Fundamentals of Nutrition Exam 2
Consuming too much protein or excess amino acids can contribute to _____________.
dehydration
Katie is pregnant. She has type 1 diabetes and often has difficulty controlling her blood glucose level. Based on this information, Katie is likely to _______.
give birth to a baby that has birth defects
According to Shawn's physician, Shawn has a high risk of _____ because his waist circumference is 42 inches, his blood pressure consistently measures 140 mm Hg/90 mm Hg, and his fasting blood glucose level is 110 mg/dl.
metabolic syndrome
Refined carbohydrates do not satisfy hunger as well as proteins and fats, which may lead to an excessive consumption of calories.
true
A team of food scientists wants to develop a formula diet for newborns that is a nutritionally complete food that replaces human milk. To support normal infant development, the formula must have _____ as an ingredient.
tryptophan
A _____ remains when the amino group of an amino acid is removed.
carbon skeleton
If your diet supplies more sugar and starch than you need, the excess can be _______.
converted into fat and stored
Pancreatic amylase _______.
digests starch in the small intestine
Max wants to restrict the added sugar intake of his 5-year-old son. He should _______.
give the child low-fat milk with meals and snacks instead of regular soft drinks
Phil is a healthy college student. When he wakes up in the morning, he can't wait to eat breakfast. While he is asleep and before he consumes food or beverages, his pancreas secretes _____ to maintain his blood glucose level within normal limits.
glucagon
Which of the following statements is true?
Certain proteins transport nutrients and oxygen in the bloodstream.
Which of the following statements is true?
Fat contributes to the flavor of foods.
Which of the following foods is a source of cholesterol?
Pork steak
In the human intestinal tract, cooked rice is broken down into _____ molecules that can be absorbed.
glucose
Nervous system cells burn mostly _____ for energy.
glucose
Albert is a healthy, 23-year-old college student. He would like to know more about his risk of cardiovascular disease, so he can take preventive measures, if they are necessary. Albert should _____.
have a lipoprotein profile performed on a sample of his blood
Duncan's diet contains high amounts of protein and fat, but it is very low in carbohydrates. As a result of following this diet, Duncan's body forms more _____ than normal.
ketone bodies
Clayton is a 19-year-old college student. He avoids milk, because he claims drinking the beverage upsets his stomach and gives him intestinal "gas." However, he can eat yogurt and certain types of cheese without experiencing any symptoms. Based on this information, Clayton probably has _______.
lactose intolerance
Which of the following foods is a rich source of saturated fat and cholesterol?
Whole milk
The ____ is the primary site for nonessential amino acid production in humans.
liver
Lily is 22 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, protein should comprise ____% of her total energy intake.
10 to 35
Which of the following statements is true?
A polyunsaturated fatty acid has two or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbon chain.
Protein consumed in excess of body needs will be stored as amino acids in skeletal muscle.
False
Which of the following amino acids can be made by the human body?
Alanine
Which of the following fatty acids is an essential fatty acid?
Alpha linolenic acid
Justin's blood cholesterol level is too high. He'd like to add foods to his diet that can help reduce his blood cholesterol level. Based on this information, which of the following foods should he add?
Beans
The liver uses cholesterol to make _____.
Bile
Joshua has type 2 diabetes, and he does not control his blood glucose levels. As a result of his lack of control, which of the following conditions is he most likely to develop?
Blindness
The best way to avoid tooth decay is to use a mouthwash that kills bacteria in the mouth.
False
When he prepares food, Nick wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should he select?
Canola oil
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of monounsaturated fatty acids?
Canola oil
Human cells extract energy from the chemical breakdown of
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins
Which of the following foods is NOT usually responsible for causing allergic responses?
Carrots and celery
The biochemical pathway of lipogenesis is simply beta-oxidation in reverse.
False
Which of the following foods naturally contains cholesterol?
Chicken
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with abnormal blood urea nitrogen?
Colon cancer
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Corn oil
Which of the following physical characteristics or health conditions is a sign of metabolic syndrome?
Fasting blood triglyceride levels that are consistently more than 150 mg/dl
Instructions for making proteins are coded in a cell's _____________.
DNA
_____ is the process that changes the normal shape of a protein and, as a result, the molecule loses its usual function.
Denaturation
_____ acid is an omega-3 fatty acid.
Eicosapentaenoic
Which of the following statements is true?
Excessive thirst and frequent urination are signs of diabetes
According to scientific evidence, which of the following actions can help reduce a person's risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
Exercising daily
Fiber is indigestible by humans because it is a branched chain, while starch is digestible by humans because it is unbranched.
False
scientist has discovered a new molecular compound that is a long chain of 26 carbons bonded together, with a methyl group on one end and an acid group on the other end of the molecule. The compound does not contain any nitrogen or sulfur atoms. Based on this information, the compound is a(n) _____.
Fatty acid
Which of the following pathways are turned on when carbohydrate intake is excessive and glycogen stores are full? Select all that apply.
