General Psychology (PY21051) - Chapter 1, 2, 9 Exam
According to Erik Erikson, ___________ is a firm sense of who one is and what one stands for.
ego identity
Dizygotic twins are important in the study of the relative influences of nature and nurture because differences between dizygotic twins are the result of nurture.
false
During middle adulthood, people are at their height of sensory sharpness, strength, reaction time, and cardiovascular fitness.
false
The embryonic stage of pregnancy lasts from the beginning of the third month until the birth of the baby.
false
The _______________ lies below the hypothalamus and is dubbed the ''master gland''.
pituitary gland
The_____ is a membrane within the uterus that permits the exchange of nutrients and waste products between the mother and her developing child.
placenta
According to Kohlberg, moral reasoning is based on a person's own moral standards at the ______________.
postconventional level
Structuralists tended to ask, "How do behavior and mental processes help people adapt to the requirements of their lives?"
False
Psychologists with a _______________ perspective focus on the evolution of behavior and mental processes.
biological
The _____ perspective works on the assumption that thoughts, fantasies, and dreams—and the inborn or instinctive behavior patterns of various species—are made possible by the nervous system and especially by the brain.
biological
________________ defines one's nature, which is based on biological structures and processes.
heredity
A(n) _________________ is a stereotyped pattern of behavior that is triggered in a specific situation.
instinct
Which of the following is a function of oxytocin?
it stimulates labor in pregnant women
_______________ is the period of physical development during which sexual reproduction first becomes possible.
puberty
_________ has no immediate application to personal or social problems and has therefore been characterized as research for its own sake.
pure research
A neuron relays its message to another neuron across a junction called a(n) ____________.
synapse
According to Piaget, children in the formal operational stage of cognitive development have:
the ability to hypothesize
Which of the following is a defining feature of psychoanalysis?
the emphasis on unconscious ideas and impulses
Bobby was standing in line to purchase a movie ticket. All of a sudden, the man in front of him took a few steps back and stepped on Bobby's foot. Bobby had an immediate sensation of pain. This sensation was transmitted via the spinal cord to the brain through _____.
afferent neurons
Some researchers consider the _________ to be the "executive center" of the brain, where decisions are made to keep information in working memory and to solve problems.
prefrontal cortex
According to Piaget, the sensorimotor stage of child development is dominated by:
learning to coordinate perception of the self and of the environment with motor activity
______________ is the turning of an infant's head toward a touch.
rooting
Shawna is in her mid-fifties. Her college-going son lives in a separate apartment in the same citywhile her parents live with her. She cooks meals for her son regularly and does his laundry. At the same time, she looks after her parents, who are dependent on her. Shawna is facing the difficulties of the _____.
sandwich generation
A(n) ______________ is a fertilized egg cell.
zygote
A feature of crystallized intelligence is that it does not increase throughout the life span.
false
John recently suffered a blow to the head. Since then, he has found it quite difficult to express his thoughts. Although his ability to think has not been impaired, he cannot find the right words to say what he wants to say. However, he speaks freely and with proper syntax. John most likely suffers from _____.
Wernicke's aphasia
According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, decentration in the concrete operational stage refers to:
children being able to center on two dimensions of a problem at once
Which of the following statements is true about the different types of psychologists?
clinical psychologists help clients resolve problems and change self-defeating behavior
_________ psychologists investigate the ways we perceive and mentally represent the world, how we learn, remember the past, plan for the future, solve problems, form judgments, make decisions, and use language.
cognitive
The _________ reveals deformities in shape and structure that are connected with blood clots, tumors, and other health problems.
computerized axial tomography (CAT) scan
Nicotine, alcohol, and many other drugs are pleasurable because they heighten levels of ____________.
dopamine
____________- relatives have a genetic overlap of about 50%.
first-degree
_________________ is mental flexibility as shown in learning rapidly to solve new kinds of problems.
fluid intelligence
Lena is a mother of two. From the time her first child was born, Lena has been working at a school and managing every aspect of her children's lives. She believes that she must contribute to her family as well as society. According to Erik Erikson, Lena is best demonstrating__________.
generativity
Alicia recently had a bad car accident. Since then, she cannot recall events that occurred after the accident. However, she can recall events that took place before the accident. She recognizes her family and friends and important dates, such as her birthday and her marriage anniversary, but has to be constantly reintroduced to new people in her life. Alicia has most likely sustained damage to her _____.
hippocampus
Shana is a young girl who met with a car accident a few years ago. Since her accident, Shana is only able to remember her family members and instances from her childhood. However, she is unable to remember people she met recently or events that are currently happening in her life. She is often introduced to the same people whom she has met earlier. She reads the same newspaper for several days without realizing that she has read it before. The accident has disabled Shana's ability to permanently store new information because she sustained an injury to her _____.
hippocampus
__________ stresses people's capacities for self-fulfillment and the central roles of consciousness, self-awareness, and decision making.
humanism
The ________________ perspective is grounded in the work of Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
humanistic-existential
Sujay is conducting a research on a group of factory machinists as part of a study on work stress and heart disease. Before conducting his study, he explains the objective of the study to the subjects and tells them what they would need to do. He gives them the opportunity to choose if they want to participate or not. In other words, Sujay is seeking _________.
informed consent
Which of the following is a function of the reticular formation?
it is vital in the functions of attention, sleep, and arousal
Which of these is a function of prolactin?
it regulates maternal behavior in lower mammals such as rats
______________ is the beginning of menstruation.
menarche
The _________ minimizes leakage of the electrical current being carried along the axon, thereby allowing messages to be conducted more efficiently.
myelin sheath
According to Ainsworth, securely attached children:
seek interaction with their mothers upon reunion
Which of the following is a characteristic of the fetal stage of prenatal development?
the fetus alternates between wakefulness and sleep
Vygotsky's sociocultural theory focuses on:
the influence of teachers on children's cognitive development
What is the purpose of a split brain operation?
to confine seizures to one hemisphere of the cerebral cortex
According to Piaget's cognitive development theory, the preoperational stage is characterized by the use of words and symbols to represent objects and relationships among them.
true
According to the notion that the hemispheres of the brain are involved in very different kinds of intellectual and emotional functions and responses, left-brained people are primarily logical and intellectual.
true
Sacs called synaptic vesicles in the axon terminals contain neurotransmitters.
true