracheal catheter is working properly; what is your first action?
Place a nasal cannula on her
A 60-year-old man with a 90 pack-years smoking history arrives in the emergency department on a nonrebreathing mask with an SpO2 of 88%. The arterial blood gas results at this time indicate a pH of 7.38, PCO2 of 58, and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) of 54. Which action should the respiratory therapist take at this time?
Place an air-entrainment mask on the patient that delivers 0.40 FIO2.
A 55-year-old man comes to the emergency department on a nonrebreathing mask with an SpO2 of 88%. The patient was found unconscious in a running car in the garage. Carbon monoxide poisoning is a concern at this time. What should the respiratory care practitioner recommend to the physician at this time?
Place the patient on carbogen therapy 5%:95%
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a potentially serious management problem mainly in the care of whom?
Premature or low-birth-weight infants
What is the problem with input flows greater than 10 to 15 L/min in an infant Oxy-Hood?
Production of harmful noise levels
Under conditions of turbulent flow, what is the driving pressure?
Proportional to the square of the flow
Upon arrival to the emergency department, a patient is found to have an SpO2 of 75% on a nonrebreathing mask. You notice that the nonrebreathing mask is hooked to a bubble humidifier. The humidifier bottle is whistling and is expanded. What is your next action as the respiratory therapist?
Remove the nonrebreathing mask from the humidifier and run off of O2
The resistance to flow of a fluid through a tube can be computed according to which of the following formulas?
Resistance = pressure ÷ flow
A 52-year-old man is admitted to the hospital emergency department with a primary complaint of severe radiating chest pain and signs of central cyanosis. The attending asks for your advice on selecting a device that provides a moderate FiO2 for this patient. Which of the following would you recommend?
Simple O2 mask at 8 L/min
O2-induced hypoventilation is more likely to occur with which oxygen-delivery device?
Simple mask
A physician orders supplemental O2 for a patient through a nasal cannula at a flow of 12 L/min. When you ask what the goal is, the physician states that the patient should receive approximately 60% O2. Which of the following should you recommend?
The O2 should be given through a simple mask set at 5 to 12 L/min.
Which of the following is false about multiplace hyperbaric oxygenation chambers?
The chamber normally is filled with 100% O2
What are the two opposing forces in a mercury barometer?
The weight of the mercury column and the force of the gas molecules
Which of the following terms does not describe a pattern of flow?
Tubular
Reynolds' number is derived from which of the following components?
Velocity of flow, radius of tube, density of gas, and velocity of gas
In giving O2 to an infant through a hood, which of the following are correct? 1. A neutral thermal environment should be maintained. 2. Gases should be directed away from the infant's face. 3. High input flow (>10 to 15 L/min) should be avoided. 4. A minimum flow of 7 L/min must be maintained.
all em
The statement that is true concerning reservoir cannulas is which of the following?
b. The patient's clothing can conceal pendant cannulas.
In a pulse-demand oxygen-delivery system, the _____ replaces the flowmeter.
demand valve
Following the Bernoulli principle, when a fluid approaches a constriction in a tube, there will be a(n) ____ in acceleration and a(n) ____ in lateral pressure.
increase, decrease
When tubes have one or more branches, the flow becomes
transitional
NO is effective in the treatment of pulmonary hypertension in neonates because it causes which of the following?
vasodilation