Fatty acids stored in adipose Glucose is metabolized to yield ATP
Which of the following foods is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids?
Flaxseeds
Which of the following substances is a simple carbohydrate?
Fructose
Which of the following characteristics or conditions increases a person's risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD)?
Hypertension
_____ acid is an omega-6 fatty acid.
Linoleic
Which enzyme breaks down the triglycerides in the core of lipoproteins so that fatty acids and glycerol can be taken up and stored by adipose cells?
Lipoprotein lipase
ADP--> ATP
Mitochondria
Which of the following statements is true?
Most Americans do not consume enough dietary fiber.
When she prepares food, Felicia wants to use a product that is a rich source of unsaturated fat. Based on this information, which of the following fats should she select?
Olive oil
Cameron was born with a condition that requires him to limit eating foods that contain phenylalanine. Based on this information, Cameron has _____________.
PKU
Which of the following foods has a low glycemic index (less than 70)?
Raw carrots
Bill has reactive hypoglycemia. What steps can he take to reduce the likelihood that he has bouts of the disorder?
Reduce his intake of refined sugars
Which of the following foods or beverages is a main source of added sugar in American diets?
Regular soft drinks
Which of the following statements accurately describes anabolic reactions of human metabolism?
Requires the input of energy to synthesize a molecule from smaller molecules
What is the major difference between soluble and insoluble forms of fiber?
Soluble fiber dissolves or swells in water, whereas insoluble fiber generally does not change in water.
Leona is making lemon pudding from "scratch." Her ingredients include fat-free milk, cornstarch, lemon juice, egg yolks, salt, sugar, and butter. When she added some of the ingredients together, little clumps formed in the mixture before she could heat it. What happened to those ingredients?
The acid in the lemon juice denatured the milk proteins.
After absorption, amino acids travel to the liver via the hepatic portal vein.
True
An unpleasant physical reaction following consumption of sulfites is considered a food intolerance because it does not trigger the body's immune response
True
Consuming a high-protein diet may lead to high urine urea nitrogen
True
High-protein diets are associated with high urinary losses of calcium.
True
If Kara's body weight is 120 pounds, her RDA for protein is approximately 44 g.
True
Plant sterols and stanols are structurally similar to cholesterol, and as a result, plant sterols and stanols can interfere with cholesterol absorption.
True
Carmen is an active child who is allergic to peanuts. While attending a classroom party, Carmen accidentally was exposed to trail mix that contained peanuts, and she rapidly developed _____ as a result.
anaphylaxis
The three most important dietary monosaccharides for humans are _____.
galactose, glucose, and fructose
Victor is making cake batter. When he added corn oil, fat-free milk, baking powder, and salt together, the oil and milk separated into two layers. To make a mixture that does not separate into oily and watery components, Victor should add _____ and stir the ingredients together.
egg yolks
Chewing gum made with sugar alcohols contributes to tooth decay.
false
Hypoglycemia is a condition that occurs when the blood glucose level is too high.
false
Soluble fiber is broken down completely by bacteria in the small intestine.
false
The chemical attraction between the acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid can form a _____________.
peptide bond
Jacob is a healthy, active 14-year-old boy. Recently, he began to experience a growth spurt. Based on this information, his body is in ____ nitrogen balance.
positive
High-fiber diets are associated with all of the following EXCEPT _______.
reduced secretion of intrinsic factor
To reduce her intake of added sugar, Isabelle should _______.
replace regular soft drinks with plain water
The body uses cholesterol to make _____.
steroid hormones
Fiber-rich diets contribute to weight loss by causing a person to feel full.
true
Intestinal bacteria produce gases when they metabolize fiber.
true
Plants use glucose to make fiber and starch.
true
This morning, Margie's fasting blood glucose level indicated that she has hyperglycemia and pre-diabetes. Based on this information, her fasting blood glucose level was _____ mg/dl.
120
Human cells can directly harness solar energy if the skin is exposed to sunlight for 10 to 15 minutes per day.
False
Which of the following foods is a naturally rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids?
Soybean oil
Subcutaneous fat does not _____.
Stimulate red blood cell production
Alicia has PKU. She would like to sweeten her coffee with a substance that provides 0 kcal/g. Based on this information, which of the following sweeteners supplies 0 kcal/g and is safe for her to use?
Sucralose
Plants make glucose from carbon dioxide and water.
True
Katrina is 20 years of age. She usually consumes about 1800 kcal per day. According to AMDR guidelines, what is her range of protein intake?
180 to 630 kcal/day
Sarah consumes approximately 2000 kcal/day. According to recommendations of the 2015-2020 version of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, she should limit her saturated fat intake to fewer than ____ kcal/day.
200
The reactions of human metabolism utilize the ______ energy that is stored in carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and alcohol.
Chemicals
The difference between one triglyceride and another resides in the type of fatty acids attached to each glycerol.
True
