General Psychology Post Test Study Guide

Name the theory for this example: Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it - this leader her to become depressed

hopelessness

What is the main point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study?

individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person

Diana is assessing applicants for a pilot job at a regional airfield. She wrote the description of the ideal candidate, and now she is reviewing the personality profiles of the applicants to screen those who do not fit the profile. Diana is working in the specialty area of industrial-organizational psychology called ________ psychology.

industrial

This organization, one of the largest professional groups of psychologists in the world, was founded in 1892

american psychological association (apa)

The analytical intelligence component of the triarchic theory of intelligence is demonstrated by the ability to ________

analyze, evaluate, judge, compare, and contrast

One example of __________ is the differences between hemispheres in the areas underlying language function

lateralization

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

learning

Addiction is often viewed as a _______ disease that can rewire the sufferer's brain

chronic

Most people are awake during the day and asleep at night because their ___________ cycles are aligned with the outside world.

circadian rhythm

_________ development involves learning, attention, memory, language, thinking, reasoning, and creativity

cognitive

Roscoe suffers from cocaine use disorder as well as bipolar disorder. The fact that he has two psychiatric diagnoses at once would make his a ________ situation.

comorbid

_________ are categories or groupings of linguistic information, images, ideas, or memories, such as life experiences

concepts

A psychological disorder is a ________

condition characterized by abnormal thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

What classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the united states of america?

diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (dsm)

Suppose you are walking down a street. A women has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of _______

diffusion of responsibility

___________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation

dopamine

Changes in behavior and cognitive processes over time are studied by________

evolutionary psychologists

Which of the following is not part of obtaining informed consent?

explaining the hypothesis to the participants

Jade hears a rattle. When she turns around she sees a rattlesnake inches from her leg. Her pupils dilate, her heart pounds, and she begins to sweat. This response is called the ________ response.

fight-or-flight

The type of intelligence that involves seeing complex relationships and solving problems is ___________ intelligence

fluid

Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation?

forensic

Which school of thinking in psychology includes the following concepts: figure-ground relationship, law of continuity, and principle of closure

gestalt

What is the set of processes used to encode, store, and retrieve information over different periods of time?

memory

Using the acronym "HOMES" to remember the names of the five Great Lakes is an example of

mnemonic

Otto is so driven to become a school psychologist that he spends every night studying. This sentence describes the wants or needs that direct behavior toward a goal, also called ________.

motivation

What does nurture refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?

nature describes the biological/genetic predispositions impact on human traits, nurture describes the influence of learning and other influences from one's enviroment

______ refers to the way that sensory information is interpreted and consciously experienced; ________ refers to what happens when sensory information is detected by a sensory receptor

perception; sensation

For which concept is Abraham Maslow best known?

self-actualization theory

Who is this statement about? He is famous for demonstrating the principles of operant conditioning. The motivation for a behavior happens after the behavior is demonstrated.

skinner

Food, water, shelter, and warmth represent ________ needs in Maslow's hierarchy of needs

physiological

Which kind of psychology seeks to identify and promote those qualities that lead to happy, fulfilled, and contented lives rather than focusing on pathology, faults and problems?

positive psychology

If you watch a flock of birds flying overhead, each very close to the next one, you may perceive them as all being part of the same group. If they were all spaced very much apart, however, you may see them as individual birds not flying together. This distinction takes advantage of which Gestalt principle?

proximity

Keegan is a police officer. She was recently placed on administrative leave because she was shot during an armed robbery. Since the shooting, she can't stop thinking about how it felt to be shot, she is often angry with her husband, she jumps when she hears a loud noise, and she takes a 15 minute detour when driving home to avoid the neighborhood where it happened. Keegan probably suffers from ________.

ptsd

Psychology refers to the _________

study of mind and behavior

What principle underlies cognitive theory?

thoughts affect behavior

What important legislation protected employees against discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin?

title VII of the civil rights act of 1964

Tayla smokes marijuana. At first, just a few inhalations were enough to cloud her mind. Over time, she needs to smoke more and more to achieve the same affect. This is an example of ________.

tolerance

Which option is the most valid criticism of Watson and Rayner's work with "little Albert"?

watson and rayner intentionally induced a lasting fear in an infant, and they did not attempt to extinguish it when the experiment was over

An organizational psychologist studies such topics as ________

worker satisfaction, motivation, and commitment

____________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and worry that is accompanied by disturbances in behaviors

anxiety

Sandra strongly believes that attending daycare is detrimental to children's development so she decides to write her psychology term paper on this topic. She does a literature search and finds several sources supporting her opinion, but she finds that the majority of research indicates that children attending daycare experience healthy development. She writes a paper using the sources that find negative associations with daycare attendance. This is an example of ________.

confirmation bias

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called ________, and the process of bringing up old memories is called ________.

construction; reconstruction

The field of psychology studies topics at the intrapersonal level. These topics include------

emotion and attitudes, the self, and social cognition

An __________ is a subjective, affective state of being that we often describe as our feelings. A ________ refers to a prolonged, less intense, affective state that does not occur in response to something we experience.

emotion; mood

According to ________, lifespan development encompasses eight stage we encounter a psychosocial crisis that must be resolved

erik erikson

A particular benefit of ________ therapy is the possibility of decreasing a client's sense of shame and isolation about the problem they face, while also letting them offer support to others.

group

_________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics

heritability

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching praxis, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________.

high self-efficacy

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

proposed that we are motivated by the need to achieve competence in certain areas of our lives

Obstructive sleep apnea occurs when

the muscles that support the soft tissues in your throat temporarily relax