Gastrointestinal System lab 3

Defecation

Accumulation of waste products and excretion from the body. Large intestines (rectum and anus mainly)

Triglycerides are the most abundant dietary lipids in the body. Lipids are difficult to chemically digest because they are hydrophobic and aggregate in large droplets that reduce the area where lipases can act. What substance released from the gallbladder emulsifies these fat droplets into smaller fat droplets so that lipases can break them down?

Bile salts

Where does the digestion and absorption of proteins mainly occur? a)Small intensive & large intestine b)Mouth & stomach c)Stomach & small intestine d)Mouth & esophagus

C. Stomach & small intestine

Which of the following incorrectly matches a part of the intestines with its function

Caecum , stores feces

Digestion

Chemical breakdown of food into smaller units. Mouth, stomach, intestines (duodenum mainly)

Unlike the intestines, the stomach contains a third layer of smooth muscle inside that allows for the mechanical breakdown and mixing of bolus by

Churning

A drug unexpectedly decreases the number of villi lining the lumen of the small intestine. What would be the most likely effect of this?

Decrease nutrient absorption

According to the protocol's fetal pig dissection, which of the following is NOT a structure of the large intestine?

Duodenum

Written ResponseYou are likely to experience acid reflux (heartburn) if sphincter is not working properly so there is backflow of stomach acid from the stomach into the esophagus.

Esophageal

According to the protocol's fetal pig dissection, when you lift up the lobes of the liver on the right side what organ would you find that is small and sac-like?

Gallbladder

1.What is peristalsis and in which organs does it PRIMARILY occur? •Rhythmic contraction of longitudinal smooth muscle. Esophagus and stomach 2.Why does the stomach need to have a thick mucosa layer? •Avoid autodigestion from acids in the stomach 3.What is rugae and under what condition would it be present in the stomach? •Folds in the stomach when the stomach is empty •Borborygmià stomach growls

Goblet cells: secrete mucus Parietal cells: secrete HCl Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen G-cells: secrete gastrin

Which of the following incorrectly matches the enzymes to where they are produced in the body?

Lipase and small intestine

Lactase is the enzyme produced in the small intestine that is responsible for the breakdown of lactose (disaccharide). Lactose intolerant individuals have very low levels of lactase, so undigested lactose just sits on the colon. What type of feces do you think that person will most likely excrete? Hint: Lactose is a solute so think back to lab one where we talked about solutes and solvents

Liquid feces

Bile is released into the duodenum in order to emulsify lipid droplets into smaller droplets to enable their breakdown by lipasesWhere is bile produced? Where is bile stored?

Liver gallbladder

Jen is at the ER for abdominal pain, she tells the doctor that she has not been able to have proper bowel movement in some time even though she has been able to eat. After some exams, the doctor informs Jen that there is a problem with the muscles in her stomach that are responsible for Peristalsis. Peristalsis in the digestive tract is performed primarily by which type of muscle?

Longitudinal smooth muscle

Motility

Movement of food throughout GI tract. Esophagus, stomach, intestines

The stomach contains goblet cells that secrete in order to create a thick layer of this secretion which protects the stomach from autodigestion (due to high acid content of the stomach).

Mucus

Parietal cells in the stomach secrete HCl to activate an inactive enzyme into its active form so that it can hydrolyze proteins into large polypeptides. What is the name for the of this enzyme? What's the name for the active form of this enzyme?

Pepsinogen pepsin

Motility is the movement of food throughout the GI tract. What is the name for the rhythmic contraction of the smooth muscles that propels the food forward?

Peristalsis

What stimulus causes your mouth to water just by thinking about food that you really want to eat

Psychological stimulus

The large intestine absorbs excess water and salts, forming semi-solid feces . Which part of the large intestine functions in storing the feces?

Rectum

Secretion

Release enzymes and digestive substances that help with the breakdown and digestion of food. Salivary, stomach, pancreas, liver, gallbladder

One of the reasons you hear borborygmi (or stomach growls) is because you are hungry and the brain signals your digestive organs to prepare for a meal. If this were the case, what do you expect to find in your stomach that indicates an empty stomach?

Rugae

During Ingestion, food is taken in by the mouth and is physically broken down by the teeth with assistance of the tongue (moves food around the mouth), The mouth also contains salivary glands that secrete saliva to keep the mouth moist and break down starch. What is the primary enzyme in saliva that deals with digestion of starch?

Salivary amylase

What hormones stimulate the pancreas to release its secretions?

Secretin and cholecystokinin (cck)

According to the protocol's fetal pig dissection, which of the following is NOT a part of the stomach?

Taenia coli

Ingestion

Taking food in. Mouth, tongue, teeth

Absorption

Water and nutrients being reabsorbed into the bloodstream from the lumen. Stomach, intestines (jejunum and ileum mostly)

Acid reflux or heartburn is the result of a weak _____. a)Pyloric sphincter b)Lower esophageal sphincter c)Upper esophageal sphincter d)Ileocecal sphincter

b)Lower esophageal sphincter

All of the following are accessory digestive organs EXCEPT? a)Liver b)Gallbladder c)Rectum d)Pancreas

c)Rectum

What is the rhythmic contraction of smooth muscle that propels food toward the stomach from the esophagus, and once in the stomach, continues and helps churn the food into the duodenum? a)Churning b)Segmentation c)Chewing d)Peristalsis

d)Peristalsis