General Psych Chapter 15 study guide

Research indicates that the symptoms of OCD ________.

are related to hyperactivity in the orbitofrontal cortex

Egon can't pay attention in class. He is easily distracted, won't sit still, and displays poor impulse control. The school counselor suggested that his parents take him to a doctor to have him assessed for ________.

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Nicole is socially inhibited and oversensitive to negative evaluation. She was thinking about a career in nursing, but she changed her mind because she believes the doctors would criticize her and patients would reject her. She has never been on a date because she feels socially inept and unappealing; she avoids meeting new people because anything less than immediate, unconditional acceptance causes her anxiety. Just yesterday she was invited to go on a kayak trip, but she didn't go because she was worried she would embarrass herself. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Nicole's personality?

avoidant personality disorder

Phyllis cannot be alone. Her moods and behaviors are unstable, as are her relationships with other people. She often displays inappropriate and intense anger. Recently, Phyllis wrote a suicide note and offered to show it to her husband. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for her personality?

borderline personality disorder

One of the primary characteristics of autism spectrum disorder is ________.

difficulty relating to others

Which pair of neurotransmitters has received the most attention as a potential explanation for the symptoms of schizophrenia?

dopamine and serotonin

Antisocial personality disorder is associated with ________.

emotional deficits

Cole spends a few weeks being treated for major depressive disorder. He eventually stops exhibiting symptoms, but a few months later they reoccur. Once again the symptoms dissipate, but a few months later they reoccur. Cole's major depressive disorder is ________?

episodic

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing dissociative ________.

fugue

A study of adoptees whose biological mothers had schizophrenia found that the adoptees were most likely to develop schizophrenia ________.

if they were raised in a disturbed adoptive home environment

Patterns of inner experience and behavior are thought to reflect the presence of a psychological disorder if they ________.

lead to significant distress and impairment in one's life

A study based on over 9,000 U. S. residents found that the most prevalent disorder was ________.

major depressive disorder

Dissociative amnesia involves ________.

memory loss following stress

Those symptoms that involve noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives in those afflicted with schizophrenia are called ________ symptoms.

negative

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses accounts for Jeff's personality?

obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

If Laura has bipolar disorder, then she ________.

often experiences mood states that vacillate between depression and mania

Symptoms of PTSD include all of the following except ________.

physical complaints that cannot be explained medically

Mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as avoiding eye contact or rehearsing sentences before speaking are called ________.

safety behaviors

Which of the following elevates the risk for developing PTSD?

severity of the trauma

Diondre harbors the belief that spider eggs have been implanted underneath his fingernails and that the spiders will hatch inside his skin and will eventually begin to eat his organs. What kind of delusion is this?

somatic

The ________ perspective of psychological disorders attributed symptoms of such ailments to forces that were beyond scientific understanding, such as black magic or evil spirits.

supernatural

In the harmful dysfunction definition of psychological disorders, dysfunction involves ________.

the inability of an psychological mechanism to perform its function

The diathesis-stress model presumes that psychopathology results from ________.

vulnerability and adverse experiences

Researchers have found that approximately _____ percent of those with dissociative identity disorder were physically and/or sexually abused in childhood, leading to the conclusion that trauma can be a cause of this disorder.

95

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America?

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders