G&D CHAPTER 8 EARLY CHILDHOOD

The parents of a 30-month-old say that their daughter is not talking in short sentences. The most appropriate response is: a. "Let's make an appointment with your pediatrician for an evaluation." b. "Children of that age are too young to use short sentences." c. "You don't need to worry until your child is at least 48 months old." d. "Your child should have started talking in short sentences by 18 months old."

"Let's make an appointment with your pediatrician for an evaluation."

A parent has a 2-year-old in the clinic for a well-child checkup. Which statement by the parent would indicate the need for more instruction regarding child safety? a. "We locked all the medicines in the bathroom cabinet." b. "We turned the thermostat down on our hot water heater." c. "We placed gates at the top and bottom of our stairs." d. "We're using the car seat belt instead of the car seat now that the baby is older."

"We're using the car seat belt instead of the car seat now that the baby is older."

A "time-out" for unacceptable behavior may be effective discipline for children between 1 and 6 years of age if the time-out period is no more than ____ minute(s) per year of child's age. a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4

1

Dental evaluations should start at the age of ____ months. a. 12 b. 18 c. 24 d. 30

12

In the instruction about considerations relative to the use of car seats, the health-care worker lists that before a child should be allowed to sit in the front seat of a car, the child should be at least ____ years of age. a. 8 b. 10 c. 12 d. 13

13

Most children use sentences of five words by the age of ____ years. a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5

5

Preschool children need a minimum of ____ minutes a day of age-appropriate active play.

60

Complete myelinization of the brain does not occur until the age of: a. 5 years. b. 7 years. c. 10 years. d. 12 years.

7 years

During the preschool period, the emphasis of injury prevention should be placed on: a. constant vigilance and protection. b. punishment for unsafe behaviors. c. education for safety and potential hazards. d. limitation of physical activities.

education for safety and potential hazards.

When preparing parents to teach their children about sexuality, the health-care worker should emphasize that they should: a. treat bodily functions as secret. b. expect some masturbatory behavior. c. correct all behavior that involves nudity. d. limit parental displays of hugging or kissing.

expect some masturbatory behavior.

Children learn to cope by: a. imitating others. b. experiencing new situations. c. asking for help. d. following parental direction.

experiencing new situations.

The Portion Plate for Kids placemat can be used as an aid to nutrition because it: a. introduces a variety of foods. b. acts as a guide for food intake. c. is colorful and teaches basic food groups. d. likens portion sizes to a baseball.

acts as a guide for food intake.

In the clinic waiting room, a parent is showing an 18-month-old how to build a tower out of blocks. Toddlers: a. use blocks at this age primarily for throwing. b. are too young to imitate the behavior of others. c. are capable of building a tower of blocks. d. are unable to concentrate long enough to build a tower.

are capable of building a tower of blocks.

To prepare a preschooler for better human interaction, the parents should help the child learn to: a. be autonomous. b. express feelings verbally rather than acting out. c. avoid conflict. d. rely on others.

express feelings verbally rather than acting out.

Erik Erikson describes the major developmental task of the toddler to be: a. trust. b. initiative. c. autonomy. d. intimacy.

autonomy.

When a 3-year-old spills his milk at the dinner table, he can be expected to: a. clean the spill up immediately. b. cry because he expects punishment. c. play in the spilled milk. d. blame his sibling for the accident.

blame his sibling for the accident.

Age-appropriate literacy skills for a 24-month-old include the child taking a book and: a. holding it. b. looking at pictures. c. carrying it around the house. d. pointing at pictures with one finger.

carrying it around the house.

Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electrical outlet recently, her mother finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. The repeated behavior is due to: a. cognitive development is delayed. b. memory deficit. c. inability to understand cause and effect. d. desire for attention.

cognitive development is delayed.

Toilet training is dependent on: a. developing sphincter control. b. child's desire to stay dry. c. being rewarded for using the toilet. d. children using the family toilet when first learning.

developing sphincter control.

According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief that: a. events have cause and effect. b. God is like an imaginary friend. c. if the skin is broken, the insides will come out. d. dolls are real people.

dolls are real people.

A parent of a 24-month-old boy say that the child has frequent tantrums and that "no" is becoming his favorite word. This behavior: a. is a response to frustration in gaining autonomy. b. is an indication of regression. c. is a signal that he is not effectively coping with stress. d. shows that he needs more attention.

is a response to frustration in gaining autonomy.

The activity that is most appropriate for a hospitalized 5-year-old who is allowed to go to the playroom is: a. joining a group of boys and girls who are playing house. b. looking at a coin collection that belongs to an 8-year-old. c. playing alone with a racing car. d. building a block tower next to another child who is also playing with blocks.

joining a group of boys and girls who are playing house.

The health-care worker guiding parents in selecting a day care facility for their child would emphasize the importance of: (Select all that apply.) a. licensure. b. location. c. student-to-staff ratio. d. discipline techniques. e. staff education.

licensure. student-to-staff ratio. discipline techniques. staff education.

The home health-care worker would assess the indication of sexual abuse in a preschool child if assessments were made of the child's: (Select all that apply.) a. positioning dolls in sexual positions. b. excessive sexual curiosity. c. removing clothes to play nude. d. playing "doctor." e. drawing genitals on dolls.

positioning dolls in sexual positions. excessive sexual curiosity. drawing genitals on dolls.

The preschool child learns socially acceptable behavior through the use of: a. punishment. b. positive reinforcement. c. restricting privileges. d. comparing child to role model.

positive reinforcement.

A 2-year-old should be able to: a. ride a tricycle. b. climb stairs reciprocally. c. run. d. hop on two feet.

run.

According to Kohlberg, the moral task of childhood is learning to: a. take responsibility. b. share with others. c. cooperate with others. d. recognize religion.

share with others.

An example of parallel play is a toddler: a. sitting by himself playing with blocks. b. sharing a box of crayons with another toddler as they color in the same book. c. sitting with another toddler playing with toys without interaction. d. sitting in a circle of other toddlers passing a ball from one to another.

sitting with another toddler playing with toys without interaction.

A 5-year-old boy has been having increasingly more frequent angry outbursts in preschool. For the past 8 to 10 weeks, he had seven episodes of aggressiveness toward the other children and the teachers. The best advice would be to: a. encourage the parent to try more consistent and firm discipline. b. explain that this is normal in preschoolers, especially boys. c. take the child for a professional psychosocial assessment. d. deprive him of some special treat each time he is aggressive at school.

take the child for a professional psychosocial assessment.

The toddler is vulnerable to ear infections because: a. respirations are abdominal. b. pulse and respiratory rates are slower than in infancy. c. defense mechanisms are less efficient than during infancy. d. there is a short, straight internal ear canal leading to the oropharynx.

there is a short, straight internal ear canal leading to the oropharynx.

When a toddler snatches a toy from another toddler, this behavior is: a. representative of the aggressive nature of toddlers. b. typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric. c. a primitive attempt at sharing. d. a deliberate behavior the toddler knows to be wrong.

typical behavior because toddlers are egocentric.

When a toddler acquires receptive language skills, the child is able to: a. understand abstract information. b. understand simple messages. c. converse at length. d. respond with appropriate language.

understand simple messages.

The child is involved in fantasy play when the child: a. puts a string on a toy dog and takes it for a walk. b. looks at the pictures in a book over and over. c. uses the sandbox as a sailboat. d. colors the picture of an apple purple.

uses the sandbox as a sailboat.